There are three important propositions in Marx's education: First, about the nature of education，Discuss the relationship between education and class; the second is the method of education，Emphasized education should be combined with production labor; the third is the purpose of education，It is advocated that education should cultivate "people who develop comprehensive development"。These three propositions have not only had a huge impact on Chinese education theory and practice，and still have practical significance at the moment。

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"The history of all society so far is the history of class struggle"，Marx's class doctrine and historical materialism are inherently consistent。Economic interests are the most fundamental class interests，Material production activities are the most important historical activities，What emphasizes the significance of materiality to spirituality，That is usually the social existence of society determines social consciousness。

For the class of education，Education is a component of upper -level buildings，Education content、Purpose and methods are determined by the economic foundation，In the end, it is determined by a specific level of productivity。This means any education -no matter how universal looks -it must represent the fundamental interests of the specific class, that is, the fundamental interests of the ruling class，Because "the thought of the ruling class is the idea of ​​dominating the dominance in each era"。Just，The ruling class always describes its special interests as a universal interest in the whole bet365 live casino games society，Therefore, the educational thoughts of their own class as the common educational thought of the whole society。Education in the feudal era can only be the ideological education of the landlord class，Represents the Land Noble "ordered by the land"，Both Shou Yongchang，Hereditary Anti -Better "interest appeal，Education in the capitalist era can only be the ideological education of the bourgeoisie，Represents the interests of the interests of the "sacred and inviolable private property" of the capital.，That's it。But they all declare that they expose the "eternal law" of education，It has nothing to do with special class interests。Only Marxism never concealed its own class，Openly declared that the Communists "must make education get rid of the influence of the ruling class"，That is the influence of the bourgeoisie，Education becomes a tool to serve the proletariat and the people。In short，Marxism thinks，Education never hit the imprint of class，Just like philosophy never has the characteristics of the times，Is the same impossible。

How to correctly understand Marx's thinking about education class? on the one hand，The classity of education is an obvious fact，Any class to protect your own interests，It will inevitably affect education，This is a major event that is related to who cultivates people。The First National Education Work Conference in 1949，Proposal to "serve the people，First serve the workers, peasants and soldiers，Services for the current revolutionary struggle and construction "，"Education must serve the national construction，The school must open the door for workers and peasants "。Mao Zedong also said，"Education must serve the proletarian political service"，These claims bet365 Play online games are taken for granted，It is an inevitable requirement for the classical education。We still emphasize "Adhering to the direction of socialist school running" today as usual，Require education and cultivate "socialist builders and successors"，All are the reflection of education class。

On the other hand，The class of education is not the only feature of education，It is not necessarily the most important nature of education。The classity of education can be said to be a special nature，But in addition to the particularity of education, education must also be universal，For example, the natural attributes of people who are possible and must start from this。Aristotle divides the soul of a human into three types，From low to high, it is a plant -based soul、irrational soul and rational soul，Specific performance as human nature、Habits and rationality。Everyone has these three souls at the same time，Otherwise, either education will become impossible (if people lack rationality)，Either education is unnecessary (if people can be restrained by nature and habits)。The purpose of education is from the natural attributes of people，Finally promoting the guidance of nature and habit of obeying rational。This kind of class -based thought based on education -based ideas and education，It reveals some kind of nature of education。Different angles and purposes relying on observation and thinking，Education features are many aspects，For example, nationality、Historical、Ethics, etc.。Using class cover or even other characteristics of education does not conform to the purpose of Marx's educational thought，and may cause catastrophic consequences in practice。

　　Combination of education and production labor

Marx repeatedly emphasized the problem of combining Bet365 lotto review education and production labor in the work，It is believed that "the early combination of production labor and education is one of the most powerful means to transform modern society"。means，The combination of production labor should start with early education，instead of waiting for the person's personality and body to mature。The "modern society" that Marx wants to transform refers to capitalist society，That is, through education "Train people into machines"，Therefore, there is a deformed society that pursues capital profits unlimited。What is education? Marx said: "We can understand education as the following three things: first，Intelligent education; second，Sports; Third，Technical Education。"" "All three education should be combined with production labor。

As far as Marxism's practical character is concerned，As a method and method of trained，The combination of Bet365 lotto review education and production labor mainly emphasizes theoretical connection，Pure theoretical education and book knowledge that opposes the production and life of social production，It advocates cultivating "comprehensive development people" with both cultural literacy and hands -on ability。The principle of this proposition determines that there is no problem，But from the perspective of education practice，There are several deviations in the following。

First, the production labor that Marx said is only understood as a heavy physical labor，The purpose of combining Bet365 lotto review education and production labor is only understood as respect for physical labor and feelings for labor people，This narrow understanding is basically nothing to do with the "technical education" that should be combined in Marx's idea。This is not the meaning of the combination of education and production labor。

Second, exclude theoretical Bet365 lotto review education and book knowledge，Understand the combination of Bet365 lotto review education and production labor as simply opposing the "four -body do not work，Graphite does not divide "。This understanding seriously deviates from the original meaning of Marx's educational thought，Notice in the "three things" about education，Marx is the first place in the first place (mainly through theoretical education)。Books and theories are the wisdom crystals of countless predecessors，Leaving the inheritance of this kind of knowledge，The combination of production labor becomes simple and rigid physical labor。

Third is to emphasize employment orientation too much，Understand and even abandon the foundation and unpopular knowledge。It should be said，Following employment also requires attention to industrial development，Setting professional and courses around employment，It was also a reasonable way to combine Bet365 lotto review education and production labor。But the basic laws of education can not be ignored by the basic laws of education。Appointment，The combination of education and production labor cannot be understood one -sided，Take care of each other，Consider the characteristics of different disciplines and majors，No matter how much the basic theory education can be abandoned in any case。and，Education methods Various diverse，The combination of working with production is only one of them，No need to absolutely become it。

　　Cultivate "People with Comprehensive Development"

Why does Marx advocate education with production labor? Because "it is not only a way to improve social production，The only way to create a comprehensive development "。This means，From Marx's view，The combination of Bet365 lotto review education and production labor is a means，The purpose is to cultivate "people who develop comprehensive development"。Mao Zedong also said: "Our education Bet365 lotto review policy，It should make the people educate in moral education、Intelligent education、Sports are developed in several aspects，Become a socialist awareness、Cultural workers。”

Philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times。Marx proposed the educational goal of cultivating comprehensive development，and point out the specific method of achieving the goal。Because，Under the conditions of modern machines，He keenly observed that the production process not only requires more and more labor technology，It also needs more and more cultural knowledge，Brain labor and physical labor in the traditional era，Now it is increasingly closely combined。This means Marx means an opportunity for major social changes，The difference between division of labor between mental labor and physical labor has been reduced or even eliminated，The first comprehensive development of a person truly shows reality on the basis of the technological revolution。This means，Marx's idea of ​​combining Bet365 lotto review education and production labor，Not the professional training and improvement of labor efficiency，Instead, everyone receives cultural education through everyone and fully familiar with the production process at the same time，Finally achieve the purpose of eliminating brain labor and physical labor，Therefore, everyone in the future society will become a cultural person and worker in a complete sense at the same time，That is "people who develop"。This kind of large and long -term educational goals，and Marx's thinking about human liberation is consistent。

　(This article is the "level and non -level justice research of the National Social Science Foundation" (19BZX003) phased achievement)

(Author: School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University; School of Marxism School of Zhejiang Normal University)