Foreign Marxist "daily life" criticism
October 29, 2020 09:08 Source: "China Social Sciences", October 29, 2020, Issue 2036 Author: Zhao Wen

After entering the 20th century,There is a trend that returns to "daily life" in Western thought tide。Hussel proposes to return to the daily "life world" proposition,It is pointed out that we need to ignore people in modern times,Human activity and worldization are about human、It has nothing to do with people、calculated、Essential established scientific thinking。In terms of linguistic philosophy,Wittgenstein also discovered the true nature of the "daily life" language,and establish the task of "bringing the use of words from the shape to the daily usage" for yourself。Following Husserl,Max Scholes, Olg Xuzi, etc. also applied the "daily life" to the method of sociological research,Point out the role of emotional and emotional factors in "daily life" in the construction of the world。

but,What the thesis of "daily life" is in -depth is Western Marxism。Western Marxist early representative Lukach gave "daily life" a very important theoretical status,Think of "daily life" as a field of human objectized products,Although it is the previous theory,But the foundation of the "theoretical" activity,This view is summarized in its later years of "Society's Existing Sports"。After that, Agneis Herle further played this topic,and tend to think that daily life is a "true" state in the sense of Bet365 app download ontology,As a source of criticism of capitalist alienation lifestyle。

If you look at it from another angle,The "alienation lifestyle" of capitalism is also "daily life",Although it is not "true"。The Frankfurt School cuts into the research and criticism of "daily life" from this perspective。On the one hand,Frankfurt theorists noticed,The daily life mechanism of capitalism is a supplementary mechanism for capitalist production,It makes the proletariat consciousness in daily entertainment,to delay the expected social revolution。Frankfurt School noticed this fact as early as the early 1930s,The school's early partner Siegfried Kracauer (SiegFried Kracauer) in the monograph "White Workers: A Latest Report from Germany" exactly pointed out the "" The Latest Report from Germany "to the" cultural facilities of daily consumption. "Comfort" role: "Just make rational adjustment in various factories,These venue facilities also rationalize the entertainment provided to non -handmade workers。... Volkswagen is indeed in these organizations and facilities、I feel very comfortable in their own work group。This is not the consideration of the business interests of the company's owner,but because of their own unconscious incompetence。They draw warmth between each other,Comfortable to each other,Because they cannot get rid of the fate of their unit as a member。"" On the other hand,The theorists of the Frankfurt School also realized,Daily mechanism bet365 Play online games for the overall composition of capitalist industry and cultural industry production,Not only does it form "liberalization" for people,And more terrible is,Industrialization、Mechanized、Divided daily life has lost people's true subjective,Makes traditional elegant life no longer possible。From the perspective of the theorists in the Frankfurt School,Alienated scientific and technological rational daily life and fascist "rational brutality" have common logic。If you say,Abado is more if you inspect "daily life" in philosophical criticism,So,British Marxists cut into the "daily life" angle, more "cultural sociology" care。"Culture Materialist" Raymond Williams in the book "Culture and Society",pointed out that "culture is ordinary",It is also dominated by the daily life of men and women in the society in unconscious。In the process of cultural formation,Culture itself plays the role of "separation" and "class division",and the concept of the social class that master the "dominant power" is imposed to the daily life and daily practice of the ruled disadvantaged class。

Whether it is the "liberalization" that the scholars of the Frankfurt School said,Or "cultural materialist" calls "dominant",Actually refers to the "ideological" rule contained in "daily life" itself。That is, while exploring the role of cultural leadership in Raymond Williams on the role of daily life,French critic Roland Bart has also begun to write bet365 live casino games the special short article of "Mythology this month" in "Les Letters Nouvelles",Reveal from the aspect of symbolic science to reveal the living daily use in "daily life" is exactly the symbol system with rhetoric function: it can refer to the ever -changing,but the same refers to,They all point to the bourgeoisie value and social customs,This constitutes a huge "contemporary myth",Silently implemented the silent rule。The so -called "myth" is the kind of value for man、Customs becomes the rhetoric process of "nature"。In the process of "myth" means in the process of production,The daily life in the cultural environment makes the cultural itself naturally: "Everything is deeply infused by this unknown concept ... Everything in daily life depends on the bourgeoisie's own and at the same time that we also have、The kind of reproduction of the relationship between people and the world。... the rules of behavior of the bourgeoisie have become a kind of unknown law of natural order。"This kind of utensils of the utensils of the utensils institutional ideology mythology,Features depicted as "ideological national machine" in Alduse。Alduse discovered the picture of "ideological state machine" and "daily life" from the perspective of structuralism: from family、School to church and other series of traditional "daily institutions",All are "ideological state machines",It works to supplement the "productive forces" and perform "production relations with reproduction"。

bet365 best casino games Of course,Some scholars are not so pessimistic about "daily life"。For example, Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certeau。Liefirvol prudently under the premise of its humanitarian theory,Analysis of phenomenology between "daily life" and "daily nature",Criticism of "triviality" and "boring" of daily life under capitalist worship is criticized as the starting point,revealed that in this daily appearance,Individual students have a sense of consciousness and the internal unimpreaned distance and alienation between the body,But at the same time, I did not give up the hope of transforming daily life,The practice transformation of daily life is the basic prerequisite for "the generation of people with a general person"。Michelle Desai cut into the perspective of "daily life",Obviously inspired by Foucault。Where Foucault,Society as a whole, although the individual is not trained at all times,But the individual can also form the "self -care" skills of the individual's own "self -care" in the rules。Similarly,Desai's understanding of "daily life",also surpassed the dual confrontation mode of the previous "liberalization/being liberalized" and "control/control"。From the opinion of Desai,"Everyday Life" is rather an individual's "daily life practice",The individual subject can "avoid" the rules and training forces in daily life through the practice of daily life。This evasion method of individual subjects can be seen everywhere bet365 Play online games in daily life,The resistance mode of being called "wig tactics" is a typical example: the individual deviates from the track in the rules of industrial society,Small -scale offending it,and continue the creativity of the individual's living in this way,For example, a secretary writes a love letter、A carpenters "borrow" the lathes of the factory to create a piece of furniture for their own living rooms.。Another "resistance method" is the control of the individual subject。In industrial society,Although consumption is the continuation of production,Although consumers are just a intermediary that continues this link,But as the main body,He can also consciously use consumer goods to carry out his own "production",Industrial products must no longer be accepted by consumers,On the contrary, consumers have sufficient rights to modify the product、Reform、Combination,so as to achieve your purpose and consumer intention,To create your own "territory"。

"Daily Life" Criticizing the discourse construction in the 20th century Western theory has strong ethical care,It also made a number of real "diagnosis" for the reality of Western society。But it is undeniable that,If the theory still does the theoretical work in the concept configuration of "Capital -Socialization/Cultural Industry — Work -Daily Life",What it can do is just "diagnosis",and it is almost difficult to achieve a quality leap in the ability of practice。

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