The Western academic community has always had a question of morality (or whether Marx has a moral philosophy) in Marx's philosophy，Then deny the possibility of Marx's philosophy and moral compatibility。This view is not only contrary to the core values ​​of socialism，and also destroy the legitimacy of the construction of Marxist ethics and political philosophy in the primary stage of socialism and even the new era。On this question，We must not only penetrate the "non -moral theory" represented by Wood, to advocate internal，Effective response to it，And need to establish "the moral demand of Marx philosophy" and its connotation in the view of the historical view of materialism。

For Allen Wood、Derrick Allen、Sean Seeds、Robert Tak、Richard Miller and other scholars who advocate Marx's philosophy "non -moral theory" (or "non -Taoistism") tend to，Marx philosophy, especially its materialist view and morality, is essentially compatible。Take the most representative Wood as an example，He believes in Marx's view，Although capitalism has obstructed "self -implementation、Security、Good health、Comfort、Community、Freedom "and other" non -morality "implementation，But they include "virtue、Right、Justice、Performance of Obligations and the Moral Quality of Morality "" morality "is fundamental different，Therefore, the basis and foothold of Marx's criticism of capitalism bet365 best casino games are not "moral good"，but "non -morality"。

Of course Wood and others do not deny that Marx has some moral or just theory，But they strictly distinguish the latter from the "virtue justice" in the ancient Greek period，I think it inherits in modern Locke、Rousseau、Kant、Feihit, etc. with justice as the "legal justice" category of "legal justice" for evaluating the social system and its virtue。Therefore, in Marx's view，"Justice is legal concept or legal concept，Is a concept that is linked to the rights and laws in accordance with the law。For them，The concept of rights and justice judge the law from the perspective of legal power、The most rational standard for social system and human behavior "。Obviously，According to the standard of Marx's materialist view，Legal rights and justice has been limited to the internal production relationship in the concept of capitalist production relations and adapted to it.，"The content of the legal relationship and the legal relationship between the legal standards is determined by the production relationship，The production relationship is also determined by the corresponding productivity "。Based on this logic，Is the question of whether the "capitalist system itself is justice" that exceeds the border of legal justice，Marx's moral evaluation lost its evaluation effect。Therefore, non -virtues asserted within the boundary of the production method of capitalism，Including the possession of the remaining value in the commodity exchange、The bourgeoisie of the labor force of the labor force to the proletariat，All Bet365 lotto review belong to the category of legal justice。Capitalists pay all the value of labor products，Therefore, the surplus value generated by using and exploiting this product is "that belongs to him but never belongs to anyone"。Capital's exploitation of labor is not only consistent with capitalist production methods，And if there is no such exploration，Capitalism will no longer exist。So say，Capitalist exploitation is justice。

Obviously，This "justice" view has been inherently integrated with the claim of capitalist exploitation with non -moralists。The distinction between morality and non -morality，Exploitation is also divided into "moral exploitation and non -moral exploitation"，Just as there are two different evils (moral evil and non -moral evil)。Therefore, although the exploitation is evil in Marx's view，But it is not always just right (moral)，Capitalist exploitation is evil，But it is justified because of "non -moralization"。

Non -moralists have obtained and strengthened the irrelevantness of historical materialism and morality and justice for the above reasons、Ethics is pure upside down and false ideology、Morality is an insignificant view in the socialist revolution。Opposition to this view in general，You can from G. A. Keheng、Joe Elst or Norman Jelas and others finds the basis for。But，First of all, the scientific method of "non -moral theory" is concerned，Just as some scholars pointed out，They don’t realize，Even in modern law and justice, there is a place where the existence between the ancient Greek virtue bet365 best casino games justice。Specifically，In ancient times，Acting behavior in line with virtue contains the meaning of each duty，This is originally the law and justice in the city -state，It is impossible to be illegal or non -righteous。In the tradition of legal justice and justice，Legal and law -abiding as justice cannot be non -moral，can only be related to moral internal related to some extent。From this we can imagine，Wood and other non -moralists who are informative and understand the history of modern legal justice and traditional ruling historical materialism，Pour the non -virtues and exploitation of its vision in the wrong way，Not related to non -righteousness，Instead of binding with justice，This is self -contradictory and unrelated in demonstration and logic in demonstration and logic.。

Followed by more importantly,，Although Marx fiercely criticizes all class morals, including capitalist morals，even attributed it to "ideology"，But we can’t reach the absolute conclusion to claim that Marx philosophy is essentially eliminating morality and value，Then it is completely valuable and neutral，It is also impossible to regard ideology as a false concept and upside -down consciousness that is completely opposed to science。Although Marx emphasizes "describing the true empirical science of people's practical activities and the actual development process", replacing "speculation" and "empty talk about consciousness"，But this empirical science cannot give people the freedom of people、Dignity and liberation，Even the subject's capacity of all forms Bet365 lotto review of people。opposite，"For the materialist of practice, that is, the communist，All the problems are to make the existing world revolutionize，Actually opposing and changing existing things "，Then truly realize human free union，Make human beings surpassing civic society in order to enter the "human society or society"。Therefore，Not only the freedom of historical materialism and human、Direct relevant related to dignity and liberation，And the freedom of this person who transcended class social borders、Dignity and liberation，Just like the justice and morality that transcended the class border of the class，It constitutes the indelible value orientation and humanistic care of Marx's philosophy。As Marx said，"Acknowledge the truth、Justice and morality are the basis for their relationship between them and to all people，instead of skin color、Belief or Nationality "，"The simple moral and just criterion that should follow the private relationship" is "supreme"。That's why，Not only decision theory and morality are a simplified understanding of Marx philosophy，And the internal unity of Chazzha Marx's philosophy and morality constitutes a complete historical materialism in a certain sense of "theoretical and practical unity"。It can be said that the freedom of people outside the class of class society、Promise of the value and moral dimension of dignity and liberation，To some extent, the spiritual essence of Marx's philosophy。Simple rejection of morality is obviously one of the fatal problems of non -moral theorists。

Bet365 app download In this sense，We emphasize，Moral demand is one of the basic dimensions of Marx philosophy。Combined with Marx text，In the dialectical evaluation of its doctoral dissertation on the view of the free view of Ishiku,，From the "On the Jewish Problem", the limit that the bourgeoise morality and justice can be achieved are regarded as the form of form and the immigrant political rights，In the "Introduction to" Hegel French Philosophy "Introduction", the "human rights" ("human liberation" state to be realized by the "people's height revolution" can be seen.，Marx philosophy contains another morality and justice that transcends bourgeois morality and justice，Even because of historical materialism, it has not yet arrived，The latter lacks effective objective foundation and scientific basis。and the form of "human society", "real community" and "union of free people" in texts such as the formal formation of historical materialism and its development period，It is the scientific foundation and historical support of Marx's philosophy.。Strive for the overall grasp of historical materialism，The historical premise of fully showing and excavating this moral appeal、Fundamental purpose and many connotations of realization，Regardless of the further enrichment and development of contemporary Marxist ethics and political philosophy，Still the issue of "Chinese Dream" that is expected to the people's expectations for a better life，All have extremely important academic value and practical significance。

　　bet365 Play online games

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Heilongjiang University)