In essence and reality，China’s path to modernization and social transformation are the process of China’s self-understanding，bet365 score the process of rediscovery of Chinese history，bet365 score also the process of reconstructing China’s modernization thoughts。A view of history with China as the subject and China as the object，is China’s national identity、The ideological basis of national identity and cultural identity，bet365 score an epistemology and methodology based on Chinese historical experience，bet365 score also the historical value of China’s self-evaluation。Start from this to study the nature of Chinese society，Exploring China’s development path and clarifying China’s social transformation methods，All should be developed around the characteristics of China’s history and reality，Chinese issues must be studied within China’s context and historical context，And fully reveal the social nature and social development of China that are different from the West。

In 1843, Marx proposed in a letter to Arnold Ruge: We do not face the world dogmatically with new principles，But to elucidate new principles for the world from the principles of the world。This is the fundamental proposition that determines the turn of Marx’s bet365 score。Philosophical principles come from the critical mind，Or from the century that produced it？It is deduced from an independent philosophical system woven from pure concepts，It is derived from the sum of the material and living relationships that people in each era have？Think about these questions，The philosophical revolution realized by Marx’s bet365 score derived from German classical bet365 score，Gives us profound inspiration。Recently，About Kant in the interpretation of Marx’s bet365 score、The dispute between Hegel’s two tendencies，Returning the German classical philosophical tradition to the perspective of Marxist philosophical research。We face the legacy of German classical bet365 score，Facing its ideological historical origins with Marx’s bet365 score，There is no doubt that we must clarify or explore the philosophical foundation and fundamental nature of Marx’s bet365 score with a critical and inherited attitude，Because the transcendence of Marx’s bet365 score in the history of bet365 score is not born out of nowhere or suspended。Must see，It is Marx’s bet365 score that was born out of German classical bet365 score，Ended the speculative direction of German classical bet365 score with a completely different realistic direction。bet365 score as "the complete movement of the entire movement since Kant"，The criteria for ideological construction proposed by Hegel based on the logical requirements of the evolution of the absolute spirit itself，Marx achieved a revolutionary leap based on the principle of historical materialism，This is to always build an ideological system based on real history、Explaining spiritual history。Therefore，When discussing the relationship between Marx’s bet365 score and the German classical philosophical tradition，Whether it is possible to expand the development of Marx’s bet365 score in the history of thought and reality，Are you able to notice one dimension of the real field or real problem，To avoid the intrusion of idealistic bet365 score or speculative bet365 score into the study of Marxist bet365 score and theoretical solutions to practical problems，The problem of becoming a bet365 score researcher。This not only directly touches on the understanding of the nature of Marx’s bet365 score，It also directly touches on the theoretical explanation of China’s socialist modernization path based on China’s experience。

Professor Li Deshun of China University of Political Science and Law clearly stated: We talk about the relationship between Marxist bet365 score and German classical bet365 score，You should look at German classical bet365 score from Marx’s perspective，Instead of using German classical bet365 score to dismember and reshape Marx’s bet365 score。This issue is a major substantive issue in the direction of our scholarship。The "20th Marx bet365 score Forum" with the theme of "Marx and the German Philosophical Tradition" was held at Shandong University on November 28-29, 2020，The forum is hosted by China Social Sciences Magazine、Hosted by the School of bet365 score and Social Development, Shandong University，Nearly 150 experts and scholars from major domestic universities and scientific research institutions attended the conference and focused on relevant topics such as "Marx and German Ideology", "Marx and German bet365 score", "Hegel and Marx bet365 score", "German Social and Political bet365 score" conducted an in-depth study。

　　The relationship between Marx and the ideal theory of German classical bet365 score

Marx pointed out when discussing Proudhon: "How superficially did he understand the secret of scientific dialectics，On the other hand, how much he agrees with the fantasy of speculative bet365 score，Because he does not regard economic categories as historical、The theoretical expression of production relations that is compatible with a certain development stage of material production，It is absurd to regard it as pre-existing、The concept of eternity。”It can be said，This kind of pre-existence that Marx said、The "philosophical concept theory" of eternal concepts will always haunt our minds。Looking for the empirical basis of thought，It is a common feature of materialist bet365 score。However，In the old materialism，This effort was unsuccessful，The reason is that its empirical basis is "abstract individuals"，without being in "restored history"。Historical Proof，It is impossible to reduce complex spiritual phenomena and thought forms to simple individual experiences。Therefore，In Marx’s view，“Real individuals” engaged in production activities are the premise of historical materialism。Only under this premise，History can be restored to the history of "production and life"，Individuals can also be individuals in real history，Various categories can also appear as "theoretical expressions of social relations"。In other words，As the core of Marx’s bet365 score, historical materialism has the function of historical analysis，It is a set of rigorous research methods。Historical materialism as a specific historical analysis method，One of the most important basic requirements is，Ask or answer any questions，They must be placed in a specific historical background and historical environment，Observe the conflicts of the research object from the specific contradictions and conflicts of society。From this，The realization of the problem became Marx’s ladder to reach the peak of German bet365 score。

Hegel once wrote an important sentence: "True thought and scientific insight，Can only be obtained through the labor of concepts。Only concepts can produce the universality of knowledge，The universality of the knowledge produced，On the one hand，Without the usual uncertainty and impoverishment of common sense，But formed and perfect knowledge，On the other hand，It is not the uncommon universality of rational talent that tends to be corrupted by the laziness and conceit of genius，But the truth that has developed to its original form，This truth can become the property of all conscious reason。”Hegel as the master of German classical bet365 score，Making publicity the speculative tradition of German bet365 score，His complete and huge philosophical system has also achieved the ultimate in speculative spirit。The problem is that Hegel said that only concepts can produce the universality of knowledge，Only in order to transcend the uncertainty and poverty of ordinary common sense，The "property of conscious rationality" left behind by this rational construction principle，Where is the mystery of its truth hidden？Because "human reason is the most impure，It only has incomplete insights，Every step you take, you will encounter new problems to be solved”。

Marxist bet365 score has achieved a reversal or transcendence of speculative bet365 score，But it retains an innate logical connection with it。Professor Wu Xiaoming of Fudan University thinks，Marx’s theory is deeply related to German idealism。For example, the principle of "objective activity" was completed from Kant to Hegel，This leads to conceptual subjectivism and formalism。The concept of this activity，Firstly related to Kant’s pure activity of self-consciousness，Later related to Hegel’s self-activity。He believes that German idealism, on the one hand, constitutes the philosophical backing of the entire German ideology，But on the other hand it offers a great legacy，The perspective that this heritage is the reality of social history。Hegel’s students were overwhelmed by their teacher’s great creation，It was Marx who unprecedentedly injected the idea of ​​social and historical reality into philosophical theory，And constitutes the direct premise of Marx’s grand theoretical narrative。

When we talk about Marx’s bet365 score in the history of ideas，The intertwined relationship between criticism and inheritance of different natures，It is natural to cause some controversy and disagreement in the process of sorting out the history of ideas。Participating scholars discussed Marx’s bet365 score and Kant in German classical bet365 score、The question of Hegel’s origins is discussed，Wu Xiaoming tends to historical materialism and goes back to Hegel，There are no considerations of substance or real life in Kant；Professor Wang Nanshi of Nankai University is related to Kant，Considering that Marx transcended Hegel’s infinite subject on the one hand，On the other hand, it reconstructs the limited role of Kant’s bet365 score with the help of Hegel’s dialectics of agency，Thus achieving the unification of roles in Kant’s bet365 score，Solved the question of how it is possible to effectively transform the world。He emphasized: The academic circles’ concerns about Kant in the interpretation of Marx’s bet365 score、The dispute between Hegel’s two tendencies，It is not just a dispute over pure theoretical interests，It is rooted in the awareness of problems in real life in contemporary China，That is, all parties to the argument are thinking in the same state of existence，They are all aware of the living conditions based on thinking。He pointed out，Both parties in the debate clearly realize that the mission that researchers in Chinese bet365 score must undertake today is to make Chinese philosophical research closer to China’s reality，Play a serious role in advancing the plot in a philosophical drama。

In related ductility discussion，Professor Wang Shizhong of Nankai University obtained a "near-Kantian" interpretation through Engels' theory of historical synergy，Think that in the history of the development of Marx’s bet365 score，Engels’ theory of historical synergy has long had two explanation paths，In the opposition between intellectualism and voluntarism，Following Kant’s distinction between “pure practical reason” and “impure finite rational beings”，Seeking possible new integrated methods，It is the direction of advancement of Kant’s right bet365 score，It is also the research direction of theories related to Marx’s bet365 score。Professor Li Dianlai of Wuhan University talked about some controversial issues related to Marx’s political bet365 score and the principles of Marx’s political bet365 score，Think that it is different from most other political bet365 score theories，One of the most fundamental principles on which Marx’s political bet365 score is formed is the principle of historicity。Professor Xia Ying of Tsinghua University in the discussion of Marx and ideal theory，Built a huge architectural framework，Trying to discuss the entire process of Marx’s sublation of the Western idealistic tradition，The scope of discussion is rich and interesting。

The theoretical tension itself reflects the richness and activity of the field of intellectual history research。The generation of principles is not the objective concept of things that constitutes the things themselves。This involves a fundamental issue in the history of bet365 score，The origin of the principle。The presupposition that bet365 score governs "universal history"，The philosophical spirit introduces rational purposes into the operation of the world，Introducing teleological principles into universal history，This is the "organized statement" and "serious judgment" view of history that German classical bet365 score, especially Hegel's bet365 score of history, aims to achieve with "universal principles"。The problem is，“Hegel is empirical、Open history and internal speculation、Hidden history happened。The history of mankind has become the history of abstract spirit，Thus it becomes the history of the human other side spirit that is separated from real people”。Ideological system、Philosophical principles cannot be separated from the history of human perceptual material activities in this world，History specifically determines the philosophical nature of an ideological system，Instead of going towards the mysterious nature of "speculative point of view"。

　　Dialectics and Marxist bet365 score

Engels said，Following the French Revolution in the 18th century，The emergence of modern German bet365 score，And it was completed in Hegel。"Its greatest achievement，It is to restore dialectics, the highest form of thinking。”Research on dialectics，In the past, more attention was paid to the comparative study of Marx’s and Hegel’s dialectics，Now the focus turns to exploring the dialectical thought in "Das Kapital"，This has arisen with the resurgence of research on "Das Kapital" since the 21st century。Scholars generally believe，"Das Kapital" is not just Marx's economic work，Also a philosophical work。Therefore，Re-examining dialectics from the perspective of critical political economy，There is a different harvest。In this perspective，Most of the research in the previous stage believed that，Understanding of Marx’s dialectical thought，Start with criticism of its political economy，We may be able to glimpse the ontological basis of its dialectics，And then by determining this ontological basis，Provides a source of ideas for us to truly grasp the transformation of the principal contradiction in Chinese society。Professor Wang Qingfeng of Jilin University thinks，Marx’s “Das Kapital” is actually the “logic” of the capital movement，This is the logic of capital movement grasped by Marx in the economic category，It is also the product of the determination of reality grasped by Marx through the determination of thinking。Fundamentally speaking，The issues dealt with by Marx’s dialectics are social and historical development issues。Professor Wu Xiaoming said: For Marx，Dialectics must also be the self-movement of entities，It is the unfolding process of the substantial content itself，This substantial content is society，In the perspective of Marx’s critique of political economy，This society is capitalist society。For contemporary China，The modern situation of Chinese society，Not only makes China a modern country，And it will open up the possibility of a new type of civilization。Professor Luo Qian of Renmin University of China also tried to use the capital category as the basis，Discuss the subject-object dialectic of modernity。He proposed，The basic nature of Marx’s critique of political economy，It is the ontological anatomy and ontological criticism of modern history with capital as the essential category，The purpose is to reveal the historical limits of modern liberation，And explore the future development direction of mankind。To be specific，We can start from the inherent relationship between the category of capital and the dialectics of modernity，Revealing the dialectics of real social history，That is, the dialectics of time and space with capital as the essential category and the abstract and concrete dialectics in the provisions of capital。

This conference starts from the perspective of German classical bet365 score，Integrating representational dialectics with the perspective of the German philosophical tradition。Professor Chen Lixin of East China Normal University proposed that the meaning of Hegelian dialectics is constantly produced and presented in reading and use，The difference between Marx and Hegel can only be clarified in the ontology，Marx’s utilization of Hegel’s ideological resources can truly be revealed without any concealment。Marx highly valued and completely transformed Hegel’s negative dialectics as a driving principle and a creative principle，Explains a reasonable scientific attitude towards Hegel’s bet365 score，Exhibits the essence of materialist dialectics。Professor Tang Zhengdong of Nanjing University thinks，Start with "German Ideology"，Marx and Engels regarded the exploration of the dialectical unity of the general laws of the development of human history and the special laws of the development of specific social forms as the proper meaning of historical materialism。In Capital，This theoretical feature is demonstrated through the scientific methodology of capitalism criticism。It was by relying on this dialectical interpretation perspective that Marx and Engels surpassed other thinkers of the same period in interpreting the historical perspective。

Of course，Perspectives related to labor in the critique of political economy are still not absent when discussing dialectics。From this perspective，Professor Bu Xiangji of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics thinks，Start from the basis of realistic observation，When Marx proposed the labor dialectics，The target is not a partial system in the phenomenology of spirit，In fact, it is the overall structure of spiritual phenomenology，And the entire philosophical work unfolded as the overall structure of the phenomenology of spirit，This is a knowledge system。The so-called dialectics of spiritual labor，It is the dialectics of the subject，After Marx flipped it，Becomes a real individual labor dialectic。The origin of Marx’s labor dialectics，It is the sublation of Hegel’s negative dialectics，Therefore the tradition of Marx’s practical bet365 score cannot be traced back to Aristotle。Professor Yang Haifeng of Peking University discussed the important issue of distinguishing production logic and capital logic，He believes that Hegel uses the ontology of labor to construct his thinking，The biggest difference between Marx and Marx is that he constructed Capital based on the logic of capital。Professor Bai Gang of Jilin University believes that Hegel is the only philosopher in German classical bet365 score who seriously studies political economy，His view of labor is deeply influenced by classical political economics，With the color of spiritual phenomenology，At the same time, there are traces of the abstract labor theory of value of classical political economy。Marx’s view of labor not only transcends the labor theory of value of classical political economy，Also transcends Hegel’s view of labor，Essentially a kind of labor dialectics。

Extended discussion on dialectics，The connection and interaction between thought and reality，All must pass "Problem Awareness"，Finding unity in value principles and scientific principles，Of course this is also a dialectic。"Dialectics，In its reasonable form，…The positive understanding of existing things also includes the negative understanding of existing things，That is, the understanding bet365 score inevitable demise of existing things；Dialectic treats every established form out of constant movement，Thus it is also understood from its temporary aspect；Dialectics does not worship anything，According to its essence，It is critical and revolutionary。”Through Marx’s description of dialectics，We can realize from this，The inherent connection between dialectics and criticism is，Dialectic in criticism，Criticism in dialectics。The integration of academics and ideas，Based on dialectics and more importantly through critical methods，Realize the dialectical unity bet365 score object scale of academics and the subject scale of thought。

　　bet365 score and the Young Hegelians

Through the development trajectory of Marx’s bet365 score，We see，“Where speculation ends，In front of real life，This is where the real empirical science that describes people’s practical activities and actual development processes begins”。Through reflection and criticism on the disintegration process of the Young Hegelians，Use political economics to deepen philosophical thinking into civil society，The fundamental transformation from the critical discourse of the "Holy Family" and "poverty of bet365 score" to the dialectical and historical materialist constructive discourse，Marx’s declaration-like conclusion in “The German Ideology”，It can truly be called a paradigm shift that represents a philosophical revolution。Because “the talk about consciousness will end，They will definitely be replaced by real knowledge”。The academic tradition Marx created throughout his life，Profoundly reveals the social relationship basis and institutional nature of the reality of capitalism，The roots of ownership that enable the proletariat to truly understand its historical position，Indicates the social and historical conditions and realistic paths to realize human liberation，Thus completely shifting from speculative bet365 score to practical bet365 score，From bet365 score that explains the world to bet365 score that changes the world。

Marx’s theoretical construction has a process，Marx once expressed the path of theoretical construction in the preface to the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844": He was not satisfied with mixing the criticism of Hegel's speculative views with the criticism of various materials themselves into one This work，He felt that this form would give the impression of an arbitrary manufacturing system。In view of this consideration，Marx thought it best to treat the law separately in the form of separate pamphlets、Ethics、Criticize politics, etc.，Use another critical work to outline the criticism of idealist speculative bet365 score。After May-June 1844，Marx has put economic research at the top of the list。Since September 1844 due to the need to counterattack the Young Hegelians，Marx began to combine the materialist worldview that explained the new revolution with the idealist worldview that criticized the Young Hegelians and other representatives of the German bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie，The iconic result is "German Ideology"。

The relationship between Marx and the Young Hegelians was re-discussed in different contexts by many young scholars during the conference discussion。Professor Zang Fengyu of Renmin University of China starts from the perspective of enlightenment，believes that Marx absorbed the essence of the Enlightenment thought of the Young Hegelians，And finally walked out of the barriers of traditional enlightenment inertia，Opened a unique philosophical tradition，Making philosophical ideas into reality，In this sense, a new ideological enlightenment has been opened。actually，Marx transcended the Young Hegelians from a practical perspective。Due to the material interests difficulties Marx encountered，Made him realize the unreality of Hegel’s bet365 score in the face of real politics。The more he wants theoretical criticism to make a difference in reality，The more realistic resistance you will encounter。So，Marx quickly grasped two key issues: First, the role of the proletariat in revolution，The second is the background of the development of modern industry and commerce。Professor Zhou Jiaxin of Nanjing University discussed the "Young Engels" in the problem field of the formation of Marxist bet365 score，Considering the discovery of economic facts as a decisive historical force，Explanation of the current situation and historical status of the industrial proletariat，On the Young Hegelians and the principles of utopian socialist theory、Criticism of the abstract nature of concepts，Constitutes another path for Engels to move toward historical materialism。Associate researcher Han Meng of the Institute of bet365 score, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences thinks，The relationship between Marx and the Young Hegelians needs to be presented in the context of German modernization，The criticism of religious bet365 score experienced in the theoretical movement of the Young Hegelians、The establishment of the German-French alliance、The differences between political revolution and social revolution、German interpretation of socialism，Both reflect the members of the school’s exploration and solutions to the problems of German modernization。This ideological context and its interaction with Marx，Can provide a new perspective for understanding the significance of Marx’s philosophical changes。

　　Contemporary Chinese Marxist bet365 score unfolding in the history of thought and reality

The Marxist bet365 score Forum has been held for twenty years，The forum played an important role in promoting the modernization of Marxist bet365 score research，The physical and chemical expression of practical problems also plays a leading role in exploration。Discuss the German philosophical tradition and the current situation of Marxist bet365 score，Conference thinks，Marxist bet365 score Today，To avoid the impact of pure idealism，Facing real problems、Providing theoretical solutions is the nature and mission of Marx’s bet365 score；From Kant’s proposition that “man is the end” in “Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals”，To Marx’s proposal of “realistic man”，To General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposal of “a community with a shared future for mankind”，Today we are facing a "technological living world"，How to grasp the way of human existence、The development model of society and common interactions in world history，This is an unavoidable question in the study of Marx’s bet365 score。Marx said，"The situation in Germany at the end of the 18th century is completely reflected in Kant's Critique of Practical Reason"。This is Marx’s high evaluation of the way bet365 score grasps reality。Whether it is the three major criticisms or the phenomenology of spirit，“The entire movement since Kant completed bet365 score”，As a classic, its awareness of issues has changed with the changes of the times，But the way bet365 score grasps the world in the classics still has classic significance。How post-Marx scholars reflect the issues of the times in bet365 score，The most practical voice on how to express your mental state in a philosophical way，We can still draw meaningful lessons from the classics。We are moving away from dependence on Western academic paths，Towards academic autonomy、Confidence in theory，Inspired by using Chinese theory to interpret Chinese practice，Scholars have created many impassioned theories and world-shaking words。Hope，After the passion and construction of theory，We look back at the world’s knowledge system、The picture of human thought，Chinese scholars hold important seats。So，The mission and responsibility of Chinese academics，Requires us to face major changes unseen in a century，Must answer the questions of the times，And condense this answer into an iconic and universal concept and academic system。Without a doubt，There is no one-size-fits-all modernization model in the world，There is no modern standard that is universally applicable。We will start a new theoretical era。We will go from the Chinese road from a global perspective or the world significance of the Chinese road to the characteristics and connotation of China’s socialist modernization，This theoretical construction with Chinese characteristics、Realistic planning and future expectations will demonstrate our theoretical height to the international academic community。

Here，The academic independence of studying China issues must be emphasized again。History is an open book of human practice，Rather than the accumulation of academic concepts and theoretical sentences in Western texts，In an academic context that relies heavily on Western ideological systems，The understanding and solutions to China’s modernization issues are in many ways dictated by the Western historical development model。Various politics derived from Western history、Economic、Cultural、Ethical versions all tell a story related to the West。Therefore，In essence and reality，China’s path to modernization and social transformation are the process of China’s self-understanding，bet365 score the process of rediscovery of Chinese history，bet365 score also the process of reconstructing China’s modernization thoughts。A view of history with China as the subject and China as the object，is China’s national identity、The ideological basis of national identity and cultural identity，bet365 score an epistemology and methodology based on Chinese historical experience，bet365 score also the historical value of China’s self-evaluation。Start from this to study the nature of Chinese society，Exploring China’s development path and clarifying China’s social transformation methods，All should be developed around the characteristics of China’s history and reality，Chinese issues must be studied within China’s context and historical context，And fully reveal the social nature and social development of China that are different from the West。

Imagine China’s realistic changes based on China’s historical characteristics and historical experience，It is an imagination of China’s future based on the dual premise of China’s history and reality。The great practice of reform and opening up and the Chinese experience formed by this practice、China’s road has gained widespread attention in the world。This requires the theoretical and academic circles to deeply study the historical logic、Theoretical significance and academic basis。should be emphasized，The historical mission carried by the basic character of Marxist theory，Requires Marxist theory to provide a philosophical perspective with worldview and methodology to capture the problems bet365 score contemporary world and contemporary China。Constructing a spiritual system in the speculative world，On the surface of social life, it becomes an empty theoretical narrative，Exegetical exegesis in pure text，These are far from the basic spirit of Marxist theory。

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the true embodiment of the practical and theoretical logic of China’s modernization，It is the Chinese people’s profound expression of the spirit of the times，It is also the leading banner for contemporary Chinese academics to go global。The history of China’s reform and opening up，The strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes in the world unseen in a century，Provides opportunities for thinkers to create theories。The Marxist bet365 score Forum is still looking forward to the true transformation of discourse methods and research methods in Marxist bet365 score circles，The time when scholarship truly embeds scholarship into the very nature of society in which we exist，Profoundly reveal the historical logic and theoretical significance hidden in it，Grasp our times in thought。

　　(Author’s unit: Marxist Theory Department of bet365 score Social Sciences Magazine)