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In 1843 Marx made a letter to Alino Luger: We do not have a dogmatic way to the world with new principles，Instead of explaining the new principle of the world from the principles of the world。This is the fundamental proposition that determines the turning of Marx's philosophy。The principle of philosophy is the brain of critical，still from the century of it? It is interpreted from the independent philosophy system weaving，Or is it from the sum of the living relationship between people in each era? Think about these problems，The philosophical revolution in the philosophy of Marx philosophy from the German classical philosophy，Give us deep revelation。Recent，Kant in the interpretation of Marx's philosophy、Hegel's two tendency disputes，Make the German classical philosophy tradition return to the vision of Marx's philosophy research again。We faced the heritage of German classical philosophy，Faced with the origin of the ideas of thought with Marx's philosophy，Undoubtedly to clarify or explore the philosophical basis and fundamental nature of the philosophy of Marx，Because the transcendence of Marx's philosophy in the history of philosophy is not the birth or suspension of the world。You must see，It is precisely the Marx philosophy that is born in German classical philosophy，With a completely different reality path, the way to the way of Surprising German philosophy of Germany。As "the philosophy completed since Kant"，British Code proposed by the logical requirements of Hegel based on absolute spiritual evolution，Realizing a transformation leap in the historical view of materialism in Marx，This is to always stand on the basis of reality history to build an ideological system、Explanation of spiritual history。​​So，When discussing the relationship between Marx philosophy and German classical philosophy tradition，Can you expand the development of Marx philosophy in the history of thought and reality，Can you notice the one -dimension of real or actual problems，Avoid the study of philosophy of conceptual or theory of speculative philosophy into the research of Marx's philosophy and theoretical answers to realistic questions，Difficulty of becoming a philosophical researcher。This is not only directly touching the understanding of Marx's philosophy，It also directly touches the theoretical interpretation of Chinese socialist modernization based on Chinese experience。

Professor Li Dushun of China University of Political Science and Law clearly proposed that we talk about the relationship between Marx philosophy and German classical philosophy，It should be standing at Marx's standpoint to see German classical philosophy，instead of using German classical philosophy to dispel and reshape Marx philosophy。This question is a major substantial problem in our schooling direction。November 28-29, 2020, "Twenty Marx Philosophy Forum" with the theme of "Marx and German philosophy", was held at Shandong University，The forum is hosted by the China Social Sciences Magazine、Hosted by the School of Philosophy and Social Development of Shandong University，Nearly 150 participating experts and scholars from major domestic universities and scientific research institutions around the "Marx and German concepts", "Marx and German philosophy", "Hegel and Marx philosophy", "German social and political philosophy" In -depth discussion。

　　The relationship between Marx and German classical philosophy

Marx pointed out when talking about Pulu East: "How superficial understanding his secrets of scientific dialectics，On the other hand, how much he agrees with the fantasy of speculative philosophy，Because he does not treat the economic category as history、Theoretical expression of production relations compatible with material production at a certain development stage，but ridiculous to see it as pre -existence、Eternal concept。"" "，This pre -existence that Marx said、The "philosophical concept theory" of eternal concept will always entangle our minds。Finding the experience of thinking，The common feature of materialist philosophy。bet365 live casino games But，Where the old materialism is there，This effort is unsuccessful，The reason is that its experience is "abstract individual"，but not in the "history of restore"。History proof，It is impossible to restore complex spiritual phenomena and ideological forms as simple individual experience。​​So，From Marx's view，The "real individual" engaged in production activities is the prerequisite for the historical view of materialism。Only under this premise，History can be restored to the history of "production and life"，Individuals can also be an individual in real history，In various categories, it can also appear as "theoretical expression of social relations"。That is to say，Historical materialism as the core of Marx philosophy has a function of historical analysis，Is a rigorous research method。Historical materialism as a specific historical analysis method，The most important basic requirement is，Ask or answer any questions，All must be placed in a specific era background and historical environment，Conflict on the research objects from the specific contradictions of society。From this，The realization of the question becomes the stairs of Marx on the peak of German philosophy。

Hegel once wrote an important thing: "Real thoughts and scientific insights，Only when the labor does through the concept can be obtained。Only concepts can the universality of knowledge，The generality of this kind of knowledge generated by it，On the one hand，Neither the common uncertainty and poorness of all common knowledge，Instead of forming and complete knowledge，On the other hand，It is not the kind of uncommon generality that the rational talent that is corrupted because of the laziness and arrogance of genius，but the truth that has developed to the original form，This truth can become a conscious and rational property。"Hegel is the master of German classical philosophy，Make the speculative tradition of German philosophy can be publicized，His complete and huge philosophical system also realizes the extreme of the spirit of speculation。The problem is that what Hegel said is that only concepts can produce knowledge universal，Only in order to surpass the uncertainty and lack of common knowledge，The "Conscious and Reasonable Property" left by the principles of rational construction，Where is the mystery of truth hidden? Because "Human rationality is the most impure，It only has incomplete insights，Every time you take a new problem to be solved "。

Marx's philosophy has realized flipping or surpassing speculative philosophy，But inner land has a congenital logic contact with it。Professor Wu Xiaoming of Fudan University believes，Marx's doctrine is deeply related to German concepts。For example, the principle of "objective activity" is exactly by Kant to Hegel，This leads to subjectiveism and formalism in conceptual theory。The concept of this activity，First associated with Kant's self -consciousness，Later, it was associated with Hegel's self -activity。He believes that although the German conceptual theory constitutes the backing of the philosophy of the entire German ideology，But on the other hand, it provides a great legacy，This heritage is the point of view of the reality of social history。The students of Hegel are at a loss for the great creation of the teacher，It is Marx's history of unprecedentedly injecting the real history of social history into the philosophical theory，and constitute the direct premise of Marx's grand theoretical narrative。

We talk about Marx's philosophy in the history of thought，The relationship between criticism and inheritance of different natures intertwined，During the history of thought history, some controversy and differences are natural。Scholars participating scholars are Kant in Marx Philosophy and German classical philosophy、Hegel's source of the source was discussed，Wu Xiaoming tends to go back to Hegel，There is no consideration of entity or real life in Kant; Professor Wang Nanyu University of Nankai University is related to Kant，Think that Marx surpasses Hegel's infinite subject，On the other hand, with the help of Hegel's dynamics dialectics, the limited role of Kant philosophy，Therefore, the role of the role of Kant's philosophy is unified，solved the possible problems that effectively transform the world。He emphasized: Bet365 lotto review Kant in the academic community about the interpretation of Marx's philosophy、Hegel's two tendency disputes，It is not just a contention of the theoretical interest，but rooted in the problem of problems in real life of contemporary Chinese，That is，Also realized the survival state based on thinking。He pointed out，Controversy clearly realizes that the mission that Chinese philosophical researchers must assume today are how to make Chinese philosophical research closer to China，Seriously plays a role to promote the development of the plot in philosophical drama。

In related ductility discussions，Professor Professor Wang Shizhong of Nankai University obtained the "Kangde" interpretation through Engels History.，It is believed that in the history of the development of Marx's philosophy，Engels Historical Express theory has two explanations for a long time，In the opposition between rationalism and will,，The distinction between Kant's "Pure Practical Reason" and "Unrealistic Limited Reasonable Existence"，Seeking possible new comprehensive methods，It is both the direction of the philosophy of Kant's legal power，It is also the research on the theory of Marx's philosophy related theory。Professor Li Yilai, Wuhan University, talked about some debate issues related to Marx's political philosophy and the principles of Marx's political philosophy，It is believed to be different from most other political philosophy theories，Marx's political philosophy from one of the most fundamental principles formed is the historic principle。Professor Xia Ying of Tsinghua University in the discussion of Marx and conceptual theory，Building a huge system framework，Try to discuss Marx's entire discarding process of Western conceptual tradition，Rich and interesting domain。

Theoretical tension itself reflects the richness and activity of the research field of ideological history。The production of the principle is not the objective concept of things constitutes the thing itself。This involves a fundamental problem in the history of philosophy，The root cause of the principle。Philosophy dominated "universal history" preset，The spirit of the philosophy will introduce a rational purpose to the world operation，Principles of the purpose of introducing goals to universal history，This is the "organized statement" and "serious judgment" of the "general principles" and "serious judgment" of the historical philosophy of German classical philosophy, especially Hegel's historical philosophy,。The question lies in，"Hegel is in experience、Public historical interior to make speculation、Hidden history。Human history has become the history of abstract spirit，Therefore, it becomes the history of human beings from the other side of human beings with the spirit of human beings. "。Ideological System、The principles of philosophy cannot be separated from the history of the perceptual material activity of people on this shore world，History specifically determines the philosophical nature of the ideological system，instead of the mysterious nature of "speculative viewpoint" in the opposite。

　　Dialectics and Marx philosophy

Engels said，Following the French Revolution in the 18th century，Modern German philosophy produced，and completed it with Hegel。"Its maximum achievement，It is the highest form of thinking for dialectics。"Research on Dialectics，Compare research on the dialectics of Marx and Hegel in the past，Now the hotspot is turned to the dialectical thinking in "Capital"，This is the emergence of the rise of the "Capital" research since the 21st century.。Scholars generally think，"Capital" is not just Marx's economics works，It is also a philosophical work。Therefore，Re -examine Dialectics from the perspective of criticism of political economy，With a different kind of harvest。Under this perspective，Research in the previous stage mostly thinks，Understanding of Marx's dialectics thinking，Start with the criticism of its political economy，We may see the basics of the ontology of the dialectics，By determining the basis of this body theory，Provide the source of ideas for us to truly grasp the transformation of the main contradictions of Chinese society。Professor Wang Qingfeng of Jilin University believes，Marx's "Capital" is actually the "logic" Bet365 app download of the capital movement，This is the logic of the capital movement grasped by Marx in the economic category，It is also the product that Marx is grasped by the real regulations。Fundamental speaking，The problem handled by the dialectics of Marx is the development of social history。Professor Wu Xiaoming said: For Marx，Dialectics must also be the self -movement of the entity，is the development process of the physical content itself，This physical content is society，In the field of vision of the criticism of Marx's political economy，This society is a capitalist society。For contemporary China，Modern situation in Chinese society，Not only makes China a modern country，and the possibility of a new type of civilization will be opened。Professor Luo Yan of Renmin University of China also tried to take the capital category，Discussing the Dialectics of the Master and Guest of Modernity。He proposed，Basic nature of the criticism of Marx's political economy，It is the existence of the existence of modern history with capital as the essence of capital and criticism of existence theory，The purpose is to reveal the historical limit of modern liberation，and explore the future development direction of human beings。Specific words，It can start from the internal relationship between the capital category and the dialectics of modernity，Dialectics of revealing the history of real society，That is, the dialectics of time and space in the scope of capital as the essential category and space regulations。

From the perspective of German classical philosophy，Breeding dialectics with the traditional vision of German philosophy。Professor Chen Lixin of East China Normal University proposed the significance of Hegel's dialectics.，Only the difference between Marx and Hegel in the existence theory，The use of Marx's use of Hegel's ideological resources can truly appear without cover。Marx's high evaluation and completely transformed the dialectics of Hegel's principle of promoting and creative principles，Elaborate the scientific attitude towards Hegel's philosophy，Show the essence of materialist dialectics。Professor Tang Zhengdong of Nanjing University believes，Start with "German Ideology"，Marx Engels, the dialectical and uniform discussion of the general laws of human history and the development of specific social forms is deemed to have the right meaning of the historical view of materialism。In "Capital"，This theoretical characteristics are displayed through the scientific methodology of capitalist criticism。Marx Engels is an interpretation of the contemporary contemporary interpretation of the contemporary contemporaries with such a dialectical interpretation perspective。

Of course，Labor -related perspectives in criticism of political economy will still not miss the field when discussing dialectics。From this angle，Professor Bu Xiangji of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics believes，Start from the basics of real observation，When Marx proposed the labor dialectics，It is not aimed at some systems in spiritual phenomenology，Actually it is the overall structure of psychological phenomenology，and the philosophy of philosophy based on the overall structure of psychic phenomenology，This is a knowledge system。Dialectics of so -called mental labor，is the dialectics of the subject，After Marx's flipping it，Become a Dialectic Law of Real Personal Personal Personal。The root cause of Marx Labor Dialectics，It is the abandonment of Hegel's negative dialectics，Therefore, the tradition of Marx's practical philosophy cannot go back to Aristotle。Professor Yang Haifeng of Peking University discovered the important meaning of distinguishing the production logic and capital logic，He believes that Hegel builds his own thinking with labor ontology，and the biggest difference between Marx and it is that capital theory is constructed with the premise of capital logic。Professor Bai Gang of Jilin University believes that Hegel is the only philosopher who seriously studies political economics in German classical philosophy，Its outlook on labor has been profoundly affected by classical political economics，Color with psychological phenomenology，Traces of the theory of abstract labor value theory with classical political economy。Marx's outlook on labor not only surpass bet365 Play online games the theory of labor value of classical political economy，Also surpass Hegel's outlook on labor，It is essentially a labor dialectics。

Discussion on Dialectics，Through the penetration and interaction of thought and reality，All must be through "Problem Consciousness"，Find unity in the principles of value and scientific principles，Of course it is also a dialectical method。"Dialectics，In its reasonable form，... the understanding of the current affirmation of the existing things also includes the understanding of the negation of the existing things，That is the understanding of the inevitable demise of the existing things; the dialectical law is constant exercise for each formal form，Therefore, it is also understood from its temporary aspect; dialectics does not worship anything，According to its essence，It is a critical and revolutionary。"The description of the dialectical method through Marx，We can recognize it from it，The internal connection between dialectics and critical is，Dialectics in criticism，Critics in dialectics。The penetration of academic and thought，Based on dialectics is more in a critical way，Unity of dialectics of the object scale of academic objects and thoughts。

　　Marx and Youth Hegel School

Tracks developed through Marx's philosophy，We see，"Place where speculation terminates，In front of real life，It is the place where people's practical activities and actual development processes are the real empirical science start "。Reflection and criticism through reflection and criticism of the interpretation process of the young Hegel faction，Daing the philosophical thinking of philosophical thinking through political economics，Critical discourse from "Sacred Family" and "Philosophy Poverty" to dialectical historical materialism constructive discourse，This declaration of Marx in "German Ideology"，Only to really be called a paradigm conversion of the philosophical revolution。Because "The empty talk about consciousness will terminate，They will definitely be replaced by real knowledge "。Marx's academic tradition created in his life，Deeply reveals the social relationship foundation and its institutional nature of capitalist reality，Make the proletariat really realize the root cause of the ownership of the historical status，It indicates the social and historical conditions and practical paths of human liberation，So as thoroughly shifted from speculative philosophy to practical philosophy，Shin from explaining the philosophy of the world to the philosophy of changing the world。

Marx's theoretical construction has a process，Marx has expressed the path of theoretical construction in the preface of "1844 Manuscript of Economics of Economics": he was not satisfied with the criticism of the criticism of the speculative views on Hegel and the criticism of various materials itself. This book，He thinks that this form will give people an impression of any manufacturing system。In view of this consideration，Marx believes that it is best to treat the law in the form of a separate booklet、Ethics、Politics, etc.，Under an overview of a critical book overview Criticism of idealism and philosophy。After May -June 1844，Marx has mentioned economic research the first place。Since September 1844, the young Hegel School needs to fight back，Marx began to combine the newly revolutionary materialist worldview with the critical youth Hegel and the German bourgeoisie and the petty bourgeoisie.，Its iconic results are "German Ideology"。

The relationship between Marx and youth Hegel faction was placed in different backgrounds by many young scholars in the meeting discussion。Professor Zang Fengyu of Renmin University of China starts from the perspective of enlightenment，Think that Marx has learned the essence of the young Hegel's enlightenment thought，and finally got out of the barriers of the traditional enlightenment inertia，Open a unique philosophical tradition，Make the philosophy concept into reality，In this sense, I opened a new ideological enlightenment。Actually，Marx surpassed the youth Hegel School from the perspective of practice。Because of the material interests encountered by Marx，It made him realize that Hegel's philosophy is unrealistic in front of real politics。The more he wants to think about Bet365 app download the actions in reality，The more you will encounter real resistance。So，Marx quickly seized two key issues: First, the role of the proletariat in the revolution，Second is the background of the era of modern industrial and commercial development。Professor Zhou Jiaxin of Nanjing University discussed the "Youth Engels" in the problem domain of Marxist philosophy，Discovery of the decisive historical force of economic facts，Explanation of the current situation of the industrial proletariat and its historical status，Principles in the theory of young Hegel and Socialism、Abstract criticism of concept，another path that constitutes Engels to move towards the historical view of materialism。Associate Researcher Han Meng, the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes，The relationship between Marx and youth Hegel needs to be presented in the German modernization situation，Religious philosophy criticized in the theoretical movement of youth Hegel School、Establishment of the German and French Alliance、Different from the political revolution and social revolution、Socialist German interpretation，All reflect the exploration and answer of the members of the school on the modernization of Germany。This kind of thought context and its interaction with Marx，Can provide a new perspective for understanding the meaning of Marx's philosophical change。

　　Contemporary Chinese Marx Philosophy in the history of thought and reality

The Marx Philosophy Forum is held for 20 years，The forum played an important role in the process of promoting the era of Marx's philosophy.，Learning expression of realistic problems also played a role in leading the exploration。Discuss the status quo of German philosophy tradition and Marx philosophy，Meeting thinks，Today's Marx philosophy，Avoid impact of pure conceptual theory，Faced with real problems、Give the theoretical answer is the nature and mission of Marx's philosophy; from Kant in "The Principles of Morality and School"，Go to Marx to propose "real person"，To General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed "Community of Human Destiny"，Today we face the "technical life world"，How to grasp the way of people's existence、Social development model and universal communication in world history，This is an unavoidable problem for Marx's philosophical research。Marx said，"The situation in Germany at the end of the 18th century is completely reflected in Kant's practical criticism"。This is a very high evaluation of Marx's grasp of the practical way of philosophy。Regardless of the three major criticism or psychological phenomenology，"Philosophy completed from the entire movement since Kant"，As a classic, with the changes of the times, the awareness of the problem has changed，But the way of classic philosophy to grasp the world still has a classic meaning。How do scholars from Marx reflect the times in philosophy，How to express the most practical voices of your mental state in a philosophical way，We can still get meaningful reference from the classics。We are dependent on the academic path of the West，Towards academic autonomy、Theoretical self -confidence，Under the call of interpretation of Chinese practice with Chinese theory，Scholars have created a lot of generous theory and words that shock the world。Hope，After the theoretical passion and construction，We look back at the knowledge system of the world、Human ideological map，Chinese scholars have important seats。So，Chinese academic mission and responsibility，Requires us to face a big change in a century，You must answer the question of the times，and condense this answer in the identifiable and universal concepts and academic systems。No doubt，There is neither a modern mode set in the world，There is no modern standard for modernization。We will open a new theoretical era。We will enter the characteristics and connotation level of Chinese socialist modernization from the world significance of Chinese roads or Chinese roads under the global perspective，The theoretical construction of this kind of Chinese characteristics、Reality planning and future expectations will show our theoretical height to the international academic community。

Here，You must emphasize the academic autonomy of studying Chinese issues again。History is a book bet365 Play online games of open human practice，instead of the accumulation of academic concepts and theoretical patterns in Western text，In the academic context of serious dependence on the Western ideological system，The understanding and solution of the Chinese modernization problem in many ways is specified in the Western historical development model。Various politics derived from Western history、Economic、Culture、Ethical versions are telling a story related to the West。​​So，In essence and practicality，The road to modernization and social transformation in China is a process of self -knowledge of China，It is the process of re -discovered Chinese history，It is also the process of reconstruction of Chinese modernization thinking。The historical outlook with China as the main body，It is China’s national identity、The ideological basis for national identity and cultural identity，It is the epistemology and methodology based on Chinese historical experience，It is also the historical value of Chinese self -evaluation。From this to study the nature of Chinese society，Explore China's development path and clarify China's social transformation method，All should be carried out around Chinese history and practical characteristics，It must be studied in the context and history of China，and fully reveal the social nature and social development that is different from the West。

Understanding China's real change based on Chinese historical characteristics and historical experience，It is a dual premise of Chinese history and reality.。The great practice of reform and opening up and the Chinese experience formed by this practice、The Chinese road has received extensive attention in the global sense。This requires the in -depth study of the theoretical circles of the theoretical circles、Theoretical significance and the basis of academic theory。It should be emphasized，The historical mission carried by the basic character of Marxist theory，Requirement of Marxist theory must provide a philosophical perspective with worldview and methodology for capturing the problems of contemporary world and contemporary China。Constructing a spiritual system in the world of speculation，The appearance of the theoretical narrative in the appearance of social life，Refuse the scriptures in pure text，These are far from the basic spirit of Marxist theory。

Xi Jinping's thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era are the real embodiment of Chinese modern practical logic and theoretical logic，It is the deep expression of the Chinese people's spirit of the times，It is also a leading banner for contemporary Chinese academic academic to the world。History of reform and opening up in China，The strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the world's unscrupulous changes，Create an opportunity for the theoretical creation of the thinker。The Marx Philosophy Forum is still looking forward to the transformation of Ma Zhejie's real realization of words and research methods，The one that truly implanted academics in our existence of social nature，Deeply reveals the historical logic and theoretical significance hidden in it，Grasp our era in thought。

　　(Author Unit: Marxist theory Department of Chinese Social Sciences Magazine)