In the perspective of contemporary foreign Marxism,The concepts of working class and bet365 mobile betting have become one of the hot spots in theoretical research。However,Noises such as "degeneration theory" and "decline theory" are rampant,These theories fail to capture the core ideas of Marx and Engels’ rise from the working class to the bet365 mobile betting and the bet365 mobile betting’s prediction of the future。Revisit the discussion of Marx and Engels,Important inspiration for grasping the future。
Distinguish the difference between the concepts of working class and bet365 mobile betting
Facing the Western “degeneration theory”, “decline theory” and confusing use of concepts,It is necessary to identify and answer the working class、Several controversies formed by the bet365 mobile betting。A. Emmanuel believes that there is no working class in developed capitalist countries,Only the "worker aristocracy"。F. Bowen and M. A.Bourne believes that technological development has changed the revolutionary stance of the bet365 mobile betting。In Marcuse’s view,Consumer society controls the needs of the working class,Plunging the bet365 mobile betting into an "abnormal period in which revolution cannot be carried out"。The opposite,Alan Wood thinks,Neoliberalism provides new historical conditions for the formation of the bet365 mobile betting。The framework of "democracy + capitalism" provides conditions for the working class to rise from economic struggle to political struggle to rewrite the capitalist system。Eric Hobsbawm pointed out from the perspective of the global crisis caused by the logic of capital,Only through proletarian revolution can capitalism turn to socialism。The latter voice views the revolutionary cause from the perspective of the bet365 mobile betting,I did not underestimate the resistance ability of the working class。
Marxists should pay attention to distinguishing between class divisions and class positions。H. Weber pointed out,The "degeneration theory" and "decline theory" are a kind of objectivism that ignores the class position of revolutionaries。C. Bertilheim distinguished between social classes and their class positions。K. Prundy and R. M. Blackburn discovered during the survey of British companies,Blue-collar workers and white-collar workers take different political stances on the same union action。The key to "working class ≠ bet365 mobile betting" lies in class stance。Both the working class and the bet365 mobile betting are classified as oppressed classes in capitalist society,Their class positions are different。The opposite of the working class is the capitalist class that purchases labor power,The scope of opposition only exists in the buyer-seller relationship;The opposite of the bet365 mobile betting is the bourgeoisie (property class) that controls private property (wealth),The scope of its opposition exists within the entire capitalist private ownership。The bet365 mobile betting is not only dominated by wage labor,More dominated by private property。This dual dominance determines that the bet365 mobile betting does not resist individual capitalists in struggle like workers,Rather, it aims to eliminate the entire capitalist private ownership,This is its clear class stance。Therefore,There may be only spontaneous political voice among the working class,But there is conscious revolutionary action among the bet365 mobile betting。
Marx and Engels proposed the rise from the working class to the bet365 mobile betting,Thinkers who surpassed their contemporaries in paying attention to or engaging in the labor movement。As a former close friend of the Young Hegelians,Ruge and Marx share the same goals in criticizing Hegel’s philosophy of law,But the Silesian textile workers' uprising changed Ruge's communist stance,The two of them parted ways from now on。Proudhon was a banner of the French workers’ movement at that time,He influenced the establishment of the Paris Commune to a certain extent。However,The Paris Commune was a short-lived attempt at proletarian dictatorship,Become “the grave of Proudhon’s socialist school”。Proudhon could not see that class antagonisms could not be completely eliminated without completely eliminating them,It is impossible for the bet365 mobile betting to implement dictatorship。And the proletarian dictatorship envisioned by Marx and Engels is not a matter of “simply mastering the ready-made state machinery”,But the liberation of all mankind is achieved through the elimination of the state by the bet365 mobile betting。
Then,What are the historical conditions for the working class to rise to the bet365 mobile betting,What are the key factors?In the context of the rise of industrial capitalism,Engels directly observed the actual life of workers,formed thoughts such as "The Situation in Britain·Eighteenth Century" and "The Situation of the British Working Class"。Influenced by Engels,Marx conducted a preliminary analysis of the social conditions of workers by intervening in political economy,Concentrated in texts such as "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844" and "Holy Family"。Marx believes,Alienated labor causes extreme poverty in workers’ lives by separating labor and labor products,Created the possibility of the working class rising to the bet365 mobile betting。However,In a sense,Workers want jobs,Not only will they submit to organized exploitation in alienated labor,They will also use various competitive advantages to exclude other workers。The crisis of capitalism will not automatically elevate workers to the bet365 mobile betting,Because crisis is a product of the capitalist mode of production,It will inevitably be resolved by various countermeasures within capitalism。
In Marx’s view,Only the educational factor can completely transcend the state of competition among workers,Achieve the universality required by the proletarian revolution。The "Communist Manifesto" points out that educational factors come from the bourgeoisie itself on the one hand。Workers participating in the struggle against feudal autocracy led by the bourgeoisie,“The bourgeoisie itself gives the bet365 mobile betting its educational factors, weapons against itself”。On the other hand, it is the transcendence of the defense of capital logic。“Industrial progress throws entire members of the ruling class into the ranks of the bet365 mobile betting,Or at least put their living conditions at risk。They also brought a lot of educational factors to the bet365 mobile betting。”But political economics defends the logic of capital,Indifference to workers’ social status and destiny,Criticized by proletarian intellectuals represented by Marx and Engels。“Just like in the past, some people from the nobility turned to the side of the bourgeoisie,There are also some people in the bourgeoisie now,Especially those bourgeois thinkers who have advanced to the point where they can theoretically understand the entire historical movement,Coming to the side of the bet365 mobile betting。”It is they who have become the most important educational factor in guiding the labor movement。
bet365 mobile betting and the future
Marx and Engels passed the "two clues" of the working class and the bet365 mobile betting,The purpose of revealing the rise is to achieve the transformation from capital limiting workers to the bet365 mobile betting limiting the logic of capital,Played the "variations" of the self-denying development of capitalism。In the first clue,The capitalist mode of production uses wage labor to establish the relationship of exploitation and exploitation between capitalists and workers,Let the struggle of the working class always unfold in the context of capital limiting workers。In second clue,The bet365 mobile betting is very clear that the purpose of the revolution is to resist its economic dominance in the political field,Change the political power relations inherent in capitalist private ownership,Thus changing the entire capitalist private ownership framework。
Marx and Engels saw that the struggle of the working class is limited to the present to a certain extent,The proletarian revolution heralds the future。Because the bet365 mobile betting belongs to the era in which Marx and Engels lived,It has surpassed the historical stage in which industrial capitalism is rising。The bet365 mobile betting is not only a growing class force in capitalist society,Represents the new development direction of future society;And it has a logical power that transcends capitalism in concept,Believe that through your own liberation you can achieve the liberation of all oppressed people,Finally realize the liberation of all mankind。So,Marx and Engels saw the future in the bet365 mobile betting。
First,The bet365 mobile betting has determined the logical nature of capitalism’s self-denial development。The struggle of the working class is still carried out within the overall framework of capitalism,The proletarian revolution goes beyond this framework itself,Made a negative judgment on its future development。In capitalist society,“The struggle has now reached such a stage,The exploited and oppressed class (bet365 mobile betting),If society as a whole is not freed from exploitation forever、Oppression and Class Struggle,It can no longer liberate itself from the class (the bourgeoisie) that exploits and oppresses it”。Second,The bet365 mobile betting gives its own judgment on the future destiny。What the bet365 mobile betting has achieved through revolution is not just the legitimate demands of the working class for its own rights and interests,It is a historical rewriting of the overall framework of capitalism。Therefore,The bet365 mobile betting will never move from confrontation to cooperation,But to eliminate capitalist private ownership in the revolution。With the elimination of private property relations,The bet365 mobile betting will also destroy itself due to the destruction of its opposite—private property。Third,The bet365 mobile betting not only controls the development logic of the entire modern society from a conceptual level,An open space is also reserved for the interaction between ideas and the times。As long as there are people who are dually alienated from wage labor and private property in real life and struggle on the poverty line,The Marxist theory of proletarian revolution has real vitality。This also further confirms the profoundness of Engels’ scientific understanding of the bet365 mobile betting from a conceptual level in “Principles of Communism”: “a class completely without property,In exchange for the necessary living materials to survive,Have to sell his labor to the bourgeoisie。This class is called the proletarian class or the bet365 mobile betting。”
(This article is a phased result bet365 mobile betting Humanities and Social Sciences Research Youth Fund Project bet365 mobile betting Ministry of Education "Research on "The Holy Family" from the Perspective of a Better Life" (20YJC710050)
(Author’s unit: Shanghai bet365 mobile betting Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era、School of Marxism, Fudan University)
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