The historical direction of the vitamin of Marx's ethics
December 31, 2020 09:32 Source: "China Social Sciences", December 31, 2020, Issue 2081 Author: Guo Chunming Nanyun Figure

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Marx philosophy has always existed with freedom to point to people、Ethical care of dignity and liberation (or a ethical dimension)。The creation of historical materialism and its rich development of historical logic,It creates the realistic conditions and objective foundations of perceptual practice for the realization and achievement of this ethical dimension,Historical materialism finally realized the unity of ethical dimension and historical logic。

Ethical care in the early text of Marx。Marx Zeng Qi Yuxuan pointed out,"I hate all the gods", the confession of Prometheus,"Is the philosophy of philosophy,Is the philosophy of philosophy,It means that it opposes that the self -awareness of the person is the highest divine and the gods on the ground。Do not have any self -consciousness of God "。In the "Introduction to" Hegel French Philosophy "(hereinafter referred to as the" Introduction "),Marx pointed out the simplicity of religious criticism with old philosophy,Criticizing "after the death of the other side of the truth,The task of history is to establish the truth of this shore world。The sacred image of a person's self -alienation is revealed,Display self -alienation with non -sacred image,It has become an urgent task of serving the philosophy of history "。With this religious criticism at the same time,There is also a criticism of Hegel's speculative legal philosophy who is "resolutely resisting the form of political consciousness in Germany so far。

According to Marx's idea,Whether it is religious or legal philosophy,All protests on people's suffering and misfortunes,"Religion Bet365 lotto review is the sigh of oppressive creatures,Is the emotion of the ruthless world,Just like it is the spirit of a systematic vitality system ",The essence of the national concept provided by Ferry Philosophy "is still the abstract and unrealistic thinking of the other side of the world"。But,This protest is a false resistance in the thought world。Therefore, whether it is religious or philosophical critical,All first strives to reveal the confrontation of its secular foundation itself,"The Germans who set up a realistic person who cares about the ideological image of modern state may produce,It is just because the people who set up the real country itself are ignored,or to satisfy the entire person in a fictional way "。Criticism will eventually point to the fundamental issue of "people's liberation",It "will not focus on yourself,and will focus on the subject,There is only one solution for this subject: practice "。The main point of practical criticism is through a "highly high practice",It is not a "political revolution" that realizes the "formal level of modern countries" to complete the "political liberation",Instead, it is raised to the "High Revolution of Human" beyond this "level",To achieve "human liberation"。

Observation,As an ethical appeal,Entering realistic criticism to achieve human liberation to some extent can be regarded as a "absolute order" of Marx's philosophy,It requires us to "overthrow to make people insult、Dunchen、All the relationships that are abandoned and despised "。Based on this,"Manuscript of Economics in 1844" (hereinafter referred to as "Manuscript") in the Making Dialectics and National Economics as the "non -objectized" diagnosis of the "non -objectized" of Christian theology,It also emphasizes the positive self -consciousness of people in the liberation Bet365 lotto review status (communism),"Any existence is only when it stands with its own feet,Only thinks that I am independent,And only when it rely on itself to exist,It is standing with your own feet。People who rely on others for grace,Take yourself as a subordinate existence。but,If I not only rely on others to maintain my life,And others have created my life,Others are the source of my life,So I rely on the grace of others as a living "。Therefore, "Socialism is no longer a positive self -consciousness of religion's abandonment as an intermediary"。

But,If the ethical dimension of Marx philosophy has been committed to opening reality criticism to achieve people's liberation,Further questioning is,How do we understand and penetrate "reality"。Obviously,This is a topic that Marx has been thinking about before (even after generation) of historical materialism。Although Marx proposed the materialism proposition of "the country determines the civic society" as early as "The Critical Critical Critical Criticism" of Hegelfa,But whether it is the conflict in the thinking of real material interests during the Rhine period,Or the "Introduction" positioning Germany's reality as the "political system" level of the "national and law" (according to Marx's point of view,Legal relationships obviously belong to political upper buildings rather than economic basic fields),The tension between the alien logic and the logic of private property in the "Manuscript" shows us,It is not enough to have ethical concern for ethics,Only the actual conditions and historical logic of its effective perceptual practice in the real world,Then in the capitalist economic life, truly deepen the internal production method,Ethical Division can realize itself。If you cannot crack historical logic,Marx's philosophy cannot be Bet365 app download transformed from Ying Rang to Reality,The value care of "people's liberation" can only be a beautiful air tower。

In our opinion,The historical materialist period from "German Ideology" to "Capital" and its manuscripts,Marx philosophy breaks through the barriers of old philosophy,Open the essential historical logic of "liberation of people",Finally completed the unity of the ethical dimension。

Therefore, "Outline of Ferbaha" not only emphasizes that "the standing point of new materialism is human society or society",and further point out, "For this secular foundation itself, it should be in itself、Understand from its contradictions,Revolution in practice ",This obviously indicates the direction for grasping historical logic。"German Ideology" expresses historical logic as the real personal production history of real -personal and interaction of productivity and interaction of the relationship between spontaneous division of labor。"The Liberation of Man" does not break through the "concept、Thought、Concepts "and other cages that are regarded by the young Hegel as" all kinds of independent things ",As "people's real shackles",The concept of rule and slavery is never the concept。

The liberation of people is historical activity,"Without steam engines and Jenny's ingots, you cannot destroy slavery;,The historical relationship and historical movement formed by the transformation movement of sensitive production relationships,"Liberation 'is the relationship between history,Is the industrial situation、Business status、Agricultural status、The promotion of the situation of the relationship "。Therefore, communism is the increasingly realistic condition of "eliminating existing status".,It is created by the historical objective conditions and bet365 best casino games historical premise of productivity and universal exchanges。narrow and isolated "regional individuals" if it cannot become "historic in the world、Universal individuals in experience ",Then "Communism can only exist as a certain regional thing",The power of interaction will "still be in the place、The "state" covering the superstition atmosphere。So,"Communism can only happen at the same time as a" sudden "action in various nations that occupy the dominant position,It is possible in experience,And this is based on the premise of the general development of productivity and the world associated with this ""。

"Capital Theory" and its manuscripts are based on production、allocation、The dialectical relationship between exchange and consumption grasped the methodology of "abstraction to specific" and "unity of logic and history",provides a scientific methodology for the historical logic of grasping capitalist production methods。Based on this,The historical logic of "Capital" and its manuscripts aims to reproduce and break the "logic of capital","logic of capital" and its strength,Although it breaks through the relying bond of people、Differences such as bloodlines、Ancient (and feudal) state,Therefore, to some extent, it has contributed to people's liberation,But it has allowed the majority of individuals to follow the possessor of social production and its results,Individuals must convert activities and products into products -exchange value -currency,Prove your social power in the form of this thing,They "belong to social production that exists outside them like destiny; but social production does not belong to individuals who treat such production as common wealth"。

On the contrary,A few owners who exchange value and currency "exercise the power to dominate others or the power to bet365 best casino games dominate social wealth ... He puts his own social power in his pocket and the contact of his own society"。The easiest to materialize the relationship、The most basic relationship,That is product relationship。In it,The value dimension of the goods generated by the abstract attributes of labor causes the phenomenon of worship of goods,Just like the product of the "God" of the "God" of the "God" and become a "independent and related thing to people",In the world of goods,People worship the product of the hand -below the product。while acting as a general equivalent and further use of things, the currency of the social relationship of commodity production,The phenomenon of worship is obviously followed。The fate of the product producer now depends on whether it can be exchanged for currency;,"The mystery of currency worship is the mystery of the commodity worship,But it becomes obvious,Dazzling "。Based on this,Value value of capital will inevitably look more magical。It is precisely the form of the relationship between the relationship between exploitation and being exploited in capital worship,People regard the social attributes of countless things and even natural attributes as value -added value,"In the form of living capital,The concept of capital worship is complete "。

Reappearance of the "logic of capital" above,The secrets of surplus value generated in the capitalist production method and the realistic survival situation of people's non -liberated real survival situation is deeply revealed,Three stages of the development of people、The inevitable kingdom leaps towards the Kingdom of Liberty、Comprehensive development of people who have fully realized development space and freedom time,Then the "logic of capital" positively explained,The "human society" prospect of human society as a bet365 live casino games unity of ethical appeal and historical logic。

  (This article is the UNPYSCT-2016172 phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Heilongjiang University)

Editor in charge: Zhang Yueying
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