Freshness of the secularization movement and traditional religious society，After Viko formulated the truth principles of historical sciences，Historical philosophy ushered in the burst of eruptions in the 18th to 19th century，People start to believe that rationality will lead human society to a more complete stage。The German conceptual theory is based on the subjectivity and rational ability of Gao Yang people，Setting the purpose theory of historical philosophy，Make the abstract concept and absolute spirit rule real human history。After the modernity of modernity and the historical view of the history of the history is denied，Marx has determined the historical view of historical materialism for human history，The two levels of political philosophy of political philosophy that discarded capital logic abstraction in the overall methodology of practical criticism and discarding capital logic abstract rule has established a new "historical science" for humans。

German conceptual theory starts from Kant，Facing the reconstruction of modern science and rationality for human understanding of the world，Dedicated to answer the possible question of "universal historical concept"。Kant re -examined the rational ability of people and people with a critical weapon，Divide the world into "phenomenon world" and the body of the body，I think that only the bet365 live casino games phenomenal industry can grasp the subject，The world of essence is unknown。People are the subject of free rationality，However, it cannot set a general rational goal for its future development。Because the development of human history is a "hidden plan of nature" with a regular and purposeful "realization of nature"，People are just a link in this unified chain of nature and society。People can improve themselves through the use of rationality，It has the ability to continuously develop its own ability in history，But only the history of experience，The real history is ultimately the history of abstract concepts。Hegel is dissatisfied with Kant's division of the phenomenon world and the auto world，Try to eliminate the unknown of human beings for the "self -consuming" world by trying to fully develop and achieve the dialectical movement of absolute spirit。In the absolute spirit of Hegel，There is always a "ideal" entity that dominates history，The external object becomes an absolute spiritual thinking and abandoned object，The reality of a person is more from the "overall" in the sense of logical theory of conceptual interpretation。Under the explanation mode of this purpose theory，Hegel regards human history as a whole，It is believed that historical development is a process that meets some ultimate purpose or follows the "spirit of the world"，The meaning of history is the evolution of "absolute spirit" in line with its own logic。History itself has become a purpose and end point，Human beings are just undertakers of Bet365 app download this abstract spirit and tools consciously cooperating with historical realization，Human history based on material production is completely excluded from the field of vision，The essence of a person has also become a kind of homogeneity of once and for all、Super historic existing things。

Marx pointed out，Real history is not the spirit of the philosophy of Germany's conceptual theory for priority or the obsession of God，It is not the fact that the empirical science is completely experienced，Instead, human beings continue to generate and confirm their own actual activities through their own practice，"History is just the activity of a person who pursues his purpose"。Marx's proposal in "The Holy Family"，The real human history is created by the increasingly rich communication activities and practical activities of humans，The foundation of history is in human production practice、Human social interaction、In the activity of the development of human society。The historical development of human society is constantly diversity，The process of self -development and self -improvement from "inevitable kingdom" to "free kingdom"，It will not end with some so -called "ideal state"，"History is the same，Never end in a perfect ideal state of human beings "。The real history is open，It is "performed under certain conditions、Reality、The natural needs and society needs to be continuously satisfied through the needs of the development of the development process that can be observed.，At the same time, the process of continuous Bet365 lotto review production and development of new needs。In other words，History is not an abstract external entity that has nothing to do with the practical activities of people and people，but the process of human beings constantly interacting with the outside world and the production and reinforcement of human social life，Labor is the real and historical content of human existence，"The whole so -called world history is not the process of being born through people's labor，It is a process of generating the nature to people in nature "。

Different from Hegel only see the essence of human self -realization and creation in labor，From Marx's view，Labor is a concept of history。Labor in modern society，On the one hand, it is the emotional style of human perceptual existence and the most basic material production practice activities of human beings，On the other hand, the generalization of alienation of capitalist society is actually breeding and the historical picture of the future revolution and development of modern human society，Especially the history of condensing and changes in capitalist production relations and social relations。This understanding of labor contains an interpretation of real history，It is to use labor as "a specific overall spiritual result"，It indicates that humans can explore a true historical science possibility of reality from labor。On the one hand，In traditional philosophical speculation、Under the criticism and re -absorption of abstract theory，Marx's activity of "real person" introduces bet365 live casino games in speculative and theoretical activities，Established the overall methodology of criticism of historical materialism practice。On the other hand，Overview of the view of history through the transcendence of abstract rational metaphysics and the empirical history of empirical theory treats the view of data collection，Marx ended the views of the ideological and ideal philosophy of the German conceptual theory from the perspective of historical dimension.。Surprising idealism philosophy regards objective labor as a person's priority implementation tool，Marx not only pulls it back to the original position，Set the essence of human beings as a real -conscious activity of realistic and conscious，and further penetrate into the social theory of society，See it as a product of a certain stage of social development。What exists is only related to the development stage of the productivity、The specific social movement rules and historical forms of various historical reality。

With the rise of capitalist production methods and global expansion of capital logic，The historical process of the development of human society has entered a world historical stage with the premise of general development of productivity and world exchanges。The large capitalist industry brings great progress in human material wealth and historical development，but also incorporate human beings into the operation and universal alienation of capitalist economy。The proletariat is oppressed by capitalist production methods，In reality, the Bet365 lotto review power of "revolutionary" is naturally excluded from，Out of the needs of my own liberation，It will establish a "person to themselves through its own class actions and historical activities、The true human community of the people who are in conjunction with human nature -communism。Communism is the beginning of real world history，Humans will abandon the value bias of Western centralism and the historical consciousness of Christian belief cognition，No longer limited in the gap between ideology，Build a historical science with human liberation as the general purpose。For Marx，There is no eternal laws of human history and the world of religious style，Only human history achieved from existing social forces and people's self -activity。The real historical activity itself is the reality，It is a process that human beings realize their own needs and create various future possibilities，Itself contains the communist movement that denies private property。"All the exercise of history，It is both the actual activity of this communist reality，That is the birth activity of its experience，At the same time，For the consciousness of its thinking，It is also the genetic movement that is understood and recognized。”

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(Author Unit: Philosophy Teaching and Research Department of the Party School of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China)