In a sense,，The issue of labor liberation has become a new academic growth point in contemporary Western critical theory。To understand and intervene in these discussions，It is necessary to clarify the research on the liberation of labor for more than 40 years。Rough look at，He has proposed three different solutions，They constitute three different ways to enter the theory of labor liberation。

Entry Road 1: "Critical Labor Concepts"。In the article "Labor and Tool Behavior" published in 1980，Hogenite's first systematic reflection on the practical problem of Marx's labor liberation theory。In his opinion，Marx's labor liberation doctrine can be distinguished into two modes，Among them, it is hidden in difficulties that are difficult to resolve。A model exists in the criticism of Marx's early years of alienation labor。In order to clarify that alienation labor in contemporary capitalist society is wrong，Marx must explain a non -alien labor method。But，This explanation will encounter two major problems: how can non -alien labor methods possible in general alienation? Can non -alien labor methods be universal?。Marx seeing this form of labor organization in the large -scale production of capitalist socialization is actually helping to cultivate capitalist tombs，Organized and disciplined labor can improve the many qualities of workers，These qualities can help workers fight against Bet365 lotto review the rule of capital。but，This labor liberation model is actually assumed that the workers already have a critical consciousness of capitalism。Only on this consciousness，Workers will transform the newly learned ability into resistance activities。But，Marx did not clearly explain how critical consciousness presented in socialized production。

To solve the above problems，Hogeite adopted an indirect approach，Try to explain the liberation potential of labor with a critical concept of labor，It proves that workers are forced to take some fighting practice for improper labor organizations during the labor process。These practices just show that the labor process is still a place for social struggles，Workers will also fight against it because of the standard dimensions that should be contained in labor。If the social production of modern capitalism is always accompanied by this struggle practice，Then it means that people's pursuit of reasonable labor methods，It is still one of the liberation potential contained in contemporary capitalist society。Although the requirements for reasonable labor organizations can indeed promote workers to launch resistance，But in Habermas's view，Hogent committed "the wrong inference of learning"，That is, starting from the pure resistance facts, it directly introduces the moral legitimacy of the facts。Habermas Profile，To explain the legitimacy of the resistance，Workers must still defend their own requirements through the way of dialogue，Therefore, it is not labor but the principles of discourse。

Entry Road 2: "Achievement Principles"。Facing Habermas'bet365 live casino games s criticism，Although Hogeite did not respond directly for a long time，But he immediately criticized the theory of Habermas's communication behavior theory that could not be fairly treated at the bottom of society。Later in the early 1990s，His acknowledgment theory with the help of the Hegelier and Made's social psychology，Established a recognition relationship between subjects to clarify the norms behind these unfair consciousness，This to reveal the "moral grammar" of social struggle。In this solution path，Specific labor activities caused by workers in the hearts of workers are regarded as a result of distorted relationships that should be recognized in the process of labor。From Hogeite's view，Acknowledging the relationship between the subject in the labor is that the labor achievement of the workers must be recognized by the society。What the labor liberation is pursuing is the recognition of the result of labor。Because in a market economy，Labor achievements are mainly reflected by the corresponding labor remuneration，Therefore, the pursuit of labor achievement is recognized in fact is actually a struggle for re -assignment。The "Achievement Principles" is regarded as one of the three main recognition principles in modern society，and incorporate the discussion of the allocation of justice in the allocation of justice in the theory of recognition of the allocation theory of the English world political philosophy represented by Fraser，It is believed that the problem of allocation of justice is essentially acknowledging the problem。

Reconstruction of labor liberation with the principle bet365 best casino games of achievement，It can indeed be able to provide defense to a certain extent for workers in contemporary capitalist society around the problem of income gap.，Anti -struggle in the name of this can indeed correct the phenomenon of injustice in the capitalist distribution system。Despite this，The reasonable basis for treating the principles of achievement as the liberation of labor will still face the following problems。First，Achievement principles include ideological dimensions，It may be used by capitalists and acts as exploitation。What kind of labor should be counted as an individual's achievement or more social recognition than other labor，It is often affected by the mainstream ideology of society。Next，Even if the ideological color of the achievement principle is stripped off，It may also become a way to oppress workers。H. Rosa believes that the principle of achievement itself will bring intensification of workers' competition，to speed up the labor rhythm，It will eventually induce new alienation phenomena。Last，The principle of achievement cannot provide defense for the minimum wage and the resistance of the labor environment。The introduction of basic welfare rights can only be regarded as a product of the struggle made by people's equality of legal rights。In short，The principle of achievement cannot cover all the norms in the struggle of contemporary labor liberation。

Entry Road 3: "Social Unity"。Although there are many criticisms above，Hogeit still did not give up the study of labor liberation。On the occasion of the World Financial Crisis in 2008，He published an article "Acknowledge Bet365 lotto review and Labor: A Definted Attempt"，Try to revive labor liberation research。This article lays the basic path of his research on labor liberation，The third path of the normative connotation of laborer liberation was established。At this time，He no longer starts from the labor activity itself to dig the norms behind the specifications，Instead of conversion perspective，Explore the standard dimensions contained in the form of modern labor organizations。From Hogeite's view，If you only start from the labor itself to clarify the normative connotation of labor，Even if it can be clearly explained that non -alien labor is essential for individual happiness，But it is impossible to explain that this labor method is a common requirement for modern social production，Therefore, the criticism made based on this labor method cannot shake the modern labor production method。

To shake the modern labor production method，Must find a criteria for critical criteria from its internal。Here，He first borrowed from F. Campbart's definition of labor，Think from the social level，Employment labor in modern society is actually the exchange process of individual achievements。Next，With the help of Hegel and Turkan's understanding of the modern market economy，He further clarified the reproduction of the market economy to ensure substances，Social solidarity at the same time，Make society integration possible。In other words，Although labor is a tool behavior，But from the level of social order，It also has a standard function that promotes social unity。Hardeut thinks，The contributions of Hegel Bet365 lotto review and Turkan are: the former explains that the labor market contains two aspects of specifications，It is necessary to meet the general recognition of the basic livelihood needs of the workers and the contribution of the workers; the latter clarifies that only individual labor must be related to other society's necessary labor.，can become a bond of social solidarity。Standard requirements based on social solidarity，Workers can claim the basic salary、Requirements for labor complexity、Provide reasonable internal defense for the pursuit of meaningful labor。Last，Hardeut also noticed that the above -mentioned inherent specifications have not played due to their due role，The labor process of capitalism has not developed in the direction that meets these specifications。To clarify this problem，He believes that these specifications are the "validity basis for anti -facts" in labor organizations，They are prerequisite for understanding and accepting the new market economy。Therefore，Their validity does not disappear because of the factual failure，People can still resort to criticize them to criticize unreasonable labor organization forms in capitalist society。

Three different paths through the above three strokes，​​Hogente tried to explain that the labor of modern capitalist society actually contains a standardized dimension that criticizes the formal form of capitalist labor。Facing many questions，He finally gave up the first two paths，Only resort to the third path to clarify the liberation dimension of labor。This choice is questionable，Because this bet365 live casino games path cannot all contain the insights stated in the first two paths。A more desirable approach may be that trying to integrate these three paths，instead of only one of them。

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