"Han Confucianism"

       The four studies of traditional Chinese traditional Chinese before the Republic of China，Taking Classics as the first。After the Republic of China，Classics disintegration，History independence。National academics need to deal with truth and use、Ancient and present、Zhong and West、Area and the whole country、A series of opposite unified problems such as this subject and interdisciplinary discipline。Lingnan Academic during the Republic of China in the late Qing Dynasty was in this context，Important transformation and flow changes have occurred。

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There is a clear generation，The portal of Sinology and Song Xue has intensified。During the Jiaqing period，The Zhejiang people who believe in the Han and Song dynasties Ruan Yuan Governor Yue，Identifying the status of Taishan and the frontier ministers in classics，Imitation of the Meridian Jing Jingshe，Study Haitang，Rebuilding "Guangdong Tongzhi"，Published "Emperor Qing Classics"，Sinology into Guangdong，On the one hand, correction Chen Baisha、Zhan Ruo Water and Sky Talking about the Scholarship of Scholars; On the other hand,，Created Chen Yan、Zeng Zhao and other reading seeds，Affects Guangdong's academic huge in the future。Ruan Mu Xueren gather，Famous Masters Youjiang Fan、Fang Dongshu, etc.，Han and Song databases have become more and more intensive。The former is "Chinese Master Affiliated"，Gao Yang Han Xue，The latter published "Sinology Business"，Lord Song Xue，Refute with literature pain。Han Song confrontation，Affects the local style is quite large。

Dao Xianjian，Chen Yanxue asked maturity，"East Cooked Bet365 app download Reading"、"Han Confucianism" and leave a large number of manuscripts，& ldquo;、Hylolital。Chenjiao Traveling to Western Guangdong，Disciples have Liang Dingfen、Gui Wencan, etc.，Form the famous Dongshus School。

Guangxu，Zhang Zhidong puts both Guangxi，Zhongbu Ruan Yuan，Relying on Liang Dingfen、Miao Quansun and other celebrities，Let Guangya Academy，Putting the same book bureau，The series "Guangya Book Bureau Series"、"History Series"，Strong support、Repeat the Dongxianmen or re -pass the door，Quoting to Huguang Ren Teaching，Mark the academic cross -provincial biography of Guangdong Province，Reform Lingnan academic long -term tradition and pattern that requires northern input。Yue Di Academic Han and Song Dynasties，Not only manifested on the vein of the east familiar Sinology，and it is also reflected in the Jiujiang School with the former at this time。This school is headed by Zhu Jiqi, South China Sea，Emphasis on the Song of the Classics of the Book of Books today，Chongqi Festival、Shang bow，Shin in the world，Grand scale。School disciples have Shunde Jianchaoliang、Nanhai Kang Youwei，The atmosphere of Ka Lingnan and even the whole country。

Zhang Zhidong statue

Han and Song dynasties scrambled to the integration of Chinese and Western learning

During the same light years，Sensitive current Affairs today's textbook、Northwest History、Yuan Shi and other new studies take advantage of the situation，Guangdong academic community Wenfeng first。Master Zhu Jiujiang's Kang Youwei，Transfer to Yangzhou Jinwen School School of Mall，Revelation of Liao Ping, Yuechuan people，Writing "New Study Pseudo -Sutra"、"Confucius Reform Exam"，Looking at the leather，Toncus Reform，Use Xiachayi，Reform Emperor。Shunde Deng Shi、Yellow Festival and others，Originally Li Xue Jian Chaoliang，Later, affected by the ancient Chinese scriptures, Zhang Taiyan, etc.，Change bet365 live casino games the door，Handling the "National Cultural Journal" in Shanghai、"Political Arts Report"，The main general of the national scholars，Promoting the distinction between Xia Xia，Fight with Uncle Kang，Opposition to improve，Proposal revolution，It can be described as the struggle of the new Han and Song dynasties。This thought，The thoughts of Sun Yat -sen are reflected，Commonly constitutes the theory of the Revolution of 1911。

What needs to be pointed out is，Kang、Sun two people are inspired by Western learning evolution theory。Hou Yellow Festival with literature、Poetry is famous for the world，The "History of the East of Guangdong Academic Origin" under the Research on the Research of Lingnan Academic History。Deng Shi "Chinese Studies Theory" and other famous texts，Recently, it has also won the first pride and attention of the academic community。

Tongguang，Scholars, because of the high school of study, are difficult，Turn to Border Said Geography、Yuan Shi。Shunde Li Wentian Xue Guangbo，Famous Beijing Division。After the middle of the Republic of China、Chen Xujing、Zhu Jieqin also governed northwest、The Karma of the History and Land of the South China Sea，Fire results。

Enter the beginning of the Republic of China，Sun Yat -sen, who was born in non -pure scholars, continues to revolution，Its regain of traditional culture，Become an orthodox resource in the future of Guangdong Cultural and Academy of Culture and Scholars against the Extreme Westernization of Lingnan University。At that time, Guangdong's local academic is not enough，It is far from the north of Sangzi to Beijing、Xinhui Liang Qichao and Chen Yuan, which have academic origin with Lingnan，History theory、Academic History、Park Xueyang famous at home and abroad。Liang Qichao gradually faded out of politics at this time，Focus on Academic，The "Chinese History Research Law" formed，Its "The Academic History of China Nearly bet365 best casino games 300 Years" and other discussions，Refers to academic potential，Division School，Leading to Sinology，sharp vision，Cheng & ldquo; Classic in the series of academic & rdquo;。Xinhui Chen Yuan thinks about Private Shu Chen，In order to learn the door, it benefits from Zhang Zhidong's "Book Answers" guide，Religion of Duan Chuan、Yuan Shi、Age、avoid taboos、collation、Tongjian Zhuxue，Scholarship; and care about my hometown academic，Zhang Yinlin, Dongguan、Rong Geng、Zhao Zuzu, etc.，It is recognized as the history of the Republic of China、World -class scholars。

& ldquo; Archaeological & rdquo;

In the middle and early period of the Republic of China，Beijing scholars are unbearable to Beiyang warlord oppression，Liannong to the south，Living National Guangdong (Zhongshan) University。Fu Sinian、Gu Jiegang's lingering ancient history discrimination movement，Interaction with Hu Shi, who stayed in Gyeonggi，Establish a Language History Research Institute at CUHK、Issuance Weekly、Creating academic group、Cultivate local backward，For the fake ancient book & ldquo; suspecting ancient & rdquo;、Dig land & ldquo; archeological & rdquo; and travel survey、Three major causes of folk culture with downward vision，Significant results，Make the new research research quickly jump into the mainstream of academic circles in the country。Nam to northward after the history of the language history，Become a world -renowned Institute of History and Language in the World Institute，Central University becomes domestic literature and history、Folklore and other disciplines，Leading。

Stimulated by the September 18th Incident，Zhu Qianzhi、Zhu Xizu went down from the north，Promote & ldquo; Modern History Movement & RDQUO; and & LDQUO; Southern Cultural Movement & RDQUO;，Founding "Modern History"，Archaeological archeology that opposes the actuality，Make forward the doubt about the practice of investigating the folk bet365 live casino games customs of ancient factions，Proposal & ldquo; All history is modern history & rdquo;，Emphasizing the & ldquo; Kaojin Kaojin & rdquo;，strive for all kinds of social science alliances for history and focusing on reality，Participate in social history theory。This not only echoes the great trend of Chinese culture since the Wei and Jin Dynasties，and promoted the history of Lingnan Economic、History of Culture、History of Modern Revolution (including participating in anti -Japanese academic activities)、Local History、Education、The development of subjects such as sociology。& ldquo; Kao Jiujin & rdquo; It aims to use，The saying of social sciences in history，Concept first，Simple solution with various theories、Standard Historical Materials，Stay away from the truth，Difficulty。Zheng Shi, a Dongguan native of Xueheng, lifts up and tilted，It is advisable to govern history & ldquo;，Balanced & ldquo; archeological & rdquo;、& ldquo; Kao Jiujin & rdquo; Second Extraction Polar Rail。After the outbreak of the Japanese invasion of China，Chinese academic shift from seeking truth from seeking truth，Lingnan gets this atmosphere first，and more thorough。

& ldquo; archeological & rdquo;、& ldquo; Kao Jijin & rdquo;，For Guangzhou to become Beijing、Shanghai post -，The third academic and cultural center in the country laid a solid foundation。

Single discipline to interdisciplinary

The Republic of China Zhaojian，The theoretical foundation of supporting the autocratic ideological system is gradually disintegrated，History independence in traditional Chinese academics。Facing the squeezing of western discipline divisions，History is forced to open yourself，Social sciences to multi -discipline。Cantonese Liang Qichao New History advocates it，Zhu Qianzhi pushed it to the extreme，Formed before the War of Resistance Against Japan, & ldquo, which is characterized by historical social sciences; modern history school & rdquo;。On the method path，Mainly Bet365 app download from a single historical discipline，Transition to language、Education、Culture、Society、Philosophy、National、Human、Folklore and other multidisciplinary integration、Cross -penetration。

After the July 7th Incident，Follow -up comprehensive anti -Japanese war needs，Integrate multidisciplinary Guangdong Provincial Culture、National Studies (including Hakka Studies, including Luo Xianglin) and so on。Huangwen Mountain, Taishan people returned from North to Guangdong，Relying on the Guangdong National Culture Research Association，Culture and history、National、Society、Folklore and other disciplines，Expand national culture research，By "Collection of Culture Paper"。Haifeng people Yang Chengzhi learned Gu Jiegang，Later for a long term to conduct a minority survey in the southwestern region，and study abroad，There are "Guangdong People's and Culture" and other comments，The founder and representative of the ethnicology of the South School。

It is worth mentioning that，Interdisciplinary Studies，Not only achievements and talents，And Zhu Qianzhi's "Cultural Philosophy" and Xu Zhongyu's "Academic Research and Anti -Japanese War", two interdisciplinary theory summary。Although interdisciplinary studies have reduced the characteristics of historiography，but driving、Promoting other new social scientific progress，Can be described as Lost East，Mulberry。This is the social and economic history of Liang Fangzhong after the War of Resistance Against Japan、Today's historical anthropology interdisciplinary research，Provided learning and soil。

In short，Lingnan academic during the Republic of China in the late Qing Dynasty, the following characteristics cannot be ignored: North and South Academic from traditional flow，Turn to reverse output from south to north; Park Xue tradition is deep，Use the world to use，Gorgeous romantic learning style leads the country; cross -penetration of various subjects，History and social Bet365 lotto review science color strong; academic、Diversified coexistence，Correction bias inside the area，Plaza Han and Song (If Chen Yinke, who lives in Lingnan later & ldquo; speaks Song Xue，Governance & rdquo;)、True and use、Ancient and present、China and Western relations，Show comprehensive、Platform、Derrying Qi Pai。

(Author Unit: Department of History at Sun Yat -sen University)