Saint Joseph's Sanctuary

In ancient times, Macau belonged to Guangdong，Connect with the motherland flesh and blood、Keep continuous。Since the middle of the 16th century，After entering Macau in the Portuguese，The Macau academic community is affected by it，Start a new road，The self -Cheng Cheng system continues to this day。

Portuguese translation of "Holy Sleeid Training" Book Film

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1594，Jesus established St. Paul College on the basis of Saint Paul's school，This is not only the first institution in Macau，It is also the first Western Higher Institute in the Far East。Sheng Paulo College continued to operate to 1835。Most of the teaching of St. Paul's College was concentrated in Chinese education，Forms a Sinology research team with Western missionaries as the main body。They translated & ldquo; Four books and five classics & rdquo; Chinese classics，and "Ancient Views"、"Shennong Materia Medica" and even "Compendium of Materia Medica" and other works，Content covers history、astronomical geography、Religious philosophy、Natural Science、etiquette and other aspects。

Extension from the translation work，Another academic research of Western missionaries is to conduct basic research on language，and achieved a lot of results。Ru Ricci Note "Western Character Miracle"、Matteo Ricci and Luo Ming compiled the "Portuguese Dictionary"、Kings Pavilion edited "West Confucian Ear"、Wei Kuanguo wrote "Chinese bet365 best casino games Grammar"、Qian Deming translated "Fanfan Manmeng Chinese Dictionary"、Ma Jehwo wrote "Chinese Summary", etc.。

1728，Jesus founded the adjustment of the targets of St. Paul's College.。1784，After the association was sent by the association to take over，Jiangshawei、Maggis and other priests serve as faculty，Cultivated a large number of bilingual talents。Jiang Shawei during the teaching of the hospital，Compiled "Latin Grammar"、"Chinese character grammar"、"Portuguese Dictionary"、"Hua Portuguese Dictionary"、"Latin & mdash; & mdash; Chinese dictionary (Yanghan contains dictionary)"、"Lahan Dictionary" and other works，Maggis is the "Foreign Geographical Preparation"、"Music Elements" and other books。

Among the many students in Santa Joseph，Bobo is a more prominent one。Berturo has long been translated as a translation department after graduation，Actively promote Chinese education，The face of Chinese education in the face of Portuguese people has changed from adult education to basic education。Another，Bobo also actively compiles various textbooks，Among them, the more famous is the Portuguese translation "Holy Training" published in 1903。

In terms of social survey，During the Qing Dao Guang period, in order to compile "Xiangshan County Chronicle"，Once in & ldquo; Lower Kongdu & rdquo; region (including some areas near Zhuhai near Macau and Macau) launched a survey visit，A total of 32 visitors participating in the investigation，The Fengchi Academy and Fengshan Academy from the next Gongchang。This is the earliest large social survey in Macau currently available。The results of this survey are included Bet365 app download in a & ldquo; interview album & rdquo; above，Covered by the copied as "Macau"。

mid -19th century，The Portuguese established after the colonial rule of Macau，It has also carried out a series of in -future reclamation、Basic Survey Research on Development and Border Negotiations。such as 1867，They started the first census for the first use of modern data collection means、Research on hydrological characteristics of the waters along the coast of Macau、Survey and other surveys for drawing maps for drawing maps。1881，Dem & EACUTE; Trio Cinnati, the director of the Hong Kong Affairs Bureau, drawn the first Macau map with a scale of 1: 2000。1883，The Establishment Committee of the Administrative Authority Study Macau Urban Plan，Since then, the city seats from the Macau Peninsula from the northeast to the southwest have since gradually established。1884，Administrative authorities have carried out early planning of Macau ports。other，Meteorological Observation has begun since 1881，To 1900, an observatory of the Observatory of the Port Affairs Bureau was established。

The push of Macau academic research in Macau

During the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China，A batch of academic mainland scholars，Including Zheng Guanying、Chen Zizheng and Wang Zhaoyi、Zhang Shizhao、Wang Shaosheng、Zhu Xizu、Yellow Festival、Chen Yan、Zhan Antai and others have left footprints in Macau。At the same time，There are also a group of Portuguese scholars who are quite prominent in academic research，For example, Gaomei and Wende。

1884，Zheng Guan should move from Shanghai to Macau，& ldquo;、Industry Bet365 app download Learning & RDQUO;，Completed the first draft of "Shengshi Syndrome"。"Shengshi Affairs" aims to refer to Western experience，The way to provide a wealthy army in China, which was in a deep national crisis at the time。The social response generated by the "Shengshi" is huge，It even affected the advocates who later engaged in Chinese reform and revolution，Rukang Youwei、Liang Qichao、Sun Yat -sen、Mao Zedong, etc.。

Chen Zizhan arrived in Macau in 1899，I opened & ldquo;、& ldquo;、& ldquo; Pegen civilian righteousness & rdquo;、& ldquo; Praise civilian righteousness & rdquo; and & ldquo; Irrig root labor night learning & rdquo;，Promote civil education、Women's Education and Work Education。1903，Chen Zizhan took the lead in receiving female students in Macau，This is 13 years earlier than the Mainland officially allowed male and female classmates。Later，Chen Zizhan also sent a large number of teachers to the Guangzhou Gezhi Academy in Macau through the books that he opened at the time，Become the backbone of the teaching and research of Lingnan University, which was later managed by the Chinese people。

Wang Zhaoyi after Wuchang Uprising in 1911，Discarding live in Macau for nearly 14 years，Self -proclaimed & ldquo; Jue Taoist & rdquo;。During this period, he wrote a lot of reflection of the customs of Macau at that time、Poetry of people's livelihood and social appearance，There is "Macau Miscellaneous Poems"、"Episodes" and "Yuwu Deep Words" and other more than 100 songs，and compiled "Yuan Guangdong Species Records"、"Three Constellations" and other important academic research works。

Born in 1907，It is the Bet365 lotto review descendants of the Portuguese，Strive to learn and studies Chinese，Chinese teachers who have served as the translation of administrative authorities and Chinese teachers、Principal and other positions。Gao Meisi published the "Guangdong Portuguese Dictionary" since 1941，A successive translation and work came out，Content covers language、Sino -Portuguese culture and Macau history。

Father Wendquan came to Macau from Portugal in 1924，and since 1934, it has been responsible for the editing work of the Macau Diocese of Monthly。Working period，He attaches great importance to selection and Macau history、Cultural -related articles。Wendequan's works in Macau's historical and cultural research are many，The main works published before 1949 are "James in Macau"、"Big Sanba Torii"、"Saint Leng Zuozheng"，and some church biography。

Except for Chinese Portuguese scholars，Some scholars in other countries are also engaged in Macau History Research，Among them, the famous Swedish Loriste (also translated as Longsai) and published & ldquo; Fidalgos in the Far East in 1948,1550-1770.FACT and Fancy in the History of Macao & RDQUO;。

In terms of academic groups，Literary groups are more prominent。The literary groups of the Republic of China can be divided into two factions: & ldquo; Lianfeng Tao Club & rdquo;，and a writer who has lived in Macau for a long time，Ru Feng Qiuxue、Feng Yinxue、Liu Cao Yi、Liang Yanming、Zhao Liancheng、Zhou Peixian、Huang Peilong, etc. & ldquo; Xue Club & rdquo;。Among them, & ldquo; Xuehe & rdquo; regarded as the first literary group in the history of Macau literature。& ldquo; Snow Club & rdquo; I have published six issues Bet365 lotto review of "Snow Club" Poetry，In addition to the publishing seven -person poem collection "Six Episodes" in 1934。

In addition，Some colleges that were originally running a school in the Mainland，In the early days of the founding of New China, I moved south to Macau，Ruqiao University、South China University、Yuehai Literature Business School and Zhongshan Institute of Education。But，These colleges are mainly teaching in Macau，and due to objective conditions、Insufficient enrollment，It has not achieved significant results in the academic field。Later，These institutions or transformations are the basic education school，or naturally die。

In summary，Macau academic research starts from its own system to 1949，The academic research team is based on the mainland and foreign scholars as the backbone，Chinese and Western both，Chinese and Western use。Although，Many scholars only regard Macau as a transitional place，Intermittent development in academic development，Lack of system，But the academic research here is relatively wide，Many methods and opinions are the initiative of South Guangdong and even China。As for Macau's local academic research，However, due to the slow economic and social development, it has been in a sprout for a long time，Research results of only a few local scholars，Only academic embellishment was considered in the environment at that time。but，The research of these local scholars in Macau still broadcasts seeds for future deepening research，Provides the necessary literature conditions for the formation of the Macau academic research system。

(the author is chairman of the Administrative Bet365 app download Committee of the Macau Foundation)