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How to continue to "ground gas": new challenges of industrial economics

June 28, 2013 12:16 Source: "Humanities Lingnan", June 28th, 29th, Issue 29th author: Gu Naihua

Since modern times，Especially since the reform and opening up，The Lingnan area of the atmosphere has formed many special disciplines and advantageous disciplines，Some of these disciplines have maintained the leading advantage so far in China。This column aims to sort out and reflect the current status and development trend of these disciplines，Looking forward to the attention of the majority of scholars and actively contribute。 & mdash; & mdash; editor

Emerging information technologies such as the Internet of Things are widely infiltrated into various industries,Promoting profound changes in production organizations。The picture shows the 2013 Beijing International Internet of Things Conference。 Picture Source: CFP

Industrial Economics as an important branch of application economics，Using & ldquo; Industry & rdquo; as a research object，Mainly discuss the relationship between the relationship between industries and industries in the process of economic development，Specific industrial structure、Industrial Organization、Industrial Development、Industrial layout and industrial policy, etc.。

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In the book "Research on Industrial Economics Theory and Problem" edited by Professor Yu Li，Many scholars have sorted out the development of industrial economics in the West and my country，This article's outline of the development of industrial economics is mainly based on the research results of these scholars。

It is generally considered，Industrial Economics originated from Marshall's research，Study on the theory of incomplete competition through Chamberlain and Robinson，The publishing of Bian's "Industrial Organization" is published as a sign，A more complete theoretical system and the classic SCP (structure & mdash; behavior & mdash; performance) analysis framework。Although the Bet365 app download formation of the SCP analysis paradigm marks that industrial economics becomes a relatively independent economics discipline，But it mainly comes from experience research、Defects that lack the theoretical foundation are also criticized by scholars，Especially being violently criticized by scholars from the University of Chicago。

Different from the degree of competition (market structure) with the Harvard school，The relationship between the Chicago school represented by George J. Stigler focusing on the market structure and efficiency。They inherited the traditional economic liberal thoughts and social Darwinism of the University of Chicago，firmly believes that the theory of Walla balance and free competition is still valid，The process of market competition is the process of free to play market forces，It is a process of survival test & rdquo; process，The government does not need to interfere with the market structure。Harvard School and Chicago School are undoubtedly the brightest landscape in the history of industrial economics，Not only created a new field of research on the emerging marginal discipline and regulatory economics of law，It also promoted a major change in the US anti -Torais policy in practice。

In the 1970s，Due to the competitive market theory、New theories such as trading costs and game theory、Introduction to the new method，The theoretical basis of industrial economics、Analysis means and research focus, etc., have a substantial breakthrough，Become the most vitality in economics、The most exciting field。It not only develops rapidly，also affects the emergence and development of other economics fields，Ru Labor Economics、International Trade、Compare economic system, etc.，All benefit a lot from the development of industrial economics。，Marketing in the Discipline of Industry and Commerce、Company governance、Company Finance、Corporate Strategy and other fields are also deeply influenced by industrial economics。This period，Development of industrial economics in two directions，Bet365 app download On the one hand，Developed in the direction of the SCP analysis paradigm into & ldquo;，This genre no longer emphasizes market structure，but highlight market behavior，See the initial conditions and corporate behavior of the market as an exogenous force，and the market structure is regarded as endogenous variables，Therefore, we seek more close combination of industrial economic theory with neoclassical microeconomics。On the other hand，Based on the theory of trading costs of Cos and others，The new institutional industrial economics & rdquo; (also known as & ldquo;)。The main feature of this genre is the introduction of the theory of transaction costs，Thoroughly changed the traditional concept of investigating companies only from a technical perspective and examining the market only from the perspective of monopoly competition，Provides a new theoretical perspective for the research of corporate behavior。

Since the 1990s，With the emergence of alien economics，Industrial economics steering depends on the measurement economics method，Differential theoretical point of view from an empirical perspective、Filling the ideological vulnerability and refinement theory。

In the late 1980s，The theory of industrial economics has been gradually introduced to our country and has received increasing attention，But as of now，There are still some shortcomings in the research content and research methods，It is mainly reflected in: too much importance to the industrial structure and not deepened to the industrial organization，The scope of the subject is not clear enough; the theory of economic growth、Growth method change、Structural transformation problems behind macro -regulation and market mechanisms are not concerned; the scale economic level of the market structure、Insufficient research on concentration and the empirical research of entering the barriers; for market structure、Emphasis on the structure of industrial organizations such as corporate behavior and other industrial organizations。

Industrial economics faces new challenges

bet365 live casino games It can be seen from the development of industrial economics，If you want to study the evolution of the industrial structure in the macro aspect，and the structure of the micro level & mdash; behavior & mdash; performance between performance，It implies the following premise: The boundary between the industry is clear，The evolution of the industrial structure is traceable; the market structure is measured，It and behavior、The relationship between performance is relatively stable (and whether it is one -way or two -way)。But in the context of the continuous integration of the industry，Measurement of the market structure will be an impossible move，Further explore it with behavior、Performance relationships and regulatory policies，It seems to lose the premise or cornerstone。Industrial economics has existed as a branch of application economics from the date of birth，Under the background of the acceleration of industrial technology updates，How to keep it & ldquo; applied & rdquo;，How to continue & ldquo; ground gas & rdquo;，Make sure its guiding role in reality，It is also a challenge that industrial economics has to face。

1. Industrial integration makes measuring and explaining the market structure becoming increasingly feasible。

Industrial fusion refers to technology integration、The phenomenon of increasingly blurred industrial boundaries on the basis of digital fusion，It first appeared in the information and communication industry，Meaning computer、Communication and radio and television industry & ldquo; Three network fusion & rdquo;。Current，More industrial integration refers to the use of technology and institutional innovation in different industries or industries in different industries or the same industry，Continuous penetration、Crossing each other，The final integration is integrated，to form a new industrial format。Some scholars understand the integration of the industry from the perspective of product service integration，The corresponding typical phenomenon is so -called bet365 live casino games industrial service。Industrial serviceization refers to industrial enterprises to improve product technology、Reduce natural resources consumption、Improve corporate innovation ability and competitive advantage，From manufacturing as the center to service -centric transformation。Szalavetz further divide industrial serviceization as the meaning of output service and input serviceization。The former refers to the service link of industrial enterprises to move downstream，The proportion of physical elements in the output decreases、The proportion of service elements increases。Many well -known industrial enterprises have gone through items to provide items to provide items and additional services，Then to provide items、Service、Technical support、& ldquo; items & mdash; service package & rdquo; three evolutionary stages of knowledge and self -service composition。The latter refers to industrial enterprises in production and operation to invest less physical elements，More input service elements。In fact，Among the production costs of many manufacturing industries，Pure manufacturing costs are less than 20%，Pre -delivery、Production、Sales、Consumption and consumer service costs exceed 80%。Understand the integration of the industry from from which angle，It all challenged the SCP analysis paradigm, especially the market institution's measurement。Traditional SCP theory thinks，Under the premise of limited market capacity，The behavior of the company's chasing economy and the competition of the survival of the fittest，The concentration of production and the decrease in the number of enterprises will be reduced。In the background of industrial fusion，Not only the market capacity has been greatly expanded，And the way of competition between enterprises is more diverse，Even cooperation will surpass competition to become a more common form of corporate relations。In short，Industrial integration subverts the effectiveness and interpretation of the SCP analysis paradigm to a certain extent。

2. Industrial technology bet365 best casino games update acceleration increases the difficulty of industrial economics & ldquo; ground gas & rdquo;。

Current，Technology innovation in the world is very active，and accelerate the development trend，Scientific discovery、Technical invention and major integration innovation presents group breakthroughs，Industrial development is increasingly dependent on scientific and technological progress，Emerging technology and high -tech industries present a deep fusion trend，The results of the new technological revolution will accelerate and develop into a group of high -tech industrial communities。Information technology is further network、Intelligent and service -oriented development，With the Internet of Things、Next generation of Internet、New generation of mobile communication、Cloud computing、Emerging information technology represented by geographical information services is widely penetrated into various industries，Promote profound changes in the occurrence of production and industrial organizations。At the corporate level，The risk tolerance and dynamic competition ability of an enterprise，Not only depends on its own product design ability、Production capacity or supply chain integration ability，It depends on its overall grasp of the ability of scientific and technological development trends and the direction of selecting technical breakthroughs。

Industrial and enterprise development is increasingly relying on scientific and technological innovation，And the current technological innovation often has high investment、Features of high risk。Especially in the field of strategic emerging industries，The implementation of scientific and technological innovation also requires major technical breakthroughs，This means its core technology、Product performance and life cycle、market adaptation, etc., still needs time test，There are still more uncertain factors and high economic and market risks in the short term。At this time，Motoring and then moving seems to be particularly bet365 Play online games meaningful。This situation has a large impact on the theoretical system and methodology system of industrial economics，It must guarantee application，It is necessary to develop the theoretical and methodological system that can respond to the opportunity to be able to respond to industrial scientific and technological innovation opportunities.。

(Author is Deputy Dean of Jinan University Industrial Economic Research Institute)

Editor in charge: Virtual system user