The so-called “Fifteen bet365 champions league”，Refers to the 15 initial consonants。This type of dictionary uses 15 Chinese characters to represent 15 initial consonants，So it’s called“Fifteen bet365 champions league”Dictionary。Chaoshan dialect“Fifteen bet365 champions league”Dictionary，Referring to the publication of the first "Chaosheng Fifteen bet365 champions league" in 1913，A series of "&ldquo" of local pronunciations of Chaoshan and Shantou were still published until the 21st century.;Fifteen bet365 champions league”Dictionary。According to incomplete statistics，Officially published various“Fifteen bet365 champions league”There are about 30 kinds of dictionaries，Over a hundred editions reprinted by different publishers，The circulation is estimated to be over one million。

It has the value of both reference books and bet365 champions league materials

About“Fifteen bet365 champions league”Dictionary value，We can examine it from the two main aspects: First, the value of reference books。It used to be the literacy of Chaoshan people、A must-have book for reading and writing，The popularity has attracted the attention of experts and scholars。As Liu Yiru, the author of "Newly Edited Chaosheng Eighteen bet365 champions league" said in his preface: “Wuchao focuses on the pronunciation of Chinese characters，There is a difference‘Fifteen bet365 champions league’人，Widely circulated。From the prosperous city，Even to remote rural areas，Anyone who is slightly literate，An article about home purchases，Regarded as the foundation of calligraphy。”Chaoshan hometown is like this，The same is true in places where trendy people gather in various parts of Southeast Asia；On the red-headed boat cutting through the waves，The&ldquo who make a living across the ocean;City Basketball”中，Our ancestors took it with them，Except for a handful of loess from my hometown，There is another book“Fifteen bet365 champions league”Dictionary！Professor Xu Yunqiao, an expert on Nanyang history, recorded in his book "Research on Fifteen bet365 champions league": “‘Fifteen bet365 champions league’This is a scientific folk calligraphy book，Extremely common in Fujian Chao area，A few household names，Everything is ready for retrieval。”“Next to the account table in the store，The home of someone who knows a little about it，Most of them have this book‘No need to ask for help’The magic weapon is placed。”

The second is the value of dialect materials。This kind of“Fifteen bet365 champions league”The dictionary has been compiled since the end of the last century，Published in the early Republic of China，Until the 21st century。20th century—40s，New versions are published almost every year。These dictionaries contain more than 10,000 words，Some may be more than 5,000 words，Generally reflects the dialect of the editor’s location。The current differences in local pronunciation in Chaoshan，As in front nasal and final [-n]、Closed rhyme ending[-m]、nasal final、The presence or absence and number of entering vowels，Historic phonetic data available in every dictionary。So，This is a very valuable batch of research materials on the history of dialect development。What a pity，Dictionaries published before the founding of New China are now difficult to see，The first edition of "Fifteen Sounds of Chaosheng" is even more difficult to find。

　　Divided bet365 champions league according to different writing styles

　Depending on the writing style，Chaozhou sound“Fifteen bet365 champions league”Dictionaries can be roughly divided into three types: the first is similar to "Guangyun"、Rhyme diagram dictionary of "Ji Yun"。This type of dictionary puts words with homophones on the same page (grid)，Below each word，Give a simple explanation or example，To solve the problem of readers recognizing the pronunciation but not the meaning。

The second is a list of homophones。is a simplification of the first dictionary，Delete explanations, examples, etc.。It is divided into letters (finals)，With“Fifteen bet365 champions league”is latitude，With“八音”(8 bet365 champions league) is sutra，List table。In the same grid，Must be a homophone。For example“jun”Department“Liu”Mother“下平声”Column“Lunlunlunlunlun囵嫡”Same words。The function of this kind of word list is to find words based on sounds、Learn difficult words with easy words。For example，As long as you know“Lun”words，Other words in the same list have the same pronunciation as it。The most popular example of this kind of character list is Jiangxia Maoting's "Yiji Yasu Tong Fifteen bet365 champions league" (also known as "Zhimu Zhiyin")、Liu Yiru's "Newly Compiled Eighteen Sounds of Chaosheng" (also known as "Character List of Chaosheng Homophones"), etc.。

The third method is to group words with the same final rhyme together，Distinguish them by initial consonants and bet365 champions league，Each homophone word is notated according to the requirements of the standard dictionary、Definition、Example。In fact, it is written according to the new dictionary，Press old&ldquo again;Fifteen bet365 champions league”Partial method to arrange，For example, Yang Yangfa's "New Chaoshan Eighteen-syllable Dictionary" etc.。

　The word "Guiyin" is determined to be "";Eighteen bet365 champions league”

About Chaoshan dialect“Fifteen bet365 champions league”Dictionary，The earliest version we can see now is "Zixue Jinliang: Chaosheng Fifteen bet365 champions league" written by Chenghai businessman Zhang Shizhen (later known only as "Chaosheng Fifteen bet365 champions league"，Same as below)。About the editorial origin of "Chaosheng Fifteen bet365 champions league"，Mr. Li Xinkui has done comparative research。He said in the article "A Study of the Sources of the Fifteen Sounds of Chaozhou": “Compilation of "Fifteen bet365 champions league" in Chaozhou dialect，Not the first of its kind in the area，It has a long-term origin。The earliest "Fifteen bet365 champions league" in Chaozhou area，Compiled with reference to the "Fifteen bet365 champions league" from Zhangzhou, Fujian，Because both Chaozhou and Zhangzhou dialects belong to the southern Fujian dialect area，The voice is relatively close，And the areas are also adjacent，So Zhangzhou’s "Fifteen bet365 champions league" has a certain influence on Chaozhou。”

Zhangzhou's "Fifteen bet365 champions league" is the "Yan Ji Ya and Popular Fifteen bet365 champions league" compiled by Zhangzhou scholar Xie Xiulan，And "Yi Ji Ya Pu Fifteen bet365 champions league" is adapted from Huang Qian's "Yi Yin Miao Wu"，"Yiyin Miaowu" is inextricably related to "Qilin Bayin"。Mr. Li Xinkui's "A Study on the Origin of the Fifteen bet365 champions league of Chaozhou" says: “Zhangzhou’s fifteen bet365 champions league are compiled based on Quanzhou’s “Yiyin Miaowu”。The fifth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1800)，Huang Qian, a native of Quanzhou, compiled this book based on "Qilin Bayin" from Fuzhou。"Qilin Bayin" is also a popular rhyme book popular in northern Fujian and Fujian，It is formed by merging "A Note on the Meanings of Eight-yin Characters" written by Qi Jiguang in the late Ming Dynasty and "Zhuyu Tongsheng" written by Lin Bishan。”Lin’s book was originally revised based on Qi’s book，Later merged into one，So it is called "Qilin Bayin"。

Zhang Shizhen’s "The Fifteen bet365 champions league of Chao Sheng" is a long way off in compiling a dictionary of homophones for Eastern Guangdong and Fujian、Indispensable contribution。But since the editor is not a professional in linguistics，So there are still various shortcomings that need to be improved。Dictionary after，improve the former，Mainly focus on the following four aspects: First, the pronunciation analysis is not precise、Inappropriate column names；The second is confusion of front and back nasal sounds；Third, there are many words in training and reading；Fourthly, the editor’s hometown accent is different。

1979，Mr. Li Xinkui of Sun Yat-sen University cooperates with the publication of his "Common bet365 champions league of Mandarin Chaoshan Dialects"，Published "The New Eighteen Syllables of Chaoshan Dialect" in rhyme form in Guangdong People's Publishing House，On the issue of correcting pronunciation and returning characters，Taking Shantou dialect as the representative point，Made a relatively thorough improvement on the problems existing in the above-mentioned old rhyme book style bet365 champions league。

(Author’s unit: Hanshan Normal University)