So far, there are still some older Li women who retain tattoo customs

Body，Is the oldest mankind、Most common，At the same time, it is also one of the most long -term cultural forms inheritance and duration。Hainan's tattoo customs，It has been existed for thousands of years，So far, there are still some older Li women who retain this custom，This is quite unique among Chinese ethnic groups。

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The Li people mainly live in the central and southern parts of Hainan Island，Its language belongs to the Chinese and Tibetan Department of Zhuang and Dai Language，No text。

In the history of Chinese literature and history in my country，There are many records involved in the tattoos of the Li nationality。"Shan Hai Jing" may be the earliest ancient book that records the tattoos of the Li nationality，Its "Southern Sutra" mentioned in the South China Sea Eagle Nation，and & ldquo; Eagle question & rdquo;。other，Eastern Han Yang Fu's "Foreign Battle"、Wang Fan of the Jin Dynasty Wang Fan's "Spring and Autumn of the Erguang State"、The "Answers of Bet365 lotto review the Ridge" and Fan Chengda's "Guihai Yu Hengzhi" in the Song Dynasty and Fan Chengda have related records of the tattoos of the Li nationality。From the "Southern Southern Sutra" in "Shan Hai Jing", the Li people settled district is called & ldquo;，At that time, the tattoos of the Li nationality should be a more common phenomenon。Emperor Ming Emperor Ming Dynasty，The tattoos of the Li nationality have changed，Some of the Li people who are more frequent with the Han nationality have abandoned this traditional habit。The development of the tattoos of the Li nationality，It is compatible with the social development and progress of the Li nationality，It is inevitable for historical development。

1950，Hainan Island has been fully liberated。Political liberation，Economic turn over，The closed society and cultural environment of the Li people is further broken，Under the influence of foreign culture，Further changes in the traditional culture of the Li nationality，Start new adaptation and selection，While receiving some foreign cultures，It also abandoned some traditional culture。It is in the impact and choice of this culture，Tattoo is also facing a situation Bet365 app download of recession，and may finally withdraw from the stage of history。

It does not mean family conditions and status

In modern literature，The tattoo parts of the Li women include cheeks、颏、Neck、chest、Abdomen、Arm、Back、Hand、Leg、foot, etc.。The cheeks、颏 Especially the cheeks are almost the essential part of the tattoo person。Lee men are relatively small，Generally, only the arms and legs。Li nationality tattoo and personal hobbies、The technical level of the writer，There is no expensive identity、status high、How much wealth、Division and identification function of performance size，The family condition and status of the tattoo person have no relationship with the relationship between the tattooor，This is very different from other tattoo nations。

The tools of the tattoos of the Li nationality are generally white or red vine thorns、Bamboo or wooden needles，and the plant pigment of the coloring color，It has not changed for many years。Inheritance is mainly to complete by tattoos。The tattoy of the Li nationality is mostly self -learning in participation and observation practice，There is no inheritance relationship between the inheritance of the teacher and apprentice in the strict sense。

Body Program can be divided into preparations、Ancestor、bet365 live casino games Exorcism、Draw pattern、Wen Chi、Coloring、Maintenance、Disposal and other stages。Where，The ancestor sacrifice is to seek the care and blessing of the ancestors，Bless the tattoo smooth、Success。The main purpose of exorcism is to let ghost avoid，At the same time, it also reminds the non -speed guest to stop，The smooth progress of the process of obtaining the tattoo。Draw pattern、Wen Chi、Coloring three stages are important links in the entire tattoo program，After the completion, the tattoo will basically take shape。To ensure the smooth tattoos、Success and sacredness，The Li society has formed some of the traditional beliefs、Taboo taboos related to moral norms and scientific common sense，For example: except for the same sex (including tattoo division)，Others, especially men, cannot appear at Shi Wen's scene, etc.。

Research on the empirical information of the history of human development and change

The Li nationality tattoy is an important part of the traditional culture of the Li nationality，The nature of general cultural phenomena、Features and value。Its generation、Development and existence，It is to meet the needs of individuals and group survival and development。Bet365 app download This is mainly reflected in three aspects: first，It is the ancestor of the Li nationality in the face of low productivity、The living environment and conditions are extremely bad，When it is unable to solve it，Self -regulation、Self -adaptation，A method and means to eliminate your own fear and uneasy psychology。Next，To the outside world，It used to be a sign of the difference between the Li nationality and the surrounding ethnic groups，is a specific ethnic emblem; for the inside，It is also a symbol that distinguishes different branches or marriage groups; at the same time，It maintains national emotions、Strengthening national consciousness、The consolidation of traditional ethics and moral concepts also played an important role。again，It is also one of the forms of the Li nationality ritual，It is one of the traditional etiquettes that are physically close to mature young people，It also has a significant significance for the continuation of the ethnic tradition。

In addition to cultural value，Due to the longness of its history，The persistence of inheritance，The generality of the crowd，，The complexity of the pattern，Diversity bet365 best casino games of features，richness of literature，Li nationality tattoos also have important academic research value。First，It is the origin of human tattoo、​​Empirical information of the history of development and change; second，It is studying the original religious belief、Original Art、Empirical information of adult etiquette and marriage system; third，It is an empirical information for studying the aesthetic consciousness and values ​​of various ethnic groups; fourth，It is also an empirical information for studying the living environment and production methods of various nations。

(Author Unit: Hainan Normal University)