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Liang Zhanting and Hakka Research (2)

July 29, 2013 14:54 Source: "Humanities Lingnan", July 26, 2013 Author: Cold Sword Bo

Since the 1990s，Hakka Studies have become more learned in the academic world。Foreign Hakka researchers are influenced by Western academic thoughts，Very importance to the use and refinement of theory，Liang Zhaoting is the most prominent one of them。

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Sow-then Leong (Sow-THENG Leong) was born in a Hakka family in Malaysia in 1939。After graduating from middle school，He goes to the United States to study in the United States，Get a doctorate degree in Harvard University in 1969，After graduating, he has worked at Tokyo International Christian University、Australian National University and Murdoch University。

The early research field of Liang Zhanting was the history of Sino -Soviet relations，"Sino -Soviet Relations: The First Period (1917 & MDASH; 1920)" and "Sino -Soviet Foreign Relationship (1917 & mdash; 1926)" is his main research results in this field，It is also the basic discussion that is still unavoidable in this field of research。Later，Liang Zhanting is affected by his friend、Famous Anthropologist in the United States、The influence of Sinologist Bet365 lotto review G. William Skinner，Research interest gradually turns to social history，Study on Hakka History，Also achieved fruitful results。

1987，Liang Zhaoting, who is only 48 years old, suddenly died suddenly。After ten years，His colleague Tim & Middot; White sorted out and published his monograph "immigrants and ethnicity in Chinese history: Hakka、The sheds and their neighbors ", Pengmin and their Neighbors)，This is the comprehensive summary of the research of Liang Zhaoting Hakka。

Hakka research thoughts of Liang Zhaoting

In 1982, "Research on Chinese Social Economic History" edited by Mr. Fu Yiling in 1982，Liang Zhaoting published his first article about Hakka research "New Exploration of Hakka History"，The text introduced & ldquo; racial group & rdquo; and & ldquo; regional system & rdquo; These two most popular concepts in Western sociology at the time。In another paper "Hakka in Lingnan: Modern Chinese Ethnic Sexual and Social Change"，Liang Zhaoting mainly focuses on the discourse level，Focus on the spirit of Hakka，or the specific background and process for the formation of the Hakka ethnic group。

"New Exploration of Hakka History" mentioned，Liang Zhaoting created a mode in order to discuss the Hakka issue，And this mode mainly uses two concepts，That is the ethnic theory of anthropology and Shi bet365 live casino games Jianya's regional system development cycle theory。The core idea of Liang Zhanting Hakka research is to use these two theories，and combined with historical narrative methods to analyze Hakka's history。

(1) The theory of anthropological ethnic groups

The ethnic theory used by Liang Zhaoting mainly comes from the ethnic theory of Barth, a Swedish anthropologist and the ethnic border theory of the American scholar Patterson。His comprehensive two views to explain the formation of the Hakka group，& ldquo; Re -describe the long story of the Hakka family with a correctionist interpretation，to avoid Hakka Sandianism & rdquo;。Liang Zhanting thinks，Most of the Central Plains ancestors of the Hakkas were relocated to the hinterland of the Guangdong -Men and Jiangxi guest in the early 14th century (the Southern Song Dynasty)，until the end of the 1520s, almost two centuries，Hakka hinterland has always been isolated from the surrounding economic center area。After that，With the increasingly fierce conflict with the surrounding ethnic groups，Hakka's ethnic consciousness begins to wake up，They found & ldquo; border & rdquo;，Descendants of the Central Plains Wanderer、Ancient Chinese dialect、Patrioticism, etc. These common culture & ldquo; Features & rdquo;，and finally formed & ldquo; Hakka & rdquo;。

bet365 live casino games (2) Regional system development cycle theory

So，What is the background of the Hakka people who migrate、Contact with his family and conflict，So what about ethnic consciousness? To answer this question，Liang Zhaoting introduced Shi bet365 live casino games Jianya's regional system development cycle theory。

Liang Zhanting thinks，Immigration of Hakkas in history、Ethnic conflict generation、The formation of the consciousness of the ethnic group，It is from Lingnan、Southeast coast、Yangtze River & mdash; Ganjiang Basin、The economic development cycle of these regions in the middle of the Yangtze River is determined。14 & mdash; 15th century was Hakka's & ldquo;，In the case of relative isolation with the surrounding areas，Residents in this area have gradually formed a relatively stable and unique common cultural characteristics，Become a & ldquo; cultural group & rdquo;。In the 16th century，The development of the two regions of Lingnan and the southeast coast has entered a rising period，Hakkas began to migrate to the core areas of these two regions。Enter the 17th century，South China entered & ldquo; Xiao Ice period & rdquo;，Agricultural production reduction，In addition to the social turmoil in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties，This area enters the downward cycle，Ethnic conflict bet365 best casino games broke out again，And this also directly promotes the final formation of the Hakka group awareness。By the beginning of the 18th century，The Hakkas started a second large -scale migration。mid -19th century，Lingnan region is once again recession，The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the long -lasting & ldquo; Tuke big fight & rdquo;，Hakka intellectuals and Western missionaries started the construction of Hakka & ldquo; spirit & rdquo;，Hakka nationalism or Hakka centralism began to prevail，Luo Xianglin, the founder of Hakka studies, is the leader and the master of the Great。

The impact of Liang Zhaoting on Hakka research

Since the introduction of Luo Xianglin's "Introduction to Hakka Research" in 1933，Hakka research results are rare and few breakthroughs，Liang Zhaoting's unique research is undoubtedly a criticism and subversion of Luo Xianglin Hakka's discussion to some extent。He closely combines the theory of the ethnic group and the regional system cycle theory，The history of the immigration history of the Hakkas and the formation process of Hakka as a group vividly shows it in front of people，Let people clearly see the historical & ldquo; deconstruction & rdquo; power; he abandoned the tendency of previous Hakka research to explore from the perspective of the source of immigration，bet365 Play online games Instead of explaining the formation and migration process of Hakka from an economic perspective; he also tries to redefine the concept of Hakka，Re -build the history of the immigration of the Hakka family。

Of course，Liang Zhaoting's view may not be able to get a complete affirmation from the Hakka academic community。In fact，The core theory he used, that is, Shi bet365 live casino games Jianya's regional system cycle theory has always been controversial in the domestic academic community。But no matter what，As an excellent historian，Liang Zhaoting's broad academic vision、Good question consciousness、Respect for historical facts、Logical inferences are worthy of affirmation，Especially he applies the method of western popular theory on the method of Hakka research，It is worth learning from。

(Author Unit: Hakka Research Institute of Jiaying College)

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