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Liang Zhaoting and bet365 sports Studies (2)

July 29, 2013 14:54 Source: "Humanities Lingnan" Issue 30, July 26, 2013 Author: Leng Jianbo

Since the 1990s，bet365 sports studies are becoming increasingly prominent in the academic world。Foreign bet365 sports researchers are influenced by Western academic ideas，Attach great importance to the application and refinement of theory，Liang Zhaoting is the most prominent one。

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Sow-Theng Leong was born in a bet365 sports family in Malaysia in 1939。After graduating from high school，He went to the United States to study at university，Received PhD from Harvard University in 1969，After graduation, he worked at Tokyo International Christian University、Australian National University and Murdoch University。

Liang Zhaoting’s early research field was the history of Sino-Soviet relations，"Sino-Soviet Relations: The First Phase (1917—1920)" and "Sino-Soviet Diplomatic Relations (1917—1926)》is his main research result in this field，It is also a basic treatise that is still unavoidable in this research field。Later，Liang Zhaoting is accepted by his friend、Famous American anthropologist、Sinologist Shi Jianya (G. William Skinner’s influence，Research interests gradually turn to social history，And began to engage in research on bet365 sports history，Similarly achieved fruitful results。

1987，Liang Zhaoting passed away suddenly at the age of 48。Ten years later，His colleague Tim·White compiled and published his monograph "Immigration and Ethnicity in Chinese History: bet365 sports、Migration and Ethnicity in Chinese History: Hakkas, Pengmin and their Neighbors），This work can be regarded as a comprehensive summary of Liang Zhaoting’s bet365 sports research。

Liang Zhaoting’s thoughts on bet365 sports research

In the first issue of "Research on Chinese Social and Economic History" edited by Mr. Fu Yiling in 1982，Liang Zhaoting published his first article on bet365 sports research, "New Exploration of bet365 sports History"，The article introduces“Ethnic Group”and“Regional System”These two most popular concepts in Western sociology at the time。In another paper about Hakkas, "Hakkas in Lingnan: Ethnicity and Social Change in Modern China"，Liang Zhaoting mainly focuses on the discourse level，Focus on the bet365 sports spirit，Or the specific background and process of the formation of the bet365 sports community。

Mentioned in the article "New Exploration of bet365 sports History"，Liang Zhaoting created a model for discussing bet365 sports issues，This model mainly uses two concepts，That is, the ethnic group theory of anthropology and the regional system development cycle theory of Skinner。The core idea of Liang Zhaoting’s bet365 sports research is to use these two theories，And combine the method of historical narrative to analyze the history of bet365 sports。

(1) Anthropological ethnic bet365 sports

The ethnic theory used by Liang Zhaoting mainly comes from the ethnic theory of Swedish anthropologist Barth and the ethnic boundary theory of American scholar Patterson。He combined these two views to explain the formation of the bet365 sports group，“Redescribing the long story of the bet365 sports people with a revisionist interpretation，Thereby avoiding bet365 sports chauvinism”。Liang Zhaoting thinks，Most of the Central Plains ancestors of the Hakkas migrated to the bet365 sports hinterland of Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi in the early 14th century (Southern Song Dynasty)，Almost two centuries until the end of the 1520s，The bet365 sports hinterland has always been isolated from the surrounding economic center area。After，As the conflicts with surrounding ethnic groups become increasingly fierce，The ethnic consciousness of the bet365 sports people is beginning to awaken，They found the "ldquo with the surrounding Cantonese and Hokkien people;Border”，Descendants of prominent families in the Central Plains、Old Chinese dialect、Patriotism and other common cultures that have been formed“Features”Continuously strengthen it，And eventually formed“bet365 sports”。

(2) Regional system development cycle bet365 sports

Then，Under what background did the bet365 sports people migrate、Contact and conflict with other tribes，Thus developing ethnic consciousness？To answer this question，Liang Zhaoting introduced Schneider's regional system development cycle theory。

Liang Zhaoting thinks，Immigration of bet365 sports people in history、The emergence of ethnic conflicts、The formation of ethnic consciousness and other related issues，It’s from Lingnan、Southeast Coast、Yangtze River—Ganjiang River Basin、The economic development cycle of these regions in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is jointly determined。14—The 15th century was the bet365 sports“Gremulation period”，In the case of relative isolation from surrounding major areas，The residents of this area have gradually formed a relatively stable and unique common cultural characteristics，Become a“Cultural Group”。In the 16th century，The development of Lingnan and southeast coastal areas has entered a period of upward growth，Hakkas began to migrate to the core areas of these two regions。Entering the 17th century，Southern China has entered the "" period in climate history;Little Ice Age”，Agricultural production reduction，Coupled with the social unrest in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties，This area enters a downward cycle，Ethnic conflict breaks out again，This also directly promoted the final formation of the bet365 sports group consciousness。At the beginning of the 18th century，The Hakkas began their second large-scale migration。Mid 19th century，Lingnan region fell into recession again，The Taiping Rebellion and the protracted “Tukes fight with weapons”Having a profound impact on bet365 sports identification，bet365 sports intellectuals and Western missionaries started the bet365 sports“Spirit”'s build，bet365 sports nationalism or bet365 sports centrism begins to prevail，Luo Xianglin, the founder of bet365 sports studies, is the leader and master among them。

Liang Zhaoting’s influence on bet365 sports research

Half a century has passed since the publication of Luo Xianglin's "Introduction to bet365 sports Studies" in 1933，bet365 sports research results are few and there are few breakthroughs，Liang Zhaoting’s unique research is undoubtedly a criticism and subversion of Luo Xianglin’s bet365 sports discussion to some extent。He closely combines ethnic group theory with regional system cycle theory，Vividly presents the immigration history of the Hakkas and the formation process of the Hakkas as an ethnic group，Let people see history clearly“Deconstruction”Power；He abandoned the tendency of previous bet365 sports studies to focus on their origins and immigration history，Turn to explain the formation and migration process of bet365 sports from an economic perspective；He also tried to redefine the concept of bet365 sports，Reconstructing the bet365 sports immigration history。

Of course，Liang Zhaoting’s views may not be fully affirmed by bet365 sports academic circles。In fact，The core theory he used, namely Skinner's regional system cycle theory, has always been controversial in domestic academic circles。But anyway，As an excellent historical scholar，Liang Zhaoting’s broad academic vision、Good problem awareness、Respect for historical facts、Logical inferences are worthy of recognition，Especially his skillful application of popular Western theories to bet365 sports research，It is worth learning from。

(Author’s unit: bet365 sports Research Institute of Jiaying University)

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