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2010，The Guangdong Provincial Party Committee promulgated the "Outline of the Planning of the Provincial Construction Culture Culture Culture (2011 & MDASH; 2020)"，"Outline" clearly stated that the research of Guangdong merchants is one of the key disciplines that enhance the comprehensive innovation capabilities of Guangdong's philosophy and social sciences and international academic competitiveness，The target is to build a world vision、Guangdong characteristic philosophical and social science innovation system。Thirteen Council is the core theme of the Cantonese merchants in the Qing Dynasty，With a strong and vivid & ldquo; Lingnan characteristic & rdquo;，Not only lays the status and style of the Guangdong merchants，and is an important force that the Chinese economy gradually incorporated into the capitalist economic system at the end of the Qing Dynasty。From this，Thirteen lines are important areas of Cantonese business research。

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bet365 Play online games History，Cantonese business and Huishang、Jin Shang、Zhejiang Shang、Su Shanghe is called & ldquo;。The definition of Cantonese business has different claims，Generally refers to the merchant group engaged in economic activities in Guangdong，Both the businessmen of the ancestral home of Guangdong，It also includes businessmen who moved into Guangdong afterwards。in 1757 & mdash; almost a century in 1842，Thirteen lines are the only agency in China's official franchise，Foreign cargo banks that have established franchise -operated import and export trade gradually developed into trade organizations that are rights and Chinese and Western，Created a new era of China and the West Trade。History，Cantonese merchants are endless，Thirteen businessmen become the core subject of the Cantonese merchants in the Qing Dynasty，Represents the important links and glory stages in the development of the Guangdong merchants，It also emerged as Pan Zhencheng、Wu Bingjian、Wu Chongzhen and many other business leaders，Become a representative of Cantonese merchants。

Open in Lingnan Society and Culture、Readent、Compatible、Innovation、Practical、In the six basic characteristics of multiple diversification，Thirteen merchants have outstanding examples。Chinese Bet365 lotto review civilization (such as porcelain, etc.) has a significant impact in Western countries through thirteen lines，Western civilization also entered China through thirteen lines，The specific transaction that became the earlier contacts of the court of the Qing Dynasty and the social dynasty。

Thirteen merchants pay attention to the protection and integration of Lingnan culture。Business Development Cultural Education、Improve the education level of Lingnan area; publish books、Carry forward and inherit local culture; merchants with unique private gardens，rich development of the architectural characteristics of Lingnan Garden; introduction of Western arts and crafts style，enriched the content and form of Chinese traditional arts and crafts; Western -style buildings in the 13th Elements Yi Pavilion，Open the precedent of modern Chinese architectural style。

　　Lile the foundation for the development of Guangdong merchants

History，Guangdong and Central Plains are inconvenient，But the geographical location of overseas transportation has cultivated the powerful and insistence of the thirteenth business merchants、Dare to adventure、The spiritual characteristics of bold innovation，Seize the opportunity in the turning point of the world's marine trade in China，Quickly rise，Formed dare Bet365 app download to be the first、Practical forging ahead、Innovative development、Open compatibility and other features。Compared with the domestic business community，The business style of the thirteenth line of business is known for changes，Do not adhere to the concept of a specific industry or occupation，Keep a high degree of alertness to the potential business opportunities in the business environment，Not only operating porcelain, etc.，Also engaged in real estate、Commercial stack, etc.，Even more，Also invested in foreign railway buildings、Stock Securities。

It is the influence and business style of the Thirteen merchants that laid the historical status and inheritance of the Guangdong merchants，An important period of becoming the rise and development of Guangdong merchants，Primitive capital that has accumulated survival and development for Cantonese merchants，Prepare sufficient historical and humanistic conditions for the formation of Guangdong merchants，expanded the social influence of Guangdong businessmen，Cantonese business has become one of the most influential business gangs in China。

　　Historical and cultural heritage with global significance

In the process of going to the world in China，Thirteen lines are a good side。In a century,，Thirteen lines became politics of the Qing Dynasty and Western countries、Economy、bet365 best casino games Hub of cultural exchange，Not only played an important role in the history of Chinese and foreign trade，It is also an important node that the world enters & ldquo; Ocean era & rdquo; post -study China ’s development of China from mainland China to marine countries。

Thirteen merchants opened the Chinese people to understand the world、Learn the historical process of the West，Pushing open the door to China to the world。This is both the core of the value of the thirteenth business，It is the essence of Cantonese business culture。

Thirteen lines on the one hand as intermediaries that communicate countries and foreign companies，Stimulate the foreign trade network; on the one hand, use flexible and changeable business methods，Make business outside the ocean，Incorporate Chinese economic system into the capitalist economic system，Incorporate China's economy into the world economic circle。In the area、Country、The structure and relationship of the ocean inspect the thirteen lines，You can see the world entering & ldquo; Ocean era & rdquo; post -，The national policy of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is open、Development and change from restrictions on the sea，Discuss the role of the central regime to handle overseas trade and international exchanges through the thirteen lines。

Thirteen lines are based on the traditional Chinese Bet365 app download social culture，Simultaneous development with Chinese society，Open in the historical changes、turbulent、Development and decline。Speaking，The fate of the thirteenth line is consistent with the destiny of China，Not only records the success and setbacks of China's development，It also proves the glory and sorrow of Guangdong merchants。Deepen the thirteenth line research，Can further expand and deepen the research of Cantonese business，So as to build a world vision、Cantonese -style philosophical and social science innovation systems to make contributions。

(Author unit: Guangzhou University School of Humanities、Thirteen Ring Research Center)