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17th to 19th centuries: Guangzhou’s bet365 new customer offer export sales from prosperity to decline

December 01, 2013 00:41 Source: "Humanities Lingnan" Issue 34, November 29, 2013 Author: Zhang Lirong

Early 17th century，Chinese bet365 new customer offer was first introduced to Europe by the Dutch，Afterwards，The proportion of bet365 new customer offer in Sino-foreign trade continues to rise。Guangzhou bet365 new customer offer has formed a mature transportation and sales transit network in the South China Sea region，And then distributed to all over the world，To the economies of European and American countries、Making an important impact on society。

The trade pattern of Guangzhou’s export of bet365 new customer offer has experienced from early trade with Southeast Asian ports as transit points to Guangzhou in the 17th century—Transformation of European and American direct trade。

In the late 16th to mid-17th century，Southeast Asia plays the role of a transit point between Guangzhou and European and American bet365 new customer offer trade，The Guangzhou bet365 new customer offer-trafficking merchant ship is in Batavia, Java Island, Southeast Asia、Wandan，Trading with European and American countries。18th century，With the opening of direct routes to the Pacific Ocean，The bet365 new customer offer trade pattern with Java Island as a transit point has changed，European and American countries are directly in Xiamen、bet365 new customer offer trading in Guangzhou and other ports。From the 18th century to the 1840s，The Qing government established the Guangzhou port trade system，Guangzhou becomes the only bet365 new customer offer export market in China，And established a pattern of direct sea shipping for bet365 new customer offer trade with European and American countries，bet365 new customer offer has become the most important bulk trade material at Guangzhou Port。The establishment of a one-stop trade system，Weakened Xiamen’s status as an important port for bet365 new customer offer export in Southeast Asia，Guangzhou monopolizes my country’s foreign trade in bet365 new customer offer。

After the Opium War，The Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing abolished the public service system in Guangzhou，Open five ports for trade，The golden era of trade in Guangzhou was broken。Despite the early post-war period，bet365 new customer offer trade and sales should still be shipped out through Guangzhou Port as usual，But with the opening of ports along the river such as Hankou，Guangzhou’s bet365 new customer offer exports have been greatly impacted。

In the second half of the 19th century，Guangzhou’s overseas bet365 new customer offer trade begins to decline，Of course this has a lot to do with the end of Guangzhou’s trade era，However, the huge impact of Indian bet365 new customer offer and Ceylon bet365 new customer offer on the international market and the lack of improvements in bet365 new customer offer planting and processing techniques in the region，The declining quality of bet365 new customer offer itself is also one of the important reasons。1870s，India invented and promoted rolling machines and bet365 new customer offer dryers，Improved the quality of black bet365 new customer offer while reducing costs。When the dual comparative advantages of quality and price are lost，Guangzhou’s bet365 new customer offer export trade is gradually declining。

(Author’s unit: bet365 new customer offer Local Chronicles Office)

Editor in charge: virtual bet365 new customer offer user

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