Zhizheng Museum                  Reporter  Li Yongjie/Photo

    From the date of birth of the private museum in my country，It has been developing in the controversy。Now，Private Museum proves its own value at a amazing development speed and quantity。So far，Private museums that are registered only by official registration have accounted for 1/8 of the total number of Chinese museums。

    The continuous development of private museums，The government also supports it through multiple measures、Promote its healthy development。"Opinions on Promoting the Development of Private Museums" jointly issued by 7 departments such as the State Administration of Cultural Relics，Just regulate、Support private museums proposed a series of clear opinions。"Opinions on Promoting State Museums to Support Private Museum" clarified the goals of the state -owned museum's counterpart support for private museums、range、Content and requirements，The long -term mechanism of the state -owned museum's counterpart support private museum。competent institutions at all levels also first support the healthy development of private museums in various ways，Formulated and launched various measures that help the development of private museums。For example, the "Trial Measures for the Management of the Shanghai Citizen Office (Social Power) Museum bet365 live casino games of Social Power) launched by Shanghai，"Measures for the Reward of Public Museum Funding Museum" implemented by Baoan District, Shenzhen。

    But，For private museums，The existing support does not seem to be enough。At the Twelfth Session of the Twelfth Session of the CPPCC of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference，Difficulties facing private museums，Member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Lu Jianzhong suggested that the current "Cultural Relics Protection Law" or the relevant departments are requested to issue a judicial interpretation on the basis of the current "Cultural Relics Protection Law"，Further clarify from the legal level that the private museum has the same legal status as the state -owned museum。The proposal of member Lu Jianzhong reflects the voices of most private museum founders and operators。The most concerned about whether the private museum can have the same status and treatment as the state -owned museum。In their opinion，The key to the healthy development of the healthy development of private museums，is the bottleneck of policies and regulations in the founding and operation process。

    Is the relevant demands of private museums reasonable，What role should the state play in the development of private museums，Need us from different perspectives、In -depth research at different levels，The legal status involved in the development of private museums may not be amended to the "Cultural Relics Protection Law" that can be completely solved。

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    Europe and America, the most developed in the bet365 Play online games museum，Private Museum basically owns the same status as the public museum at the legal level。In the United States，Museum can be used as a public welfare or charity trust institution、Non -profit companies come to form，Generally called a private museum; it can also be used as a municipal company to form，Generally called a public museum。Trust agencies that form a public welfare or charity must follow the state law and trust law; the establishment of municipal companies must comply with various provisions of the establishment of such organizations。Generally speaking，This requires the property owner (donor) to transfer legal ownership to the trustee，The latter manages the property for public interests。Whether it is a public museum or a private museum，All the procedures must be completed in accordance with the regulations of the Federal Taxation Bureau，Federal duty -free qualification，State or municipal authorities will follow up and automatically grant the eligibility of the entity exempt from the state and local tax。The museum can only apply for gifts and funding only by obtaining tax exemption。Duty -free qualification is an important means for the United States to stimulate social funding museums。

    Independent Museum in the UK is similar to my country's private museum，Related legal and policy regulations，Independent museums usually be attached to public charity，Generally operate by charity or foundation。Independent museums registered for Bet365 lotto review registration can get funded from local power institutions，But museums that do not meet the registration standards and museums that do not participate in registration cannot enjoy financial subsidies。

    But，On the issue of treating public museums and private museums，Developed countries have only achieved relatively fair。Developed countries support the development of non -profit institutions including museums，It is based on the government's public expenditure that will never fully meet the publicity of society.。Government needs extensive participation in society，to reduce the pressure of government public expenses，Expand public service coverage，Improve public service capabilities。The government's funding for private museums is generally less investment than the public museum; but at the same time, the private museum is the same duty -free qualifications as the public museum，I hope they can better use social forces to develop themselves，instead of reaching out to the government for money。

& ldquo; Reasoningly understand your role positioning & rdquo;

    For my country's private museums，If you look forward to having the same status as a state -owned museum，So you might as well ask yourself: Can you transfer your own collectible ownership to a public welfare trust agency，transform it into public property or public welfare trust property? The state wants to give private museums as the same legal status as state -owned museums，You should also think about whether bet365 live casino games the legal system environment and social environment that supports the healthy operation of my country's public welfare trust institutions is mature at this stage，What kind of institutional mechanism is needed to guarantee。

    The historical experience of the development of the International Museum, especially the development of the Western Museum, shows that if there is no clear legal status、Complete laws and regulations and supporting institutional systems and effective tax benefits and government support，It is difficult to develop healthy for private museums;，Private Museum also needs to be internal governance structure、Legal rights and obligations、Event content、Activity method and financial management、Internal distribution, etc. to form strict、Effective institutional constraints，Only to get the trust of the government and society。Private museums need to quickly improve their professional level and public service capabilities，Earnestly fulfill the professional ethics specifications of the International Museum Association，Shape a good public image，show your own public welfare，From the support and funding of the government and society。

    There are many successful private museums in the development history of the European and American museums，It all insists that the museum is the identity of public property。There is a credibility behind them、Foundation or board of directors that can represent public interests conduct custody and supervision。When thinking Bet365 app download about the future development of my country's private museum，Metropolitan Museum may provide us with a lot of revelation。my country's private museum may wish to learn from actual practice，Think about how the Metropolitan Art Museum manages and run，Especially they obtain successful experience of social support through multiple channels。

    Building a public cultural service system covering the whole society is my country's established cultural development strategy。Under the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism in my country，To build a public cultural service system covering the whole society，Can't just rely on national power，should be dominated by the government，The whole society forms a joint force to get closer to the realization of the goal。In this process，The special role played by private museums should be recognized and supported by the government and the whole society; at the same time，Private museums should also rationally understand their role positioning，Let fairness and public welfare complement each other。

(Author Unit: School of History of Nankai University)