Ancient Well Royal Village

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       □  Zhu Zhigang

Chinese reform and opening up for more than 30 years，China's economy can develop rapidly。Chinese society is also facing a sharp transformation at the same time，This transformation is undoubtedly reflected in all aspects of China。This transformation is material、National，It is also mental、Local。This transformation not only happened in the city，More reflected in the countryside。Because of the commercialized city with modernity，The historic village with more traditional agricultural characteristics as a local society，In the change of the times，Obviously it will be more uncomfortable with the needs of modern society and receive severe challenges。

Especially in a society in this & ldquo; local China & rdquo;，We should pay special attention to the ancient village society。Due to the survival of the rapid transformation of ancient villages, it is easier to become endangered。What is an ancient village? Ancient villages should have historic、Truth、Inheritance、Agricultural、Fresh activity、Basic features such as integrity。From this，Ancient Village，refers to a long history、The external form has not changed much、Continuing the traditional cultural customs、still based on agricultural production methods、A clear edge that is still alive today、Low -range but complete crowd settlement space。

　　The current situation of the ancient village is worrying

Guangdong as the forefront of China's reform and opening up，In the process of modernization，The status quo of ancient villages seems more worrying。We can look at the three levels presented by ancient villages in Guangdong。First，The self -space existing in ancient villages in Guangdong gradually disappears，and very fast。With the rapid development of Guangdong's economy，Traditional agricultural production methods have undergone tremendous changes，Modern industrial and commercial manufacturing has become increasingly becoming the pillar industry of Guangdong's economy，& ldquo; Pearl River Delta & rdquo; The pace of urbanization continues to expand，Further devoured rural society。

Next，From the geographical space of ancient villages in Guangdong，Including the village ecological environment、Village layout plan、Village architecture、Infrastructure, etc.，All suffered great damage。& ldquo; Pearl River Delta & rdquo; Most of the water Bet365 lotto review network river in the village has been stained or no longer clear。The spatial layout of the village and the Lingnan -style building have been wantonly changed and destroyed。This unique iconic geographical characteristics of Lingnan Water Township gradually annihilated。

again，We see the cultural space of ancient villages in Guangdong gradually shrink。Residents in ancient villages in Guangdong have gradually moved away due to wealth or engaging in industrial and commercial activities，The once -developed folk organization in Guangdong villages disintegrate or no longer works，The cultural customs of the village inherited from generation to generation are also simple and thinner.。If the current situation of the ancient villages at the above three levels, if the current situation of the ancient village continues to deteriorate，Perhaps it will make the fresh heritage that has been widely spread in the Lingnan region with the collective memory of the collective memory of the regional population.。

　　The protection and development model of ancient villages in Guangdong

According to the country's cultural heritage & ldquo;、Rescue 1、Use reasonably、Strengthen management、Police of inheritance development & rdquo;，Current，The protection and development of ancient villages in Guangdong roughly exist in the following modes: First of all，Is a positive intervention of national power，Including policy of administrative units at all levels of the country、Laws and regulations、The formulation of the system, etc. and award related honors and rewards。1986，When the State Council announced the second batch of historical and cultural cities，For the first time to talk about the protection of the historical and cultural villages。Since November 2003，The Ministry of Construction and the National Cultural Relics Bureau jointly announced five batches of Chinese historical and cultural villages，2007 Guangdong Province began to select the first batch of historical and cultural villages，These selection activities have greatly helped and promoted the protection of ancient villages。July 2002，Guangdong Province has specially promulgated the regulations on the "Capital Link Tower Protection Management Regulations" for Jiangmen Kaiping Diaolou。October 2002，When the State revised the "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", the concept of historical and cultural villages and towns is clearly defined，and establish a status of historical and cultural villages and towns in the overall protection system of cultural heritage in the form of legal form。2008，The State Council officially promulgated the "Regulations on the bet365 best casino games Protection of History and Cultural City Famous Town Famous Villages"，Clarified the target of the protection of ancient villages、Measures、Methods and Standards，It stipulates the legal responsibility of the government and the competent department，It reflects the country's increasing importance to the protection of historical and cultural villages and towns。June 2009，The People's Government of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province has issued the "Interim Provisions on the Protection of the Protection of Famous Villages in the Famous Town of the History and Cultural City of Zhongshan"，At the end of the same year, Guangdong Province also demonstrated the legislative issues of the "Regulations on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guangdong Province"。These years，Guangdong also uses policies for the construction of new country rural areas，Combined with the protection of ancient villages。

Next，Using economic leverage drivers to protect and develop ancient villages。Driven by the interests of the capital economy，It is also to meet the needs of the people's material living standards to improve the spiritual life needs，Tourism Development、Bar Economy、The development model of the farm economy has become a more common means and method of protection and development，For example, Shanghai & ldquo; Xintiandi Mode & rdquo; Copy in the East of Foshan、Farm experience in Zengcheng and other places、Development of the tourism industry such as Conghua Hot Spring Leisure。

again，is a situation that does nothing。This is a choice in the natural state in the ancient village，It mainly relies on the villagers' own power to do nothing，Self -destroying it without interference。This is also the helpless self -survival protection rule of most ancient villages。Although not the most effective，But the random casual renovation of some external forces is a better choice。

Last，It is a business method under multiple mode combinations。Actually，During the protection and development process of ancient villages，Often is the assembly of this multi -force。folk、Country、The three capitals are their position，Use and penetrate each other。For example, Zhucun, Tianhe District, Guangzhou & ldquo; Qiqiaojie & rdquo; & ldquo; resurrection & rdquo;，There is a capable person from the local villager Pan Family、Tianhe District Government、The collective participation operation of Zhucun Economic Co., Ltd.。

　　The ancient village has become the last spiritual home & rdquo;

With the spirit of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation，During the construction bet365 live casino games of a strong cultural province in Guangdong，We have realized the folk、Country、How the power of capital is increasingly penetrated into a local society，These forces have indeed played a very important role in the protection and development of ancient villages in Guangdong。But we can also find behind these forces，It also hidden many problems worthy of our attention。For example，Although some ancient villages in Guangdong have gained a country、Provincial and municipal historical and cultural villages to honor the honorary title and be protected，But just a minority，Most ancient villages are due to funds、Manpower、System and Methods and other reasons，Still drowning in the wild mountain weeds。Sometimes policy is often misunderstood，New rural construction has evolved into & ldquo;，Many antique Lingnan buildings are imitated、Unified、Beautiful。Excessive and abuse of tourism development，It causes huge damage to the material environment and the mental environment in ancient villages，The geographical ecological environment is contaminated and destroyed，Thinking of locals、Value、The production lifestyle has changed sharply，Even the conflict between the local people and capital power。Ancient villages are no longer peaceful，It will become as common as the city、hustle and bustle、monotonous and homogeneous。These are exactly what we must try to vigilance and abandon。

Perhaps，Each of us should remember what in 2006 in Zhejiang Xitang & ldquo; ancient Chinese village protection & rdquo; Summit Forum "Xitang Declaration": The ancient villages were the first cultural achievements created by their ancestors，Is a group of historical monuments for a group，Also our last spiritual homeland，& ldquo; The disappearance of ancient villages，or the annihilation of the cultural personality of the village，Landscapes that destroy the diversity of human culture in the bottom of the kettle，China will be reduced to the abandoned children of civilization and the beggar & rdquo;。We have reason to look forward to the protection and development of ancient villages in Guangdong can also leave a precious cultural heritage for our descendants。

(Author Unit: Chinese Language and Cultural Institute of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)

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     The Empress Dowager Cixi & LDQUO; Guangdong First Village & RDQUO;

    □  Passman

Some people say that it comes from the pan -ears of the official hat of the Qing Dynasty，Construction of a pot -eared hill wall，In addition bet365 live casino games to the function of fire prevention, there is a layer of reading as an official、The meaning of the official transport Hengtong & mdash; & mdash; Obviously it is not a flat -headed people that can be built casually，First of all, you have to have the name，And you have to distinguish it according to the official position，The larger the official does，Pot ear walls can be built higher，The decoration of its decoration is naturally more beautiful。So，The ear walls of the folk pot are also called & ldquo; Aoyu wall & rdquo;，also extended the meaning of & ldquo; exclusive & rdquo;。So this kind of pot ear house，Most of the past was the mansion of officials、Ancestral Temple、Temple or Academy。

But what makes people wonder is，Lingnan's largest pot -ear houses in the same scale，But built in a small village & mdash; & mdash; Daqitou Village, Sanshui District, Sanshui District, Foshan City & mdash; it covers an area of ​​25,000 square meters，Building area of ​​more than 14,000 square meters，Five temples and home temples as the forefront，Connecting front and back、Left and right penetration，More than 200 one -style hard mountain top pot ear house sitting west to the east layout，Relaxed one，Grand scale，After more than 120 years of wind and rain，So far you can still feel that it once prominently bold。Such -scale pot -ear building complex，How can it be built in this former poor countryside and become a village of ordinary houses?

This has to start with Zheng Shaozhong, the Governor of Guangdong Marine Division。Zheng Shaozhong's former name Zheng Jin，Born during the Qing Dao Guang years，Because of the poor family，Plus a lot of food and people call & ldquo; Big Port Gold & RDQUO;。His word does not know one，But the body is wide and strong，I learned martial arts since childhood，When you are young, you will kill a priest because of a strong victory and win.，衙 门，As a last resort, he had to join the peasant uprising army under the banner of anti -Qing Fu Ming。During the Xianfeng period，When the insurgent army established & ldquo; Dahong Guo & rdquo; he was named Marshal。In the second year of the Tongzhi (1863) of the Qing Dynasty (1863) Qing soldiers besieged & ldquo;，Zheng Dian Ge Xiangbiang，The leader of the Killing upsurge of the Raiders returned to the Qing court。Then he renamed Zheng Shaozhong，Formed & ldquo; An Yong & rdquo; Army follow Zuo Zongtang to suppress the Taiping Army，Zuo Zongtang Baozhang as a company because of his work and merits、Shao、Southern Soldiers and Chaozhou General Soldier，Get the Qing court yellow bet365 best casino games horse gown for reward。

During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty，Zheng Shaozhong was promoted to the Governor of Land Road, Guangdong，Following Governor Zhang Zhidong, Guangdong and Guangxi, participated in the Sino -French War，Aid to the Fujian North Battle、Help Taiwan and recommend Feng Zifu、Edited Liu Yongfu Heiqi Army、Achievement of Gajie in Zhennanguan。He also actively assisted Zhang Zhidong to carry out the Westernization Movement，Building iron armored ship，Establishing Guangdong Water and Land Division School，Guangxu seventeen years (1891) was recommended by Zhang Zhidong and was ordered to be ordered to be the Governor of the Guangdong Marine Division，Keep the Humen Fortress，Become a member of the Sino -French War, Xiao General。

From a rural martial arts & ldquo; small hunter & rdquo;，Zheng Shaozhong interpreted his legendary life。

Just in Zheng Shaozhong as the Governor of the Guangdong Marine Division, this year，He was fortunate to be summoned by the Empress Dowager Cixi & mdash; & mdash;，Gift Top Pin Ding Dai Bing Bing still books，Give the Third Generation of General Zhenwei。When the Empress Dowager Cixi learned of his poor family，When the mother died, she could only live behind the low mud house when she returned home，Moving greatly，Immediately give 60,000 silver and two，The aimed to build a house in his hometown。So a group of large -scale pot -ear houses building complex，Suddenly abruptly in this poverty -stricken field field，Become an ancient village built by Lingnan's independence。

After the big flag is built，Zheng Shaozhong did not live here，Instead, all the houses are given to the villagers in the village。The interesting thing is，As an unknown general，He knows that he must read as an official in the pan of the pot。So a feng shui layout symbolizing & ldquo; four treasures & rdquo;，The three -layer tower on the edge of the pond represents the brush，Tower in front of the tower named Mo Yan Dun，and the Maishi Plaza in front of the shrine symbolizes paper。He hopes to inspire future generations to respect Confucianism，It is said that children in the village today study or exam，Parents will also come here for their & ldquo; open writing & rdquo;，I look forward。

20 years of Guangxu (1894) Zheng Shaozhong's 60th birthday，Empress Dowager Cixi Zeng Yuci Paper & ldquo; Shou & rdquo;，and stamped with & ldquo; Empress Cixi Empress Dowager Royal Pen's treasure & rdquo; Jade Seal。Zheng Shaozhong used a camphor with a two -meter high、One meter wide & ldquo; Shou & rdquo;，Become the treasure of Bet365 lotto review the family's handed down。It is said that Cixi also gave a court firing、Title is & ldquo; Fushou Wannian & rdquo; and a & ldquo; jade carving & rdquo; jade carving。and this & ldquo; emerald cabbage & rdquo; there were only two pieces at the time，Another one has now become Taipei & ldquo; The Palace Museum & rdquo; & ldquo;。

Twenty -two years of Guangxu (1896) Zheng Shaozhong died of illness in Humen Renbi，62 years old，And the large flag -headed pot ear house building complex he has never lived has passed on to this day，Become an unique ancient village in Lingnan。October 2003，Daqitou Village was listed as the first historical and cultural village in my country by the Ministry of Construction and Cultural Relics Bureau，Because it is the first ancient village selected in Guangdong，So people call & ldquo; Guangdong First Village & RDQUO;。

(Author Passenger is a senior cultural commentator)