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Chao opera: an important link of connecting the friendship of Chaozhou people

July 29, 2013 15:20 Source: "Humanities Lingnan", July 26, 2013, Issue 30, Issue 30, 2013

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Hai Lufeng:

Live Museum of Traditional Chinese Drama Form

Zhan Shuanghui text/picture

Folklore acting is a kind of original ecological acting，It is one of the most important dramatic forms in traditional Chinese society。until late in the middle and late Ming Dynasty，Hailufeng (now Shanwei City, Guangdong Province) formed the tradition of folk acting drama，It has been prosperous afterwards。So far，Hai Lufeng still retains multiple ancient dramas，Including the positive characters that are included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list、White character、West Qin Opera、Shadow Play, etc.。

Hai Lufeng is one of the few relics that still completely retain the traditional folk performance of traditional folk performances in my country，Its ancient drama style and shape、Traditional acting cultural space、Native Drama Performance Market、Rich religious folk cultural atmosphere、A variety of acting names and sacrifice acting functions different from general art appreciation，From the perspective today，Like the activated stone left in the process of the transformation of traditional Chinese drama，The living museum of the ancient drama form。

Acting in religious folk activities is indispensable

Hailufeng region religious folklore activities centered on various god temples and clan ancestral halls are very prosperous。Temple、Ancestral Hall、The Opera Tower is the brightest landscape of Hailu Fengcun Club。Whether it is a country or a town，must be a temple in the village，The last name of the surname has ancestral temple，Most village communities also have more than one temple。

Hai Lufeng's temples are mostly built in the Ming and Qing dynasties，presents a strong secular color。Many gods of different denominations are located in a temple，Qiantang Mazu、Housang Guan Gong，Left Rulai、Right Laojun，Even the side side by side，Bybi。These temples、Ancestral Temple and its surrounding square、The stage and other spaces are village communities (especially the elderly、Children、Women) The main places of daily leisure。Almost all temples have their own important days，Ru Shen's birthday、Dao Dao、Removal God Day。Before and after these days，The community people will hold a grand religious sacrifice、Carnival and literary performances，Hailu Feng people call it & ldquo; make trouble & rdquo;。Each time & ldquo; Do hot & rdquo;，Villagers who are not only far away in other places have to rush back to their hometown，Villagers will also invite relatives and friends from Sili and Eight Townships Bet365 app download together & ldquo; Hot & rdquo;，The local people have & ldquo;。

Many communities in Hailufeng、There are multiple festivals a year for the temple，How many times do you have to do & ldquo; Hot & rdquo;，Coupled with the acting celebration of the traditional festival and the ancestral temple sacrifice，Hai Lufeng's religious folk culture can be described as many names。

Religious and folk cultural activities nourished a large number of unique traditional culture and art。Many ancient literary styles are still retained so far，There is a white drama in opera alone、字、West Qin Opera、Shadow Opera、An old rare drama such as puppet show，and bamboo circus、English song and dance、Eight Sound Class、Taoist class、Qu Ban and other a number of opera mature front temple fairs The literary style。

In religious folk activities of various names，Acting is an indispensable link，It is also the entire temple fair、Celebration or & ldquo; Tap the climax in the event。Because the drama performed, it must be matched with sacrifice activities，So also known as acting for sacrifice acting。Hailu Feng people have always had a tradition of donating money to respect God，Donation is except for temples、The renovation construction of the idol，Another important purpose is to ask for entertainment。

Research Base for Folklore Acting Mooth

In the long feudal society in China，Official administrative management only reaches the county level，The vast number of villages are basically in the status of clan autonomy。Under such a management system，The display of the rural clan forces for the clan members，It is undoubtedly very important，The temple fair as the embodiment of the clan forces and the carrier of rural culture，It is an important link to contact the clan members in the inside，It is an important link to contact the clan members in the inside。Because of this，The villagers need to take the temple fair even if they are shrinking to eat food。For Hai and Lufeng people，The popularity of the opera class、The length of the acting time is to measure the scale of the temple fair、An important indicator of grade。Of course，Such folk religious customs have also created a deep humanistic soil for folk acting dramas，Make the traditional drama here present a strong secular religious color。

According to the author's survey of folk drama in Hailufeng area，Since the state has relaxed the control of folk drama performances in the late 1970s，Hai Lufeng Rural Village has always been in the as its main form of folklore.。A prefecture -level city with only more than 3 million people，Annual performances are not 15,000 units、time of more than 100,000 hours，There are more than 150 drama troupes。

In addition to the local unique positive drama、White character、West Qin Opera、Shadow Play and other rare dramas outside，Tide Opera、Tea picking Bet365 lotto review show、Huangmei Opera and other theater groups also stationed in Hailufeng all year round。All the drama performances return completely to the traditional villagers' sacrifice folk performances，Even provincial -level official drama troupes such as Guangdong Chao Theater，For the sake of living, I have to perform various ritual dramas and the disaster in accordance with the requirements of the rural club sacrifice activities、Acts required by rural sacrifice requirements for entertainment gods and ancestors。

Although many dramas in my country have experience in history in history，But like a positive scene、White character、Western Qin Opera, still takes the villagers' sacrifice acting as the sole performance form、The content of the repertoire and the stage performance follows a whole set of sacrifice ceremony of sacrifice drama，And the survival of the theater and even the drama is completely maintained in the place where there are few vocal dramas that sacrifice the drama market。So，Research on Chinese Local Sacrifice Drama in Haiku Feng Rare Drama，For re -understanding Chinese traditional drama and even rebuild a diverse drama theory based on cultural discourse，All of them have typical meaning。In recent years，Hai Lufeng has become an important research base for domestic and foreign folklore acts。

(Author Unit: Institute of Cultural Industry, the School of Social Sciences, Guangdong Province)

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Tide Drama Musical Instruments:

Deep Popular gongs majestic "

Huang Jianfeng text/picture

The beautiful aria of the tide drama，Chaozhou music accompaniment that benefits from elegant and pleasant。The instrument division and martial arts field used in the tide drama，The literary field is orchestra，Martial Arts is percussion，The type is very rich，Among them, the two musical instruments of Shenzhen Polybang and the title are unique to the tide drama。

Good deep wave energy shed

In the tide drama，When the protagonist suffers from all kinds of life suffering，The arias whose confession often uses a cavity called & ldquo; living five -tone & rdquo;。Living five -tone is a kind of sorrow，The tune is euphemistic and deep，Commonly used in expressing grief、Emotional emotion。In a living five -tone vocal，Always use a musical instrument accompaniment，This kind of musical instrument is deep -Bodoplasma。

Deep waves of gong surface diameter is about 60 & mdash; 80 cm，Gongbian high 10 & mdash; 15 cm，Because the gong edge is higher than the ordinary gong，Therefore, the name deep wave。When fighting,，Deep waves are hung on the gong frame，Use a special deep wave 棰棰。Deep waves of 棰 is to make a cylinder with cloth or felt，The center is full of soft cloth or cotton wool，Use a rattan to clamp the center of the head tightly into a stalk。When playing，To hit the best pronunciation point of the gong heart。bet365 live casino games Time，Performance puts his left hand behind the deep wave to control the pronunciation and the length of the residue，Press the gong face with palms，can stop the audio。When the stuffy strike，Cover the gong noodles in the left hand。The sound of the deep wave macro、Low deep、thick，Yu Yinchang，Fusion、Coordinating the audio of various percussion instruments。

Deep Gong as a special musical instrument as a tide drama，Can play the euphemistic emotion of Chaoshan people，It is loved by Chaoshan people。Tide drama ticket friends described: & ldquo; I heard the sound of the deep pest，It feels very & lsquo; Xuexin & rsquo;，I feel that this sound hit the softest point in the heart。& rdquo;

Performance of the drama to the countryside，It is often seen to see the doorway，If you don’t know how to see the excitement。Usually acting on the stage，Under the stage is mixed with various messy sounds，But when the opera reaches the climax，Singing with the five -tone、The sound of the deep Bodi ginces，Under the stage often calm down，Therefore, there is a saying in the tide drama: good deep wave，Will press the shed;。Probably the effect of deep waves can often receive the effect of the platform in the music atmosphere，Good old ugly characters often introduce after midnight，To play the role of the platform。

Chaochi famous painter Lin Yan like Chaozhou Music，He also has a lot of love for the Shenzhen -Bodi gong。There is an art exchange center managed by the tide -managed tide person on the Guangzhou Avenue called Yipintang，Hang a huge deep -Bodontic gong with a wooden frame in the hall。Lin Yan said: & ldquo; (Deep Gong) Yu's heart also，Fanzhi Yitang，It should be so gong sound，Deep and long，Center resonance，This is also wishful。& rdquo;

Deep Gong when playing，Practical grasp of strength，Do not be too large or too fierce，Only the strength is just right，Only the sound of shaking the soul can be knocked out。The sound of the deep -Bodon gong sound is low without publicity、Gong but the most touching，This is actually an indirect manifestation of Chaoshan people who treat others and live and live。

The sound of the head is loud

In the instrumental music of the tide drama，Various ornaments have their own use，Among them, there is one kind of musical instrument sounded，It will make people scare。This instrument is called & ldquo;，In the sound of gongs and drums，The sound of the header is mixed with the sharp and olea，Because of its sound & ldquo; Hu Dudu & RDQUO;，Chaoshan people commonly known as this kind of instrument is & ldquo; Hu Dudu & rdquo;。

The title is a kind of tube instrument，It is connected to the three -section tube that can be scalable，It is more than 1 meter long，The end of the ranging horn -shaped and rolled up inward，There is no certain sound height when playing，All the players' luck to control the height Bet365 lotto review of the sound，The range is generally between g & mdash; e tone，Therefore, the player must be full of breath，Can it be sounded。

The sound of the title is sharp，So feel full of murderous，Scenes often used on the stage for war or triumph celebration，When appearances、The use of strong momentum。The & ldquo; Kill the temple & rdquo;，Qin Xianglian escapes Han Qi's hunting，When appearances，It is a thrilling number of the title，In the sound of the title，Qin Xianglian dragged two children and ran out of the background: & ldquo;，Hate Guan Guan is too fierce，Suddenly listening to the sound of killing later，Can't help but be shocking，Where can I escape，Where can I hide my body at this time。& rdquo; Killing of the title，Immediately mobilized the atmosphere of the whole scene。

Similar to this, there are also in the tide drama "Eight Immortals"，Eight Immortals and Dragon Girl Fighting，Dragon Girl defeated，The scene that Eight Immortals caught up with。In this paragraph，I also used the title。Shrimp Soldier Crab led by Dragon Girl will form a opposition between the two armies with the Eight Immortals，After the Dragon Girl is defeated，The sound of the number on the stage，The whole stage suddenly became nervous，Dragon Girl escapes while singing，& ldquo;，Suddenly Flying Sand and walking stone faint。Sound in the ear，绡 Pa lost my tears & rdquo;，Expressing the embarrassing dilemma of the dragon girl's defeat，At the same time, it also created a prestige for the pursuit of Babian.，It plays a very good stage effect。

In rural areas of Chaoshan，Before acting，All need & ldquo; clean shed & rdquo;，It is said that after the shed，The show can be performed smoothly，The place where the places performed are peaceful。where，The horn sound of the title is said to have a good way to drive away evil spirits。Because of this，When the lunar calendar is sacrificed to the lonely soul wild ghost，If you are invited to the Drama Class，Is it possible to blow the header，Because I am afraid of scaring the ghost、Cleaning。

Originally thought that Chaozhou Gong and Drum Drum was vast，But the sound of gongs and drums is just majestic，One tube head sounds，Disciplinary God is also afraid of shocking ghosts!

(Author Unit: Editorial Department of Baiyun News Agency "Baiyun News Agency")

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The tide drama dialect reflects the inheritance of ancient Chinese

Jiang Feng

Opera as a local dialect to interpret local stories，Many tide dramas are related to local themes，where，There are many female characters in the repertoire with a & ldquo; mother & rdquo; words，Sucho Su Liu Niang in "Su Liu Niang"、Huang Wu Niang in "Chen Sanwu"、Chen Yanniang in Ci Langzhou、Yu Mei Niang, etc. in "Longjing Odou"。The maids in "Su Liu Niang" and "Chen Sanwu Niang" directly referred to these two unmarried girls as & ldquo; A Niang & rdquo;。

bet365 live casino games In ancient Chinese，& ldquo; Mother & rdquo; Except the meaning of the mother，It is also a pan -name for women，Most of them still refer to unmarried girls。If you have & ldquo in the ancient music prefecture's poem "Zi Ye Song"，May Jinlan & rdquo;。Japanese culture has inherited the traditional Chinese culture in China，In Japan until now，& ldquo in Japanese & rdquo; still means girls' meaning。

In the play，Regardless of the & ldquo; mother & rdquo; or in the name & ldquo; A Niang & rdquo;，Instead, it means & ldquo; Miss & rdquo; or & ldquo; lady & rdquo;。The unmarried girl is called & ldquo;。This shows the inheritance of Chaoshan dialect in Chaoshan dialect in Chaoshan dialect。

The tide drama "Longjing Odou" happened in Chaoyang，It tells the heroine Yu Mei Niang's suspicion of her husband Lin Shaoju acid，When Lin Shao went to Beijing to test，Return to Longjing Odou，Forcing my husband to write a break，then remarried，After the remarriage, I heard that Lin Shao Dengzhong Xunyuan，Repentance，Back to Lin Shao's story that requires a compound story。Yu Mei Niang is married to Xiucai Lin Shao，So it is called & ldquo; Xiucai Niang & rdquo;，& ldquo; Xiucai Niang & rdquo;。After taking the book，Yu Mei Niang immediately convened a matchmaker to ask for a matchmaker，At the time, some matchmakers still called Mei Niang & ldquo;，Beautiful Niang Dissatory，The matchmaker then changed his mouth to call him & ldquo;。In the play，When Yu Mei Niang is married，The sang section of the carrier and the matchmaker has a chanting section:

Family: (Sing) A sedan two people carry，No good lady Doro，Regardless of the mother's marriage，Rich and profitable Ruan Just carry it.

Mermaid: Do not carry the sedan to carry the sedan, you have to annoy the aunt to marry the country.

Family: (Sing) A sedan two people carry，Mother -in -law marry and marry，Marrying to Bai Bai has not rest yet，Married to toothless no arrangement。

Mermaid: Do not carry the sedan, worry about the old man.

In this singing section, both ladies and Auntie refers to the beautiful mother.

Another，bet365 live casino games In ancient Chinese，& ldquo; Mother & rdquo;，If in the tide drama "Su Liu Niang"、"Chen Sanwu Niang"，Nie Girl Peach Blossom and Yichun are called the hostess Su Liuniang and Wu Niang & ldquo; A Niang & RDQUO;。

As the first scene of "Chen Sanwu" & ldquo; watch lamp & rdquo; middle，Quanzhou people Chen Sanlu Jing Chaozhou，Late Night Chen San and Wu Niang View Lantern，Chen San's unintentionally lost folding fan，Picked up by Sister Li，One of the dialogues:

Sister Li: Oops，How can there be a golden note fan on the ground，This is the blessing of the old body，A Niang, look at it。

Wu Niang: Poetry on the fan.

Yichun: There is a poem, please think about it.

Wu Niang: Haitian Moid Water Cloud，Doujiu Poems Wanli Love，Disposal dispute name and profit，How to fight with swordsman，Wen Ling Chen Boqing Question。

Yichun: A Niang，Where Bet365 lotto review is Wenling? & hellip; & hellip;

In this paragraph，& ldquo; A Niang & rdquo;。

& ldquo; Mother & rdquo;，The meaning of the Liangjia woman，Only when a woman from a good family can be called & ldquo; Mother & rdquo;，But the language and text are constantly evolving，In addition to the two examples mentioned above，Actually & ldquo; Niang & rdquo;，Different dynasties are different。If in the Tang Dynasty，Yang Guifei is called & ldquo; Niangzi & rdquo;，This means she enjoys a distinguished status。To the Song Dynasty，Most of the ladies refer to unmarried girls，and after the Yuan Dynasty，Mrs. can also be used to call married women，Even the husband and wife are also & ldquo; Xianggong & rdquo;、& ldquo; Lady & rdquo; mutual name。Another，For women engaged in a certain industry, they can also be crowned & ldquo;，For example, embroidery mother、Dai Niang, etc.。

With the evolution of the language，Later generations can be called & ldquo; Mother & rdquo;，Prostitutes from the dust can also be called & ldquo; mother & rdquo;，such as & ldquo; Hua Niang & rdquo;。Chaozhou folk is describing girls' enchanting state，Generally, it is & ldquo;。

(The author is the executive vice chairman of the Baiyun District Writing Association)

Responsible editor: Virtual system user