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Research on Culture of Qiaoguo Township: The powerful motivation of national rejuvenation

February 28, 2014 17:05 Source: "Humanities Lingnan", February 28, 2014, Issue 36, Issue 36, 2014

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Author: Deng Rui

Overseas Chinese who live overseas，The distant foreign country is located，Facing all kinds of difficulties to make a living。For survival，They are bloody with blood、Geopaly Township、Performance of the industry as a bond，Establishing the same dialect、The same area or the same surname & ldquo; fellow citizens & rdquo;、& ldquo; Association & rdquo;。As the overseas Chinese group is increasingly huge，These communities have gradually become them to pray for God、Paying the ancestors，Contact feelings、Development of benefits (such as relief, lonely old and widow, etc.) and the place where difficult solutions are resolved。

The historical context of the club hall

Hakkas established various associations overseas。They realized in long -term migration，Only unity between people，can you overcome difficulties、Over hardship。

The earliest organization established by the Hakkas is called Jixian Museum，Combination belonging to Hongmen。According to information，mid -18th century，More than 70,000 Hakkas arrived in Borneo (Kalimantan) and other places。For survival development，The name of the name & rdquo;，Established more than 20 group organizations。& ldquo; Company & rdquo; It is an economic combination form for rural gangs in Fujian and Guangdong in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties，Later, this name was used by Fujian and Guangdong & ldquo; Hongmen & rdquo;，Hakkas who used gold mining in Borneo at that time，Most of them are & ldquo; company & rdquo;。

At the end of the 18th century，Heaven and Earth Club、Brother Old Club, etc. are all commonly known as a meeting，After the establishment of the middle of 1895, it will be established，Pay great attention to contacting each meeting。After contacting the leaders such as the Heaven and Earth Association，It was called & ldquo;。After the 19th century，With the economic development of the region and the growth of the overseas Chinese population，Overseas Chinese communities in overseas Chinese except the original party，Many blood margins also appeared、Geopon and other relations organized by the relationships organized、Tongxiang Association (referred to as Zongxiang Organization)，Society organizations that become publicly registered for overseas Chinese society。Meizhou Overseas Chinese in Indonesia，The establishment of & ldquo; Bashuang Overseas Chinese Association & rdquo;、& ldquo; Jiaoling Guild & rdquo;、& ldquo;、& ldquo; Jakarta Chayang Club & rdquo;、& ldquo; Badavia Tongxiang Club & rdquo; et al.。1910，Overseas Chinese living & ldquo; Siam Customer Club & rdquo;，Filing to the Siam government，Become a legal society，renamed & ldquo in 1946;。Similar organizations still have a lot in Southeast Asia。

All kinds of industry -based organizations based on the industry are also widely established during this period，Rujiao Guild、Mi Industry Association、Liquor Association、Candle bet365 live casino games Industry Federation、Wood entrance and exit business association、Machine guild, etc.。

Social functions are continuously enhanced

With the development of modern economy、Frequent communication，The scope of the overseas Chinese activity is continuously expanded，The function of the community is also continuously enhanced，Limited range of activities、Small clubs with backward concepts are no longer adapted to the development of the times，It is difficult to deal with challenges from all parties。

Enter the 1950s，Chinese communities in various countries are gradually united in accordance with regional or dialect groups，Get better development，And the relationship between the community is more frequent，The relationship is closer。As the Jiaying Club United Federation of Jiaying Club in Malaysia，It is the United Association consisting of the 24 local Jiaying clubs in Malaysia;，It is the United General Association of the 18 Tai Po Township Association in the country; the French Chongzheng Association、The British Chongzheng Federation、Fellowship in Meixian, Southern California、Vancouver Chongzheng Association, etc. are all national unified combinations of Chinese communities，More influential than the original small community。

In recent decades，As the information age comes，Competition for international commerce is even more intense，In order to gain more development in your career，Many Chinese are ranked among multinational companies，Gathering talents at a higher level、Accumulate capital，Dedicated Chinese communities that are committed to building a worldwide，Welcome to the arrival of the world economic tide。

Evolution of the function of the community

The functions of the early Overseas Chinese Society can be summarized as: sacrifice、Welfare、Friendship、Charity、National Diplomacy, etc.。It is mainly reflected in: worshiping ancestors and gods，Hold the Spring and Autumn Festival two festivals; reception、Setting & ldquo; New guest & rdquo;，Help fellow fellow villagers employment; relieve poverty，Funding difficulties and returning to the hometown to return home; buy Yishan、Jianyi Pavilion，Tongzong fellows in burial customers;，Construction school、Hospital、Building roads and building roads; mediation、Eliminate disputes between Zongxiang and the clubs，On behalf of our hall or Chinese society，Negotiated with the local government about overseas Chinese; when there is a disaster in the hometown，Movement of overseas Chinese donations、Support hometown。At the same time，Also actively participated in the assistance to the disaster of living countries。

Now，As long as the meeting fee is paid，Society or club members can meet regularly，Get the ancestor (national) country、Information from my hometown，Can also contact fellow citizens、Strengthening the friendship、Promoting unity、Mutual assistance to solve problems。This kind of communication can also convey business information，Promoting mutual benefit，Then seek cooperation and development。More importantly，The community also expands the contact between the Chinese and the ancestors (citizenship) of the overseas Chinese，To a certain extent, spread bet365 best casino games Chinese culture、Promoting the development of the world economy is unique and irreplaceable。

(Author Unit: Meizhou Overseas Chinese Federation)

Kaiping, a famous overseas Chinese hometown in Guangdong

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The historical contribution of Chinese overseas Chinese cannot be ignored& mdash; & mdash; Take Zhejiang text as an example

Author: Xu Huabing

Wencheng is located in the southwest mountainous area of Wenzhou，Economic development is restricted by natural conditions。Former Wen adults live & ldquo; Food Naiwan Shi Mixing Weed，The poverty life of the hut is still wearing the wind & rdquo;。Since the reform and opening up，Various businesses in the Wencheng area have been developed for a long time。Where，The contributions of Wencheng Nationality Overseas Chinese cannot be ignored。

Generological Pack: Give Return to Hometown

Overseas Chinese Love、Report Sangzi，The most direct manifestation is the generous pocket of various social welfare undertakings in your hometown。In the development of Wenchengqiao Township Education and the development of various social welfare undertakings，The contribution of overseas Chinese overseas Chinese is very prominent。Visit Qiaocheng Wencheng，The charitable imprints of overseas Chinese in their hometown can be seen everywhere，More precious thing is，The donation career of Wen Chengqiao has maintained sustainability、Good tradition of continuity。

Wen Cheng Overseas Chinese Donation of the Greats Public Welfare Start in 1938。That year，83 Yuhu Overseas Chinese who lived overseas to build the Temple of Yuhu Sangang，This is the only donation of Chinese overseas Chinese before liberation。Since the 1950s，Wencheng Overseas Chinese Chinese Donated Hometown Activities increased significantly，Donations are mainly concentrated in terms of cultural education and infrastructure。During the Cultural Revolution & rdquo;，Wen Chengqiao donated to his hometown not only did not interrupt，The donation quota has increased instead。Where，1973 by Brigade Hee、The raising & ldquo; Yuhu Overseas Chinese Film Theater & rdquo; total fundraising 69458.79 yuan，This is the largest project donated before reform and opening up。After the 1980s，The number of donations from overseas Chinese rose straight，The amount of donations in the 1990s far exceeded the previous total，up to 30.1961 million yuan。1938 & mdash; 1999，7542 people donated by overseas Chinese towns，Donation is equivalent to RMB 40.917 million。Now，The overseas strength of a large number of new immigrants gradually enhances，The effect on the hometown & ldquo; feedback & rdquo;。According to the statistics of "Wen Chengqiao News"，Wencheng Overseas Chinese in 2008 & mdash; in 2010, the amount of local public welfare was as high as 40.35935 million yuan。

Wencheng Overseas Chinese Donation Field is basically the same as the overall situation of overseas Chinese donations，Preferred Education and Health，Pay attention to donations on infrastructure，The donation ratio on the Scenic Scenic Scenery Project also continues to rise。Since the 21st century，Wencheng Overseas Chinese Donation appeared new signs of gathering to people's livelihood engineering，The purpose of the donation has gradually changed from the original Bet365 lotto review pure good deeds to improving the transformation of people's livelihood。The author saw all villages donated by overseas Chinese abroad & ldquo; Overseas Chinese New Village & RDQUO; Project。other，Wencheng overseas Chinese not only cares about the public welfare undertakings of my hometown，donations to Wenzhou and other regions and departments in the country also have a lot of donations。Donate for domestic universities such as Tongji University，Raise good funds for major natural disasters。After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake，Wencheng Nationality Overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese dependents donated 1.828 million yuan。

Since the reform and opening up，The donation of Wen Chengqiao's public welfare cause has a positive impact on the local social development。On the one hand，strongly made up for the shortcomings of local finances，Promoting the development of local education and other social undertakings。On the other hand，Donation of overseas Chinese donations from hometown public welfare undertakings is the externalization of their deep feelings of their hometown。Continuous donation depends on the deep emotion of patriotism and country。The continuous donation activities have maintained close contact with our hometown with overseas compatriots，It is beneficial to the long -term development of Wencheng。

Permanent bridge

Help local agricultural products out of the country

Although the mountain environment enables Wencheng Agriculture & ldquo;，But objectively provides a good ecological environment。Rich animal and plant resources for Wencheng Development Ecological Agriculture、Become Wenzhou's & ldquo; Back Garden & RDQUO; provides prerequisites。Based on this new understanding、New thinking，Wencheng County Government makes full use of ecological advantages，Persist in taking & ldquo; ecological economy，Economic ecological & rdquo; route，Strive to create & ldquo; National Ecological Demonstration Zone & rdquo; golden business card。In recent years，Wencheng County Government began to actively use the advantages of overseas Chinese resources，Guide overseas Chinese capital return to invest in agriculture，Injects new vitality into agricultural production。Overseas Chinese participated in the modernization of local agriculture，Bring advanced production technology and business philosophy，Also with the help of overseas information from overseas Chinese，Let Wencheng's agricultural products move towards the world。oil tea、Sweet Potato Shri, etc. The local products hidden in the mountains，Go abroad because of the propaganda of overseas Chinese、Excessive overseas，Let the Europeans' dining tables have Wencheng's & ldquo; Shanli goods & rdquo;。The export of these products has not only opened up a new way for the vast number of farmers in overseas Chinese，It can also promote the communication of Chinese and foreign culture。

According to Wencheng County Statistics，2006 1 & mdash; May，Under the promotion of the overseas Chinese all over the world，The total export value of various specialty agricultural products in the county reached more than 6 million US dollars。These agricultural products exported abroad，More than 70%of Wencheng Bet365 app download Overseas Chinese Consumption，The demand for foreign merchants is also considerable。Such as 2006，Hundreds of thousands of dollars produced by Bingyang Ocean Co., Ltd., which is produced by Wencheng County Bingyang Co., Ltd., sold to the country through local overseas Chinese in Malaysia; sweet potato is Wencheng's second largest grain crop，The planting area of all year round reaches 45,000 mu，More than 70%for making sweet potato shreds。This characteristic superior product of Wencheng，Sales to 55 countries and regions through more than 100,000 overseas adults。Ru Shan Green Food Co., Ltd.'s three containers' sweet potato shreds were exported to Germany by overseas Chinese operating foreign trade in Europe、Netherlands、Spain and other countries。After the ocean crossing the sea，Wencheng fans have skyrocketed，from the original 4 yuan per kilogram to 4 euros。It is reported，& ldquo; Brother Shan & rdquo;。other，Through the overseas Chinese，Camellia produced by Dashan Green Food Co., Ltd. is also sold smoothly to Europe。

Current，How much does the academic world play a different point of view in the overseas Chinese people's changes in overseas Chinese society，But no matter what，For more than a hundred years，More than 100,000 Wencheng Overseas Chinese has a profound impact on the ancestral real estate，Many changes to make a lot of changes in overseas Chinese society，They are undoubtedly an important force in the modernization of Wenchengqiao Township。

(Author Unit: School of Humanities, Wenzhou University)

Qiaocheng Yuhu Town Information pictures

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Hainan Overseas Chinese Township Culture Research needs to create an independent system

Author: Xing Han Dong

Hainan Province is the famous overseas Chinese hometown in my country，Since the reform and opening up，Economic and social development has achieved attention。At present, there are millions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese in Hainan Province，More than a million returns to overseas Chinese。Qiong Jiqiao Overseas Chinese all over 100 countries and regions in the world，They are overseas、Heart Hometown，Enthusiasticly supports the various construction undertakings of my hometown。Therefore，It is important to do a good job in the research of Hainan's overseas Chinese culture。

Injecting new vitality into the perspective of interdisciplinary angles

Before the establishment of Hainan in 1988，Many experts in the academic circles inside and outside the island are involved in the research of cultural research in Hainan overseas village，and achieved certain achievements，Su Yunfeng、Chen Yongjie、Han Zhenhua、Feng Ziping、Xing Yisen、Zhu Yihui, etc. is the pioneer in related field research。

Later，Under the background of Hainan under 100,000 people，The investment of a group of enthusiastic scholars has led to a wave of research on Hainan culture。Zhou Weimin、Wang Chunyu、Fuhe Ji、Wang Xiang and others actively engaged in the research of cultural research in Hainan overseas village，Let more people join this ranks。At the same time，Haikou、Wenchang、Qionghai and other overseas Chinese townships have set up various local culture research associations，Published a batch of editors、History and Collection。On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Bet365 lotto review province，Hainan Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department and Hainan Provincial Social Sciences Association jointly launched ten volumes、Bai Ben Hainan History and Culture Department，Among them, & ldquo; Overseas Chinese Vol.。This is since the establishment of Hainan，A combing of its historical and cultural。

From the statistics of public publications，The results of the research of Hainan Qiaoguo Cultural Research are mainly concentrated in the following aspects。

First，Overseas Chinese History，Focus on the relationship between the changes in the modern society of Hainan and the overseas Chinese abroad。

Second，The contribution of overseas Chinese to my hometown，Focus on highlighting the overseas Chinese in the Anti -Japanese War、Economic Construction、Contribution of charity and other aspects。

third，Issues of Returning Overseas Chinese，Focus on the construction of overseas Chinese farm、Return of overseas Chinese dependents。

Fourth，Digging the cultural characteristics of overseas Chinese hometown，This is always a hot spot in the research of Hainan's overseas Chinese cultural research。

In recent years，Hainan Qiaoguo Culture Research has a new tendency to cross -disciplinary multi -perspectives。This can be seen from the attempts of some young scholars，They use anthropology、Sociology、Multi -disciplinary research methods such as ethnicology，Multi -dimensional analysis of the cultural phenomenon of overseas Chinese villagers in Hainan，For the research, the new vitality has been continuously injected。

Consolidate the foundation Promoting the research to a new level

With the gradual deepening of cultural research in Hainan overseas Chinese，Many deep -level problems are gradually prominent，If the information is seriously lacking，Talent Qinghuang is not connected，Follow the wind、Repeated research phenomena is heavier，Academic bubble expansion，The quality of results is not high。These issues have greatly restricted the further development of Hainan's overseas Chinese cultural research。

The reason for this situation is multiple aspects: First of all，Basic thin，Starting evening。Hainan is the youngest marine province in China，Active with the economy、After the strong Guangdong Province is separated，It takes a certain amount of time and accumulation。Second，The government is human、material resources、Insufficient investment in financial resources。Hainan as a famous overseas Chinese，So far there is no specialized overseas Chinese cultural research institution，There is no Overseas Chinese Museum，This pace of the development and research of important overseas Chinese townships in the country。Again，Disclosure of research power，Insufficient exchange and cooperation，Topic selection is similar、Research repeated inefficient phenomenon。Last，Under the pressure of the quantitative assessment system of college，The tendency of academic research is not uncommon: blind pursuit of hot spots，Even cultural commercialized hype appeared; the research mentality was distorted，Chasing more achievements, etc.。Under the impetuous atmosphere，Unable to produce good results，Therefore，It should be corrected to this atmosphere，Also bet365 Play online games academic research a pure land。

How to get rid of the predicament，Go out a research path that really belongs to its own，It is the bottleneck that must be broken in the cultural research of Hainan's overseas Chinese。

I think，Except the government attaches great importance to，In addition to improving research conditions，Two points are important。

First，To form an independent research system。As mentioned earlier，Hainan Overseas Chinese Cultural Research has no independent space，Unclear positioning。Hainan regional culture is an extension of the Chinese nation's context，But different types of cultures have their own characteristics，The research method is not the same。Compared with Hainan Li culture，Hainan Qiaoguo Culture has the characteristics of export -to -open opening，Therefore, it should be treated differently in research。In the past century，Hainan Social Economy、Changes in educational culture and lifestyle，Traces of overseas Chinese culture。

Second，Strengthen basic research work，Concentrated strength to excavate the information of the research of the cultural research of overseas Chinese。Hainan Overseas Chinese Township Cultural Research has been hovering at a level for a long time，In the final analysis, there is no foundation，Eager to seek success but want to be fast。If you can patiently consolidate the foundation，Careful tracking dynamics，Hainan Overseas Chinese Cultural Research will definitely go to a new step。

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Hainan Normal University)

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