Cantonese bet365 voucher in historical storms

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Today，Step into Shunde, which is only 800 square kilometers，Many people will be surprised，A place with such a small area is actually known as ";The aircraft carrier of national industry and commerce&bet365 voucher;，Having beauty、Galanz、Many well-known companies such as Wanhe。

Visiting Cantonese bet365 voucher at the Wind and Cloud Meeting

More than a hundred years ago，That is, before and after the Revolution of 1911，Shunde also experienced“Guangdong Hai Traffic Leader，Lingnan machine shaft first mold&bet365 voucher;Xue Guangsen, a great industrialist，The silk factory he operated、Machine Factory、Diesel Engine Factory、Miji Factory，Second to none in China at that time，The number of industrial workers in Shunde is the highest in the country。

Go back a hundred years，bet365 voucher’s the time when the Thirteenth Line is booming，Its foreign trade spans the world，The financial network even covered countries that were industrializing in Europe and the United States at that time，So much so that some people think，Capital support of the Western Industrial Revolution，Businessmen from China’s Thirteenth Bank。

Shunde Thirteen bet365 voucher，Tan Kangguan from Li Kang, Yong and Qian dynasties，To Guan Chengfa during the Qianjiadao period、Li Guangyuan……Can be verified，There are quite a few。Today，Shunde’s legend about them、Folk proverbs are also widely broadcast。

Of course，Go further back，The Cantonese bet365 voucher in the Pearl River Delta are always so outstanding and brilliant，Even the German scholar Lichthofen who visited China in the 18th century came to the following conclusion:

Big bet365 voucher belongs to Cantonese people.

bet365 voucher people control almost all industries in China，The industrial products were spread to Europe hundreds of years ago。

Guangdong people have outstanding talents in running big bet365 voucher and big transportation industry……

This is not a compliment。Lichthofen proposed “Silk Road&bet365 voucher;'s first person，And Guangdong，Without a doubt，It is the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road。It is the Maritime Silk Road of more than 2,000 years，Give it to Cantonese businessmen to run big businesses、Big transportation industry、Confidence of big industry。And Shunde，From thirteen merchants to the helmsman of today’s national industrial and commercial aircraft carrier，Is the most outstanding representative of Cantonese businessmen。

Lichthofen said that the industrial products of Guangdong merchants were spread to Europe hundreds of years ago，And ask for the same price as Europeans，Refers to the Thirteen bet365 voucher。Hong Kong merchants almost controlled the Nanyang trade before the Opium War。According to statistics，In 1819, China earned 22.82 million taels of silver from maritime trade with Europe and the United States，As of 1833，Every year, more than 23 million taels of silver are earned from maritime trade with Europe and the United States。

Pan Qiguan, a businessman bet365 voucher/Photo provided

bet365 voucher merchant to comprador:

Committed to promoting the bet365 voucher of national industry

Actually，The annual income of 23 million taels，Not necessarily a complete statistics。Because as early as the Yongzheng period，Chinese merchants hold a large share in Western merchant ships，Even all。Pan Qiguan once mentioned it，A sunken foreign merchant ship，In fact, it was all invested by him。And the richest British East India Company，Also 20% of the shares belong to Pan Qiguan。Among the 37 Swedish merchant ships coming to China，30 ships are under Chinese control，Several other ships also have shares in Hongshang。Once called "by Americans";The richest man in the world&bet365 voucher;Wu Haoguan，Has assets of 26 million taels of silver。After Thirteen Lines was destroyed，He is still investing in the Pacific Railway in the United States，The annual interest is more than 200,000 taels of silver。

“Pan Luwuye，Tan Zuo Xu Yang，Dragon, Phoenix, Tiger and Leopard，Jianghuaihehan&bet365 voucher;，This is a folk proverb from the Jiadao period，It can be seen that the South at that time had already abandoned ";Shi, Nong, Industry and Commerce&bet365 voucher;Traditional values ​​in which Shang is the last one，Very positive comments on Guangdong businessmen。Only a few mentioned above，And they，As a whole, it constitutes the &ldquo investment in Western advanced industries.;Shadow banking&bet365 voucher;，Their investment orientation is obvious——Industry，This has also become the deepest historical tradition of Guangdong businessmen。Just because of the feudal system at that time，Although the merchants are rich, they can rival the country，But many failed to invest domestically，The advanced technology of the West was regarded by the Qing court as a strange skill，Cannot be accepted by feudal rulers。After the two Opium Wars，Thirteen lines were wiped out，The name of Hongshang has also become history。Some of them“It’s a matter of course&bet365 voucher;Transformation of land into comprador。

If businessmen cannot avoid relying on the officialdom，Must buy a red top to pretend to be an adult，Then compradors mainly rely on foreign businessmen。“Human attachment&bet365 voucher;Start converting to contractual relationship，This is how the later national industry and commerce got off to a difficult start...;…History after paying a heavy price，Finally a glimmer of light。

The Thirteen Businessmen later became the backbone of the Westernization Movement，Like a well-known real estate developer、Industrialist、Xu Run from Zhongshan，It’s“Eight Great Masters&bet365 voucher;Xu family’s nephew。Changed directly from merchant to comprador，Wu Jianzhang, etc. who have treasures going smoothly。Under the Westernization Movement，Tang Tingshu and many other famous compradors are promoting Chinese industry，It can be said that it is a painstaking effort，Railway built and demolished，Tear down and build again，We arrived at the end of the 19th century before we knew it，Nearly half a century later than others。After experiencing the rise and fall of the Westernization Movement，Xu Run only left an empty grave for himself in the end，See the bitter humiliation of the comprador。

Xingshang Pan Youdu bet365 voucher/Photo provided

Xingshang Wu Haoguan bet365 voucher/Photo provided

New Guangdong bet365 voucher display

Millennium Lingnan bet365 voucher Spirit

No matter how you evaluate the rights and wrongs of the Westernization Movement，It is an indisputable fact that China’s national industry and commerce have struggled to rise。Ma Qingbiao and others“Big Four Companies&bet365 voucher;，I started it entirely with the funds I saved through hard work overseas，The founders of the four major companies are all Zhongshan people，With Xu Run、Tang Tingshu and others are fellow countrymen，Their businesses have broken away from the family business model，Adopted a joint-stock system。

Today’s Cantonese businessmen have been following the tradition of operating industries since the Thirteenth Bank of China，He Xiangjian、Ma Huateng, etc.，This is the new generation of Cantonese businessmen who have risen rapidly since the reform and opening up。Early 1990s，Shunde started property rights reform，Further lifting the constraints on Guangdong businessmen，In turn, bet365 voucher affects the entire mainland of China，Making important contributions to China’s rapid economic development after joining the WTO，Once again gave birth to a group of more far-sighted people、New Guangdong businessmen with greater scientific and technological strength。Li Ka-shing, who has been operating in Hong Kong、Huo Yingdong、Lee Shau Kee, etc.，Became a world-class rich man in more than half a century。

From Hongshang、Comprador to the national industrialist and businessman of the 20th century，And today’s new Guangdong bet365 voucher，All show the vitality of the booming economy in this hot land of Guangdong。

(Author’s unit: bet365 voucher Pearl River Culture Research Association)

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The cultural genes of Guangdong bet365 voucher

Cheng Yuhong

How to define“Guangdong Businessman&bet365 voucher;？If based on demographic characteristics，Businessmen or entrepreneurs who were born or originally from Guangdong；Or based on geographical features，Businessmen or entrepreneurs developing in Guangdong。The author advocates defining the category of Cantonese businessmen from a cultural perspective，That is, recognizing certain values ​​in business activities，Or its business behavior reflects certain value orientations，An industrial and commercial occupational group that is highly related to Lingnan culture。

Cantonese bet365 voucher are a cultural phenomenon

If business gangs are regarded as a cultural phenomenon，Easy to find，In the rich and colorful business activities and widely varying career forms of this group，Naturally showing some kind of“Universal&bet365 voucher;。

With the “New Guangdong Businessman&bet365 voucher;Example，They show“Run and walk when the green light comes，Go around when the red light comes，Feel your way when there is no light&bet365 voucher;'s“Universal&bet365 voucher;。If we ask this“Universal&bet365 voucher;Why it came about，The answer can only be: it is a“Meet by chance&bet365 voucher;8620_8623，That is“Outer Edge&bet365 voucher;(Social environment in the early stage of reform、Economic policy, etc.) and “Internal cause&bet365 voucher;(cultural gene，The result of the joint action of regional cultural values。

Research on Guangdong Business Culture，Can’t stop at collecting and summarizing business gangs’“Universal&bet365 voucher;，Combining and researching the cultural genes of business gangs，Seems more valuable。

First，Cultural values ​​highly related to regional culture，It is the difference between a specific business gang and other business gangs，is its unique“Traits&bet365 voucher;。

Secondly，Cultural genes are the &ldquo of the business life form;Formal cause&bet365 voucher;with“dynamic cause&bet365 voucher;。In other words，Cultural genes are related to the rise and fall of business gangs。

final，Shang Gang's“Built to Last&bet365 voucher;The key is to take measures to curb those cultural genes that may lead to decline；And“Innovation&bet365 voucher;，You must base yourself on the lurking “Growth factor&bet365 voucher;，Create suitable external conditions for its growth。

The musical culture of Guangdong bet365 voucher

The author once sorted out the cultural genes of Cantonese bet365 voucher from the perspective of musical culture。

Some scholars believe，What Chinese people seek in social life is a kind of ";Enjoy it&bet365 voucher;’s aesthetic pleasure，Requires spiritual peace and happiness in the real worldly life。

There are two basis for analyzing Guangdong bet365 voucher culture from the perspective of musical culture.

First，From a horizontal comparison，With diligence、Frugal、Compared to ascetic Western Christian businessmen，Guangdong businessmen appear to be more “Delicious、Fun、Good fun&bet365 voucher;，Nothing has changed since ancient times。Secondly，From the perspective of vertical cultural origins，In Lingnan Culture“乐&bet365 voucher;concepts (such as Chen Baisha“The joy of nature&bet365 voucher;、Zhan Ganquan's“和乐&bet365 voucher;say)，Compared to other regional cultural circles，Easier to be accepted by the Cantonese business community。Based on the cultural perspective of musicality，The author summarized the three genes of Guangdong business culture。

Optimism，This is how to look at“Future&bet365 voucher;’s attitude and value orientation。They believe that the world is always evolving towards goodness，The future is worth looking forward to。Although pain is inevitable in life，But pain is always temporary，It can be overcome。But look at this spirit from another angle，Lack of crisis awareness。

Free Spirit，This is the behavioral orientation dimension，That is, against external constraints、Emphasis on the subject’s self-choice and spiritual freedom，Do not stick to existing authorities and paradigms，Dare to break through external constraints，Explore and try new things，Through self-choice、Obtain spiritual pleasure and self-efficacy through self-control and other methods。This is a Cantonese bet365 voucher venture、Important psychological dynamic mechanism of innovative behavior。But emphasize individual freedom，Resulting in a certain degree of weak institutional awareness，Lack of interest in establishing an institutionalized rationalist governance model。

Spirit of Harmony，This is the interpersonal orientation dimension。The harmonious spirit of Guangdong business culture，With Confucianism“和&bet365 voucher;’s concept is far away，Close to Taoism，Similar to what Lao Tzu said “Fruit the sharpness，Resolving the differences，And its light，Like the dust&bet365 voucher;’s mysterious concept。From a certain orthodox standpoint，Cantonese business culture，A mixture of three religions and nine streams，“Not high level&bet365 voucher;。The author thinks，This is exactly the Taoist style“Xuan Tong&bet365 voucher;Display of the concept of harmony。

Lingnan Mind Science“和乐&bet365 voucher;Enlightenment of Observation

If economic activities originate from individuals’ motivation to pursue wealth，So the true value of business culture，It’s not about spreading the message of maximizing the profit-seeking motivation of a group of people”;Secret&bet365 voucher;，It’s about constructing a certain conceptual mechanism，Suppress or transform those irrational desires for profit。From the perspective of musical culture，&ldquo in Lingnan Psychology;和乐&bet365 voucher;Concept，Especially revealing。Specifically:

Happiness alone is not as good as happiness among others。Zhan Ganquan, a Lingnan psychologist in the Ming Dynasty, opposed the ";Cun Tianli、Destroy the desire of others&bet365 voucher;said，He thinks，“Only by nature, people have desires，Want not to have nothing，It cannot be without，The speaker of desirelessness，Confused&bet365 voucher;，“But eating and drinking can also be done by men and women？King Qi is lustful，Mencius cited the King of Etai；Good goods will attract public attention。Therefore, the relationship between public and private affairs is tied to this heart，It’s not about the goods&bet365 voucher;。This means that everyone has a desire for profit，A gentleman prefers himself to others，“Apply one's thoughts to another&bet365 voucher;。In this sense，Individuals’ desire to gain wealth in business activities，There is nothing wrong with it。But you cannot only consider maximizing your own interests，Need to take into account the interests of other stakeholders、Have fun with others，This is true happiness。

Respect and enjoy it。Zhan Ganquan is answering his disciple Ge Jian“How to be harmonious&bet365 voucher;Shi said: “Respecter Yiye。One has no desires，If you have no desires, you will be free and happy&bet365 voucher;，“We really want it，Only for deacons to work hard，Being alone and reading to socialize，Nothing more than that&bet365 voucher;。How to work hard as a deacon，He said: “Every time you encounter a composition in life，Just work on your composition，Easy to study and study when reading，Wu Ling Collection，Don’t let it go，That’s Li Jing。&bet365 voucher;Emphasize that people must“Li Jing&bet365 voucher;，Collect distractions，Concentrate on getting things done，And this state of mind that is completely absorbed，You can feel it now“Carefree&bet365 voucher;。This kind of spiritual happiness，No external happiness can be easily overcome。

Related to this is，When Zhan Ganquan was appointed Minister of the Ministry of War in Nanjing，Zeng Shang memorial proposed the "Four People";Specialized in his profession&bet365 voucher;，Advocate“Scholars, farmers, industry and commerce each have their own place，So I specialize in my profession……Professional in everything, professional in profession，Professional expertise is determined，The will of the people governs the world&bet365 voucher;。In his opinion，Gongwudingsi、Business has no fixed trend，Only extravagance and profit are the trend，can be called“Floating People&bet365 voucher;，It’s because of undecided career。

It’s not hard to see，Those who advocate industry and commerce“Determine your ambition&bet365 voucher;、“Specialized in his profession&bet365 voucher;’s concept，For the current business world“Make quick money&bet365 voucher;、“Hot Spots&bet365 voucher;’s impetuous style of competition，Still capable of warning and criticizing。

(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 voucher Administration, South China University of Technology)

[NextPage]

Reflection on Lingnan’s bet365 voucher spirit

Gu Wenjing

Lingnan bet365 voucher spirit has distinctive growth characteristics，Low-key、Pragmatic、Integrity、Cooperation and tolerance、Pioneering and enterprising is the excellent gene of Lingnan economy，But when economic development requires a new round of self-breakthrough and self-transcendence，A profound reflection on Lingnan’s bet365 voucher spirit is very necessary and urgent。

“Pragmatic&bet365 voucher;The connotation and standards

Pragmatism is the main characteristic of Lingnan’s business spirit，It is also a key factor in the success of Guangdong businessmen，But there is still no clear statement or explanation of the pragmatic connotation and standards。There is another popular way of saying pragmatism——“Get it done&bet365 voucher;，Just handle things well。But how to count it as handled well，What is the standard，Very few companies think carefully about this issue，So that after developing to a certain stage，Differences in understanding about future development。

Current Guangdong business enterprise，Both the enterprising and the conservative call themselves pragmatic。Different companies face different internal and external environments and corporate foundations，It is not controversial to adopt different coping methods，But the question is whether their pragmatic understanding is based on a unified platform。When there is a contradiction between quality and quantity，To keep up with the rapid increase in quantity and sacrifice part of the quality，I would rather give up quantity for quality？It is the pursuit of excellence，As long as the quality meets the standard？In order to meet the needs of the market“Sick&bet365 voucher;Job，Let’s slow down、Take every step steadily？……Which approach is more “Pragmatic&bet365 voucher;？I’m afraid it’s worth pondering for everyone who cares about the growth of Guangdong businessmen。

Talk about future development，Pioneering and innovative is a manifestation of pragmatism，But there is no strategic goal guidance and practical and reliable guarantee for pioneering and innovation，It is not pragmatic；To avoid risks and only maintain temporary interests，It is definitely not the real“Pragmatic&bet365 voucher;。Guangdong businessmen have developed so far that they must face the “Pragmatic&bet365 voucher;Have a clear concept，Otherwise“Pragmatic&bet365 voucher;It may become a stumbling block to future development。

“Low-key&bet365 voucher;Confidence of degree

bet365 voucher early days of reform and opening up，There are many difficulties bet365 voucher development and growth of all new things，High profile、What a great new thing，Their vitality is often fragile，Cannot withstand scrutiny and long-term testing，Low-key is sometimes a good form of self-protection。

Now Lingnan culture has developed into a backbone of the merchant gang culture，If you keep a low profile, you will lose the opportunity for communication and cooperation，It is a harm to the further improvement of Lingnan’s bet365 voucher spirit。

Lingnan Culture，Entrepreneurs always tend to work hard，Not good at words。Although there are many successful cases among enterprises，But he can formulate his own methods and systems into theories，There are very few works summarizing based on corporate experience and culture，Many live cases that are of great significance to enterprise development and social development are buried in“Low-key&bet365 voucher;Among，This is for business practitioners and business researchers，It’s all regrettable and regrettable。Building a new brand of Lingnan culture、Today we meet new challenges，Entrepreneurs must have a solid theoretical foundation and rich practical experience，Develop sharp thinking and open communication skills。

Emphasis on low-key modest changes，This is not meant to be exaggerated or vulgar propaganda。Wenwan、Humility、Tolerance、Friendliness is the foundation of Lingnan’s business spirit，While conducting cultural exchanges and experience exchanges in Lingnan，The cultural heritage of Lingnan business is the focus of transmission。But we must also look at it from a development perspective“Low-key&bet365 voucher;Connotation，Being low-key does not mean being silent、Refuse to communicate and deliver。After years of polishing and baptism of the market，Lingnan business spirit eliminates impetuosity while maintaining characteristics，Perfection reflected in simplicity，Nobility reflected in maturity，And this nobility also contains the beauty of kindness and gentleness。This kind of beauty needs Lingnan enterprises to pass it on instead of burying it，But the method of delivery needs careful study，Being straightforward and high-profile always involves risks，The implicit high-profile is the intention。

The expansion of Lingnan’s new bet365 voucher spirit

With the continuous development and growth of Lingnan enterprises，The company’s own sense of social mission is becoming more and more intense，This sense of mission effectively enriches and enhances Lingnan’s bet365 voucher spirit。

So-called“Mission&bet365 voucher;，Mainly from the perspective of corporate social responsibility。Lingnan has had relief donations since ancient times、The folk custom of charity，At first, many Lingnan business gangs simply understood social responsibility as charity，But this is a superficial view of social responsibility、One-sided、Narrow understanding。Social responsibility does not always have to appear "";sublime&bet365 voucher;、“Great&bet365 voucher;，It is a systematic thinking about all activities of the enterprise，Including solving employment、Create value for customers、Winning global influence for Made in China through competition。The entrepreneur’s sense of mission is the soul of the enterprise，Determines the ultimate goal of enterprise development，Entrepreneurs as social elites and public figures，Their mission also reflects the mission and values ​​of people in the contemporary corporate ecosystem。

Currently Lingnan enterprises are in a period of transformation and upgrading，The most critical transformation is the change of values。What enterprises need to take off again is soft power、Values ​​that can promote the development of social civilization，Entrepreneurs must strive to uphold the basic norms of society，Be the mainstay of health，The Lingnan bet365 voucher spirit must have the power to enable people to find inner peace in a simple life。

The core competitiveness of Lingnan’s economy can be traced back to the transformation and improvement of Lingnan’s bet365 voucher spirit，This is a higher level of cultural competitiveness。Broader inclusiveness and a higher level of mission can give companies great advantages in acquiring tacit knowledge，Mutual trust、Respect、Tacit understanding and win-win are the essence of Lingnan’s bet365 voucher spirit。

(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 voucher Administration, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics)

Editor in charge: virtual system user