Editor's note: Current，With the adjustment and upgrading of the national economic and industrial structure，my country is gradually entering the stage of industrialization from the stage of industrialization。In this process，A large number of traditional industries face a huge impact，A large number of abandoned industrial relics appeared with this，How to deal with these relics has become a urgent issue of the times。Scholar said，Research on strengthening the protection of industrial heritage，It can promote more efficient and better transformation，Promote the improvement and repair of urban environment ecology，This is built with beautiful China、The harmonious society of ecological civilization is consistent。

　　bet365 live casino games

　　Liu Junmin

Industrial heritage is more concerned among new type of cultural heritage，Is the current protection、A branch with a prosperous display and research work。It directly reflects the view of human heritage、Reconstruction of values，The research on its theory and practice also has important academic and practical significance。In the field of sustainable and reasonable use in the inheritance，Industrial heritage also takes a lot of steps because of its innate advantages，and a large number of attractive practical cases。

　　Industrial Heritage Protection originated from the late 19th century and early 20th century

Industrial heritage includes closely related to industrial，Can be used for industrial production for the past or is still underway、Extraction of raw materials、Product processing、Sites provided by the energy and transportation facilities as industrial infrastructure、community、Area and landscape，and related machines、Items and files, etc.。

The identification and protection activity of industrial heritage，It is generally believed that the "Industrial Archeology" that originated in the end of the 19th century and early 20th century，Experts and scholars in some important industrial cities realize that they need to set up a special society，to study and protect the various elements in the history of industrial development of the city。

The booming development of the two areas of academic and practical reflects the significant value and development potential of the industrial heritage category itself。With the booming of the post -war world economy and the vigorous development of the cultural movement，to the 1970s，The concept of industrial heritage protection of the first setting system is gradually formed，and its iconic incident was the 1973 International Industrial Memorial Conference held at the George Iron Bridge Museum in the UK，and the establishment of the 1978 International Industrial Heritage Protection Commission (Ticcih)。Although related research on industrial heritage starts, it is not late，But as an important category in the field of international cultural heritage，3046_3068。This stage，After the rapid development period of the world after the war，Facing the adjustment bet365 live casino games of urban industrial structure、Industrial Gate Update and other questions，Large factory building、Industrial bases, etc. are facing abandonment and demolition，And some of the industrial heritage with important value has not been fully valued and studied，It has suffered a large loss and caused widespread attention。

Facing the severe reality and the important value of the industrial heritage itself，2006，The Council of the International Monument Site (ICOMOS) will designate the theme of the "International Heritage Site Day" on April 18 of the year as "Protecting Industrial Heritage"，also promoted widespread attention and positive discussions worldwide，my country also takes this opportunity to hold the "China Industrial Heritage Protection Forum"，Published a series of guiding documents and academic research and concept promotion articles such as "Wuxi Recommendation"。2012，The International Industrial Heritage Protection Commission has passed the "Taipei Declaration of Asian Industrial Heritage"，Principles of the protection of adaptability for the history and current status of Asian industrial heritage。

　　Practice of the Protection of Industrial Heritage at home and abroad

The molding of the concept is inseparable from the exploration of practice。The specific cases of industrial heritage protection and reuse have attracted people's attention earlier than the theory of molding。The George Iron Bridge Museum Group, which was held as the first international industrial commemorative conference，Located on the former site of the Iron Bridge Canyon Industry，Occasionally 10 square kilometers，Including 10 industrial commemorative land and museum、285 protection industrial buildings，and protect and display the entire area as the overall industrial landscape。This museum is one of the important tourism places in Britain，Through years of ecological environment repair and site protection，recreational access to more than 300,000 domestic and foreign tourists every year。

In addition to the use of museum，Urban Industrial Heritage Building and Architecture Unique core location、The features of wide space and huge volume，and the relatively low land price brought after the decline of the original function，Make it easier to marry with cultural creativity and art industry。The French Oussean Art Museum and British Modern Art Museum, which are the world's most famous art museums in the world，Converted from the old railway station and power plant in the core area of ​​the city。And more representative is the industrial heritage of the industrial heritage in the Suhe District of Manhattan, USA。Suhe District was the famous traditional industrial zone before World War II，After the economic depression, due to the relocation of the factory，A large number of factory buildings and warehouses are idle，Due to the deterioration of regional socio -economic conditions，Low price，attracted a group of artists to organize their internal space as artistic creation、Works of work display and exchange party，This has formed the famous "Suhe Mode"。

in the country，More famous industrial heritage cultural and creative parks include Beijing 798、Shanghai Suzhou River、Guangzhou Red Factory, etc.，Under the influence bet365 best casino games of the successful pioneer operating mode and operating philosophy of the success of the above -mentioned successful pioneer，Similar projects are organized by themselves，Such as the Xi'an Textile City Art District and Dahua Sin "Dahua · 1935"。

　　It is an indispensable history of urban residents

For the past two centuries，The global industrialization process that humans have witnessed and affected by it have become an important stage of human history，The heritage of this development stage plays a vital role in the contemporary world。For the city，The significance of the industrial heritage has the following three points。

First，Industrial Heritage is a group memory of urban residents being disappearing and fading。Some of the industrial cities born and prosperous with urban modernization，With the re -planning of urban functions such as "Retreating Two"，Some old industrial areas have gradually embarked on the road of decline and decline，This is a natural process。But，The demise of the industrial entity does not mean that it is for the region、The significance of the whole country and the world disappears。On the contrary，It is precisely because industrial heritage has witnessed a large number of history that is closely related to local development、Society、Technology、Economic and Aesthetic factors，Itself constitutes an indispensable history of urban and urban residents，Therefore, it is the responsibility of the city manager and heir to protect it and reorganize it.。

Second，Industrialization and modern urban planning and development have inherent connections，and the formation of the ecology of modern city is important。With the further transformation of urban functions in the new century，The social relationship between people will change further，So how to make the relationship between people more harmonious through planning、More constructive，Undoubtedly need to learn lessons from the relics of the previous transformation，and protect it as a civilized achievement、Show。

third，Industrial experience is an important part of urban culture，Human imagination and creativity in industrial civilization should be inherited to the next generation。Protection of industrial heritage also requires authenticity、integrity and original site protection，Encourage the establishment of a detailed record file and open it for research。Under the appropriate protection measures，Maintain through the original industrial function，Reasonable use of transformation，Museum、Art Museum、Experience Hall Construction and other methods，Give full play to its education、Culture、Recreation experience function。

　　(Author Unit: School of Cultural Heritage of Northwest University)

　　The current situation and prospect of the urban industrial heritage of our country

　　Xiao Jianli

Urban Industrial Heritage has high historical value、Scientific value and artistic value，History information reserved，Reflected the economic and social development process of the city，Witness the glory of the city in the industrial era，enriched urban landscape，Continuing urban culture。Promoting green buildings、Today's ecological city，The development model Bet365 lotto review of tingling and reconstruction has become increasingly departing from the ecological green environmental concept，The economic value of the Urban Industrial Heritage is not allowed to be small，Become an attraction point with a unique charm。

　　my country's urban industrial heritage protection and utilization presents four types

April 18, 2006，Holding the China Industrial Heritage Protection Forum in Wuxi，and passed the "Wuxi Suggestion"，I believe that since the Opium War，Modern industrial construction at various stages of China，Both witnessed the changes and development of modern Chinese economy and society，It is a distinctive urban industrial heritage。"Wuxi Suggestion" marks the new stage of the research and practice of urban industrial heritage protection and reuse in my country。Beijing's 798 factory area，Shanghai's M50 (formerly Shanghai Chunming Coarse Textile Factory)、Bridge No. 8 (formerly Shanghai Automobile Brake Company) and other creative industrial parks，Wuxi China Mud Museum (formerly Wuxi Mud Factory) ... The protection and utilization of urban industrial heritage has become the highlight of the city。

my country's urban industrial heritage protection and utilization presents the following types。

First，A creative industrial park model combined with the creative industry。This is the most recognized protection and re -use mode，Compared with the function of creative industrial parks，Art creation、Low the entry threshold of multimedia production and small catering，Easy to gather popularity，And the volume of industrial heritage buildings is generally large，Can provide more space for artists，And can stimulate the architect's innovative thinking，It is also more attractive for users。From the perspective of protection，Artists generally retain the original industrial heritage construction (structure) as much as possible，Even some production equipment is preserved as the original，Protection principles that meet the maximum limit。

Second，Museum mode combined with art display。Art display requires space with personality，and the industrial heritage can provide such space just right。If the "Hongfang" Shanghai Sculpture Art Center transformed by the original Steel Tenth Factory，The Wuxi Chinese Mud Museum Museum, which was transformed by the original Wuxi Mud Factory, has achieved great success.。

third，and business、Business model combined with office。Industrial Heritage has a wider range of utilization space，Industry upgrade，From traditional industry to business、Transformation of modern service industries such as office，It perfectly realizes the function conversion in the same space。For example, the Creative Park, Shanghai 8 Bridge Creative Park, transformed by the former Shanghai Automobile Brake Company、1933 Old Field Fang, which was transformed from the former Shanghai Ministry of Industry's slaughterhouse，Become a new business、City hotspots in business functions。

Fourth，Park mode combined with landscape。Zhongshan Qijiang Park, which is transformed by the former Guangdong -Central Shipyard、Shanghai World Expo Park Park Park, etc.，Freight Railway、station field、Industrial heritage elements such as Steel Factory workshop provides a unique landscape for the park。

bet365 Play online games Although my country's industrial heritage is used again, it looks beautiful，But there are still many problems。First of all, the problem of protection，In the practice of industrial heritage for more than 10 years，Farly more protected by demolished; second，The mode of re -use is still a single，Museum -style static protection of its audience is limited after all，and the creative industrial park must truly have "creativity"; finally, the property right problem，Reconstruction of Industrial Heritage is a manifestation of the "retreat of two -in -three" process in the urban industry，But the current land use system makes it difficult to transfer the property rights of this model。

　　Realize the coordination of industrial heritage protection and socio -economic development

How to truly realize the protection and reasonable use of industrial heritage? first，To conduct an industrial heritage census，Classified classification for protection。Due to the many types of industrial heritage，The existing situation is also different，Need a detailed census and survey，Classified classification to formulate protection methods。

Next，Institutionalization of protection and utilization，The protection of industrial heritage can be said to start with the personal behavior of artists and architects，It has great randomness，Therefore, the protection of industrial heritage needs to be institutionalized，combined with the current cultural relics and historical and cultural city protection systems。

again，Diversification of encouraging use。Creative has no limit，Diverse use model will add greater charm to the protection of industrial heritage，Therefore, the protection work has a more solid social foundation。

Last，Promote "Adaptability and Reuse"，Make it an integral part of the modern city。Appropriate use will make the inheritance maximum and reproduce its vitality，The change of the most important structure is reduced to a maximum limit and this change is reversible，without the cultural significance of the inheritance in the substantive sense。and，Re -use through industrial heritage combined with the development of modern urban development，Integrate it into the urban function，Can reproduce the value of the inheritance，Integrated development with modern cities。

In short，Economic development should be formed、Urban Function、Protection and utilization mode that is compatible with the ecological environment，Balanced interaction of industrial heritage protection and social and economic development、Harmonious coexistence。It is necessary to protect the industrial heritage，The necessity and irreplaceability of the long -term development of industrial heritage to the city's long -term development，The actual value of industrial heritage should be used as much as possible，Uniqueness and new vitality reflected when re -use through inheritance，Let the whole society recognize the charm and attraction of industrial heritage，Simultaneous coordination of the protection of urban industrial heritage and social and economic development。

　　(Author Unit: School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University)

　　 Public understanding is the most reliable industrial heritage protection method

　　Reporter  Li Yongjie

Depart from Haixinsha, a new city in Guangzhou，East along Bet365 app download the Pearl River all the way，After about 7 kilometers, I came to the famous "Guangzhou Red Factory/Art and Design Factory" in Lingnan。rows of rough old -style red brick factories，Occasionally there are mottled yellow mud walls flashing，There are sometimes unknown weeds on the open space.，complement the green banyan trees scattered in it，Like a modern watercolor painting。In the afterglow of the sunset，This scene is sometimes vicissitudes of light。

Planner who participated in the design of the Red Factory Qi Shengli once said，"Even if you see this plant now，Still feel very distinctive，The houses are all with red brick barriers，The environment also remains very good，Many big trees in the age of 560。Whether it is the environment，Still the design and building materials of the building，All can make you feel a kind of historical and cultural existence。The architecture of those years can make people evoke the sense of story and the desire to explore，More conducive to creation。”

The Red Factory was built in 1956, China's largest canned factory -Guangzhou Cans Factory，Transform the abandoned production workshop into LOFT，It is fashionable and can be given infinite inspiration，It exudes a brilliant urban culture and historical atmosphere，is the brand of urban development。

With the continuous development of the city and the adjustment of industrial layout，A large number of old factories withdraw or close from Guangzhou City，Leave this city with industrial buildings with Lingnan characteristics。Among them，Some factories retain the original factory building，Utilization through transformation，Become a creative cultural and creative park，Ruhong Factory;，Now it has become a bar、Cinema、Restaurant，It is a good place for Guangzhou people entertainment and leisure;、Badminton Stadium; Other old factory buildings have now been transformed into young people in young people。

In recent years，The protection and re -use of industrial heritage are increasingly understood by Guangzhou citizens，People also actively participate in it。Liu Hui, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, believes，Industrial Heritage is an important part of a broad cultural heritage，They have a unique value that is different from civil buildings。The value of civil buildings can be displayed through exquisite decorative art and social history events，It is easy to be understood and recognized by the public; and the professionalism and technical nature of industrial production，The unique value of the industrial heritage is more reflected in the location layout、Production process、Special functions and structural forms，These all need to be studied and explained，can we understand for the public。

　　Data link

"Industrial heritage includes history、Technology、Society、Industrial cultural relics of construction or scientific value，Including architecture and machinery，Factory，Production workshop and factory，Mine and processing and refined sites，Warehouse Pack，Production、Places to transfer and use，Transportation and its infrastructure，and for living、Religious worship or education and other social activities related to the industry。bet365 Play online games "This is the definition of industrial heritage described in the Charter of the Tatagir，It is the sum of the material cultural heritage and the non -material cultural heritage that remains in the development of industrialization。

For a long time，People are used to protecting those historical cultural relics in the agricultural society era as cultural heritage，The protection of important historical traces and representative buildings of modern modernities pays attention to insufficient attention，Especially in the industrial heritage, fewer people get people's recognition and protection，Its value has not been widely recognized。Current，Industrial heritage from all over the world is facing serious threats caused by destroying and abandonment and plunder development。

In the earliest old -fashioned industrial country that proposed industrial heritage protection, the United Kingdom，Its industrial heritage is not only rich，and created many re -use examples，Factory、The warehouse can be transformed into a museum、Art Museum (such as the global Tate Exhibition Hall series is the use of abandoned warehouses in the warehouse、Gas Station、Reconstruction of the power plant)，can also be transformed into school、Apartment、High -end hotel、Leisure Center, etc.。These transformed factories、The warehouse not only shows the unique historical mood、Adaptability of high space，It also saved costs than newly built，Become a regional cultural landmark。

The Ruhr Industrial Zone in Germany regards industrial heritage as tourism resources，After more than 10 years of exploration，From the independent development of sporadic attractions to regional unified development，Industrial tourism has become the new fashion of Ruher District。

(Reporter of this newspaper  Li Yongjie/Organization)