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Youth Culture is a classic issue of sociological research，The history of modern youth cultural research can be roughly divided into two stages。The first stage is the formation and connotation of the concept of classic "subculture".，Study on theoretical and empirical research on many sub -cultural phenomena。The second stage is the challenge and new conceptual attempts of post -Asian cultural theory for classic subculture theory。The research and translation of mainland China under the classic sub -cultural paradigm is very rich，But the results and research results of post -Asian cultural theory are rare。

　　Classic Asian Cultural Analysis Paradis: Style -Resistance

Classic Asian Culture Studies The understanding of subculture concepts is continuously deepened，Definition from the definition of simple differences to the definition of structural theory、Class Theory definition and relational definition。The pinnacle and primary representative of classic subculture research are Birmingham School Bermingham。Birmingham Contemporary Cultural Research Center (CCCS) was established in 1964，Affected by the British Marxist critic and mainland theorists，Pay attention to the relationship between ideology and form，Research interest is symbol analysis of the external forms of sub -culture with various characteristics (even shocking)，is the interpretation of the so -called "style"，Proposed a classic CCCS sub -cultural analysis paradigm- "style -resistance -collection"。

Under the influence，CCCS believes that subculture is a solution to deal with class difficulties。Various youth cultural phenomena and styles that were dazzling at that time (Teddy Boy、Modern Clan、Rock Youth、Bald Party, bet365 Play online games etc.) The root causes of the generics are to solve the class dilemma faced by it，Although many people think that this resistance is the cultural level、symbolic、ceremony，It is impossible to achieve real victory。

At the same time，Asian culture is facing the fate of being collected by mainstream culture。Dick Hebdige (Dick Hebdige) pointed out two forms of compilation in "Asian Culture: Significance"。One is the form of commercialization，Symbols of subculture (such as clothing、Music, etc.) Converted into a batch -produced product，to kill the subversion of subculture，Makes them rich connotations simplified and vulgar，Then go to death。The second is the form of ideology，That is, the Rule Group "label" and re -define the behavior of cross -track behavior。Either exaggerate them into more weird、Pure wonders or clown，so as to lose analysis of the "difference" of subculture。Either the creator of subculture into a "normal person" (if it is also married and have children，Emotional people with normal people)，to negate the difference。

Research on Birming Han style is fruitful，Some subsequent research also enriches the dimension of resistance and oppression，and a certain degree of reflection on this paradigm。Mcrobbie (MCrobbie) adds a gender reference department; Stanley Cohen advocates turning subcultures to ordinary life，Abandoning the favor of the shocking phenomenon。

　　Social and theoretical background changes triggered theoretical steering

Since the 1980s，Dear changes in youth culture，Young style quickly split、Globalization diffusion，The tendency of "mixed style" and increasingly fragmented。At the same time，Popular post -modern theory also emphasizes fragmentation、Individualized life experience。Social reality and theoretical background of youth culture research，Treatment of more and more reflection and criticism of Birmingham'Bet365 app download s paradigm。Postal Asian Culture Research with the Mission of Birmingham Formation of Birming Han was born，The sign of molding is the "Post -Asian Cultural Research Seminar" held in Vienna in 2001。

Weinzierl and Muggleton pointed out in the "Post -Asian Culture Reading"，Postal Asian Culture Research has two clues to challenge Birmingham。One is to challenge the theoretical orthodoxy of CCCS，I try to abandon the entire theoretical framework of CCCS，Create a new research framework。The second is to further deny the effectiveness of the concept of "subculture"，Practice to form a new concept，Capture new contemporary changes in more fully。

The first clue is to establish a new research framework，There are three theoretical sources in this kind of work: Bourdieu、Butler (Butler) and Maffesoli。The masterpiece of Sarang Santon "Social Logic of Asian Culture Capital" was deeply influenced by Budiebel，She uses "taste", "difference" and "cultural capital" as an important concept of analyzing youth culture。But she did not reflect the concept of "subculture capital" back to the structural variables such as class and other structural variables，Instead, it focuses on how to operate subculture capital by taste distinguished by taste distinction、Explanation level system。Performance's "Performance" concept inspired the Gabriele Klein、Research from Toshiya Ueno and Rhiannon Bury (Rhiannon Bury) and others，The latter understands the construction of subculture identity based on this。Martisley established a postmodern youth analysis framework that abandoned structural identity，pointed out that various "tribe" organizations are liquid and fuzzy，Group identity is no longer formed along the traditional structural decisive factors，Taste、Aesthetics、Emotional、Consumption model and practice instead enables individuals to create a social structure bet365 live casino games that transcends modern class borders。This framework also saw the voluntary and autonomy of youth culture participation，The youth collective culture under the perspective of subculture is often forced or restrained by class pressure。

The second clue is to question the effectiveness of the concept of "subculture" to analyze the phenomenon of contemporary youth，proposed "Neo-Tribes"、"Scenes" (Scenes)、"Lifestyle" and other new concepts，Among them, the most famous of which is Andy Bennett (and the concept of the "new tribe" proposed by Mafonely。In addition, there is richness and supplement to existing concepts，Rudhead advocates the use of "clubcultures" as a supplement to "subculture"。A large number of new concepts created understanding difficulties to a certain extent，It also reflects the richness and complexity of contemporary youth life。At present, the reflection and controversy of subculture and new concepts have not reached an agreement，Some people even have clearly opposed these new concepts。This also means that the youth culture research that entered the post -Asian culture period has not yet formed a unified paradigm。

　　Houyian cultural theory emphasizes differences and diversity

The contribution of post -Asian cultural theory is to criticize and correct several main problems existing in the Birmingham style。

First，Birming Han style assumes that youth subcultures are a series of special phenomena that can be clearly identified and rapidly dying; post -Asian culture theory sees contemporary subculture in style、Forms and Practice Difference and Diversity。2，Birming Han style assumes that class -based practice is homogeneous and uniform; post -Asian cultural theory sees the vagueness of contemporary subculture groups and the diversity of members' hobbies、variability、Liquidity and temporary nature。third，Birming Han style is limited to identifying different sub -cultural levels at a certain point bet365 live casino games in time。and then subculture studies have paid attention to the duration of subculture，If the competition for subculture capital and the continuous process of the classification of "taste" and category category。Fourth，Birming Han style believes that the collection of commercialization of subculture will die; while McCrobi and others oppose this dual opposition，I believe that there is also a relationship between the two。Fifth，Birming Han style believes that subcultures are rooted in class relationships、Rigid、Realized、Realism entities; but the post -Asian cultural theory based on Budie and Bartler has established a resolute anti -essentialist method，Emphasizing that all sub -cultural identities are constructed and reproduced during the process of cultural practice，and attach great importance to fragmentation、Experienced experience。Sixth，Birming Han style assumes that "subculture" and definition of its "father culture" can be clearly divided、coherent、Homogeneous form，that is, the simple dual method of "single mainstream -resistance subculture"; post -Asian culture research pays attention to more complicated layers of contemporary youth culture，and the "penetration" between the organization related to subculture and other social organizations，Especially for global and information technology, the factors of subculture in the subculture are spread and collide globally with the scale and speed that cannot be imagined in the past。

Postal Asian Cultural Research also has obvious limitations，Just as Wei Yinzel and Maglton described in the "Post -Asian Culture Reading"，"If CCCS will be overly politicized by youth organizations ... The position of the post -Asian culture also makes a mistake in politics"。Houya Culture Theory denies the class foundation of youth identity，But class and structural inequality undoubtedly affect the life encounters and cultural performance of contemporary youth。Postal Cultural bet365 Play online games Theory believes that youth culture is mainly hedonism、Personalism and separation of politics，The political activity and high exposure of the new post -Asian cultural protest organization have raised severe challenges to its explanation。

Post -Asian cultural theory has also been criticized by the sensitive style of young people and the praise of commercial consumption。Andy Bennett believes that this is a misunderstanding of post -Asian cultural theorists。He believes that the latter tries to prove "the increasingly flooding of cultural consumption and commodities ... will not eliminate any form of meaningful marks left by young people in style and related cultural products"。He also pointed out，Some people criticize the post -Asian cultural theory as a hodgepodge with many non -traditional theories，Lack of coherent，But this is not a unique problem with the theory of post -Asian cultural theory，The same is true of subculture theory。

Although there are still many problems in the research of Western post -Asian culture, there are still many problems to clarify，But many scholars' keen capture of the new changes in contemporary global youth culture，It still has important reference significance for Chinese youth cultural research。The current Chinese -wide youth cultural phenomenon presents obvious differences、features of diversity and rapid flow。At the same time，Local factors affecting the youth culture are intertwined with the ultra -local factors brought by the Internet，Experienced experience and interaction with other experience and mainstream ideology，The relationship between the social layering and the situation of life and the cultural circle，Talk to the existing youth cultural theory。China urgently needs to form its own youth cultural research concept in theoretical dialogue and experience research，Build your own youth cultural research paradigm。

　(Author Unit: College of Social and Population of Renmin University of China)