The relationship between empirical research and theoretical research in sociological surveys，Mr. Fei Xiaotong has long elaborated: "Sociology survey or community research is based on a certain part of the facts of the facts，Credit a set of sociological theories ... The center of community research is theory。""，Sociology Survey is the theoretical drive survey，And a theoretical -driven social survey should be alive (not abstract thinking) and interesting (not pile of experience materials)。But how to deal with the relationship between theory and experience in the specific field survey，We still have a few confusions to this day。As a young scholar who has just started as a theoretical and empirical study，I hope to share some of my thinking here。

During college study，I am very interested in the theory and experience of land as the object。The topic of the graduation thesis of the undergraduate is "The morality above the land -the judgment of Hegel and Marx's abstraction of labor"，Since then, I have systematically studied the theory of political economics in the development of sociology and urban sociology，Later, I am interested in the history of drawing when minoring history during the doctoral time，and try to observe China's land governance with the theoretical perspective of drawing。In terms of experience research，I investigated the land increase or decrease link、Farmers upstairs、Collective construction land Construction rental house、Poverty alleviation is easy to relocate and bet365 live casino games other phenomena，Try to answer the theoretical questions that have been interested in through the survey，The political and economic process of capital to land investment and operation，and the state's governance of land and the land -based governance of the population。

In this article, I want to share some thoughts that drive with theoretical driving experience。During the research process, I realized that there are two difficult problems。First, how to prevent abstract imagination from covering live field materials，Second, how to make the overall judgment of empirical research based on theory。

Making a living research is a goal we are pursuing。but，We can often feel that we have made a very failed research，This failure is particularly obvious at the beginning of work at the field。Probably，There are two experiences that have two theoretical combination of experience: one is that the field work is over，But found that there is no theoretical "set"，Even if you want to move a hard set of the theory，But how can I feel far -fetched; the other is when I enter the field to work，Full of the brain is all concepts，So that when I read the field notes, I found that I was almost talking about it，I did not enter the real world at all。Helpless experience of this abstract thinking overwhelming real experience，I explored some deliberate corrections。

First of all, the starting point is based on the real problem in reality。Whether it is the theory of moving hard or theoretical coverage，The essence is lack of real problems。This may be related to the current academic writing specifications。The idea when we write the paper is "theory -experience -theory"，But this mode does not seem to be the bet365 best casino games logic of natural thinking in the field。What I feel that I can really drive the research motivation is for a real、I don’t know the curiosity of the actual question of the answer，For example, which impact of government investment and social capital investment in rural infrastructure construction is better on the village，Whether the use of diagram can really increase the governance ability of the central government，Why do many collective construction land construction rental houses failed。The theory is like a prism，strengthened our own vision，Let us sensitive to the facts of the experience。Its role is to discover the facts or logic of us ignored before and amplifies.，enables us to make a better explanation of experience problems。So，The criteria for selecting theory lies in it that it can dig out some hidden clues in the experience materials，Let us see some new facts，new understanding of facts。This idea of ​​"experience -theory -experience" may be worth trying。

Followed by the theory and experience repeatedly corrected，This means returning to the field again and again。Returning and correction is an extremely effective method to overcome abstract thinking。Mr. Fei said clearly: "Many associated problems occur from existing theories。To examine the facts based on these issues，The purpose is to see if we can explain these new facts，If not, find a new explanation during field observation，Form new theory。"in Kuge period，This research method is not only reflected in the back and forth between scholars in the Kuge workstation and the village，It is also reflected in their round -trip between them。When we sort out notes after a stage of field work,，New explanation bet365 best casino games every time it will form，and new assumptions related to this，and the biggest luck is that it can have the opportunity to return to the field to verify these new assumptions。Only when returning to the field, verify the new assumptions based on theory，We can convince our existing theory to not be based on abstract imagination。I also thank me very much for allowing me to do field.，Let me have the opportunity to revise the theory repeatedly in the field。

Finally, cultivation and reliance on common sense。We feel that fresh and difficult knowledge when we investigate is often common sense of field objects。Whenever I suspect that I am in the deduction of abstract theory and lose the sense of common sense，I often depend on their judgment，Not only repeatedly verify at the level of social facts，It will also communicate frankly around the point of view。There is a person in charge of the unit who takes care of my unit in the field of field surveys (now I have been transferred back to work in the city)，Whenever the new theoretical framework is obtained according to experience materials，I am always looking for him to talk。Our judgment of things may not be consistent，But my thinking is in line with common sense，So you can form a real communication with the field workers，When they can agree or refute it very naturally，I realize those judgments that are common sense，and then more confidence in your own research。The research I do mostly uses the method of institutional ethnic history，Therefore, we can often communicate with field workers。Whether this method of gaining common sense can be used in other scenes and objects to be discussed。

Although we need to be vigilant during the research process，Prevent abstract theoretical thinking covers bet365 live casino games the live field material，But the sensitivity to field materials and the final judgment of the final formation still come from the influence of the classic theoretical subtle influence。These classic theories surpass specific experience research，Back to the basic questions of social science，returned to the person itself。such as，The recently published Mr. Fei Xiaotong's novel "Cocoon" vividly reflects，A series of economic and social investigations in Jiangcun's facts behind the author cares about，The crisis and opportunities brought by the community's changes under the impact of the community。This kind of concern for human happiness is the starting point and end point of empirical research。

First，The precipitation of the classic theory will make the researchers very sensitive to some field details，Often the details in a field can bring out the dialogue of several classic theories，This can provide researchers with great excitement and stimulus。such as，We found in a poor village that the "New Township Regulations and the People's Covenant" formulated in order to realize "moving the customs"，Requirements on the lives of the villagers from all aspects，For example, to ensure the living room、Course and public streets neat，Another example is to be on time to meet for a meeting。This is a very positive advocacy，But every later follows the fine regulations，For example, if the sanitary inspection is unqualified, a penalty is required、If you are late, you have to be fined。According to Foucault's theory，This is obviously a set of training technologies，Through a fine reward and punishment system, villagers become villagers into the subject of non -difference discipline。The case in this field bet365 Play online games is also reminiscent of Liang Shuming's judgment on rural organizations，The organization principle of only "reasonable" and "human affection" can match the rational structure of the Chinese people。Because of this，The traditional township appointment has no external rely on，It always says "You want to know"，But never said, "You don’t have it，How to do you! "These township regulations and people have actually criticized the Chinese and Western theoretical criticisms of" rules and individuals "and" distorted sense "in one place，I really excited researchers。

Next，Working in the field，We often feel，Reading and thinking about classic theories will subtly affect your judgment on specific issues。This aspect is because we cannot cut our own academic training，On the other hand, because the data collected in the field often cannot directly guide a clear conclusion。such as，We found in the survey of deep poverty villages in the Liangshan area of ​​the size of the size，The local cadre is very headache for "stabilizing" problem。Eastern cities that have assisted in the mouth absorbed the labor force of a large number of poor villages to enter the factory，But these workers often run back to the village in a month or two。We found in the interview，Workers are more inclined to engage in high -altitude operations or tunnel workers.、High income occupation，Because these tasks allow them to flow round -trip between the construction sites and the village for a long time，Make them can take care of the elderly and children，can participate in the village a variety of festivals。So，Which employment model should be advocated? This judgment involves a substantial theoretical problem，The Bet365 app download growth of modern personality。It occurs in the crisis of the individual's leaving rural community to face the urban cultural impact，still happen within a community that is affected by external but still has a relatively stable order? Face such problems，Determine that scholars choose is often not data，but thinking about classic social theory。

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