In recent years，With the aging of the population、The emergence of low fertility rates and other phenomena，“bet365 sign up bonus code crisis” becomes an obvious social issue，A large number of academic research results have also emerged，Including the introduction of cutting-edge theoretical perspectives and the exploration of local empirical research。This article briefly reviews recent new developments in the field of bet365 sign up bonus code research in my country，In order to provide reference for future academic exploration。

"bet365 sign up bonus code" broadly refers to work or activities that maintain people's daily survival and intergenerational replacement，Corresponds to the English word bet365 sign up bonus code。In different theoretical contexts，Scholars often use different “concepts” or give bet365 sign up bonus code different Chinese translations。For example，The concept of “social reproduction” is commonly used in political economy，Medical anthropology often uses “bet365 sign up bonus code”，Feminist economics or labor studies often use “bet365 sign up bonus code” or “bet365 sign up bonus code”，In the field of ethics, “bet365 sign up bonus code” is often used。

　　Reflecting on the value of bet365 sign up bonus code from multiple theoretical perspectives

As the “bet365 sign up bonus code crisis” spreads globally，The "social reproduction" theory of Marxist feminism has returned to public view and continues to develop。Reproduction theory originates from the context of political economy，Considering the tension between production and reproduction as one of the fundamental contradictions of capitalism，Analysis of the boundary division and management of production-reproduction relations in the development process of capitalism。Research in this context is good at analyzing the politics of reproduction and its historical changes in a specific social system from a macro perspective。For example，Nancy Fraser’s analysis of the capitalist social reproduction system，Point out in male-dominated capital、Country、Under the operation of the labor movement，Social reproduction has taken different forms in the period of industrial capitalism-welfare state-neoliberalism。

The intersectionality/intersectionality perspective focuses more on the meso level，Examining the social organization of caregiving activities and its association with social inequality。Intersectionality/intersectionality theory originates from African American feminist criticism of gender analysis based on white women’s experience，Emphasis on gender、Race、Class etc. as a result of power dynamics，And comprehensively capture the intertwined effects of multiple power relationships。For example，Evelyn Glenn explains the transformation of American industrialization from the 19th century to the present，How bet365 sign up bonus code labor works in the market、Continuous reorganization among families and social groups，Race、Gender、How class became a central principle in organizing bet365 sign up bonus code labor。

Feminist economics focuses on the economic devaluation and economic punishment of bet365 sign up bonus code labor，Rethinking the assumptions of mainstream economics，Exploring how to achieve “comparable value” for bet365 sign up bonus code work。Caregivers have lower labor remuneration and lower social status，The value of labor has been severely devalued，There are profound social and cultural reasons behind this。For example，Relational skills required for caregiving (perceiving the needs of others、Communication、Affinity, etc.)，Often regarded as women’s “nature” or “instinct”，Not given enough social recognition and market value。And caregivers’ emotional investment and moral responsibility，Constitute the “Prisoner of Love” Dilemma，Justifying his low salary。In addition，The "public good" attribute of bet365 sign up bonus code，It is difficult to calculate the value of labor through market principles to a certain extent。

Medical anthropology focuses on discussing bet365 sign up bonus code/bet365 sign up bonus code from the perspective of ethical practice，Then reflect on mainstream morals and norms。This is in line with feminist ethics，Emphasis on the widespread presence of bet365 sign up bonus code/concern in daily life as a way to connect oneself and others。For example，Arthur Kleinman explains in "bet365 sign up bonus code" how bet365 sign up bonus code becomes a moral order that reorganizes local fractures、The practice of profoundly returning to human nature。Annemarie Mol proposed the "logic of bet365 sign up bonus code": examining and constructing one's own life from the perspective of a broad patient or disabled person，Coexisting with the “abnormalities” in the environment。This perspective redefines what is “normal”，Reflection on the exclusive nature of the dominant “logic of choice” and its paradox with bet365 sign up bonus code practices。Starting from the logic of bet365 sign up bonus code，Accept the failure brought about by choice，Continue to actively repair the existing results，Be able to experience "the essence of life is how to live it"。

　　Capturing new changes in the gender division of bet365 sign up bonus code in households

In terms of empirical research，Research on the gender division of housework and bet365 sign up bonus code labor within the family and its consequences continues to deepen。Many studies have captured new changes in the gender division of labor in families，Discussing the breakthrough of privatization、The possibility of a feminized division of bet365 sign up bonus code。For example，Tong Xin、Liu Aiyu based on the analysis of the third survey data on the status of women，Point out that although housework is mainly performed by women，However, about 1/3 of the couple’s cooperative housework model has emerged。The author discusses the emotional nature of housework and the possibility of both genders participating in housework。Yang Ke、Chen Meng、Research by Zhong Xiaohui and others pointed out the new shift in urban middle-class motherhood—“management” and “education”，Parenting becomes a team effort，Mother becomes the “general manager”，Maintain overall planning and decision-making for children’s development，Outsource daily bet365 sign up bonus code，Focus on education。This is based on the rise of intergenerational cooperative parenting and market-oriented bet365 sign up bonus code in my country。Recent research also pays attention to the practice of “community parenting”，For example, Shi Yunqing、Li Jie et al.’s case study on urban mothers “raising children together”，Investigating the establishment of women’s mutual aid and childcare community，Discussing child bet365 sign up bonus code beyond the family、The meaning and approach to community。

The family changes brought about by migration have also received a lot of attention，Especially the changes and reconstruction of family gender division of labor during the migration process。For example，Cai Yuping、Peng Zhongni in "Compromising Masculinity: Migrant Migration in China、Family and Gender》中，Describes the complex process of family changes of migrant workers and the differences between different families，And explain the emergence of specific gendering mechanisms and family relationships。Although the vast majority of male workers consider themselves to be the main breadwinner，Due to economic pressure，They agreed that the wife would give up taking bet365 sign up bonus code of the children and work in the city，But there are huge differences in the transfer of economic power and participation in housework。Echoes this，Xiao Suowei、Tang Chaoping’s research points out the dual aspects of motherhood identity of migrant women workers—economic support and daily bet365 sign up bonus code，Challenging the definition of motherhood that prioritizes nurturing，And bridge the tension between the two aspects through methods such as "remote bet365 sign up bonus code" and "staged migration"。Wang Ou based on field investigation of migrant worker sending areas and working industrial areas，Discussed the reproduction mechanism of gender labor differentiation of the new generation of migrant workers。The current labor system transfers reproduction labor to left-behind families，Strengthening the gender power of migrant workers’ families and feminizing reproductive labor，Gender differentiation that contributes to the participation of left-behind children in family labor，Laying the foundation for the gender labor differentiation of the new generation of migrant workers。

　　Discussing the marketization and institutional arrangements of bet365 sign up bonus code

A lot of research on market-based bet365 sign up bonus code has emerged recently，In response to the reality of increasing market outsourcing and institutional relocation of bet365 sign up bonus code activities。This helps break through the perception of bet365 sign up bonus code as a “private domain”，Re-examining bet365 sign up bonus code arrangements and challenges。Some qualitative research incorporates the traditions of feminism and labor studies，Analyze the particularity of bet365 sign up bonus code labor (such as involving a lot of emotional labor and physical work)，Exploring the complexity of intimate boundaries and power relationships between caregivers and bet365 sign up bonus code recipients after marketization，For example, Mei Xiao、Liu Yuting、Su Yihui、Wu Xinyue、Research by Zhu Jianfeng and others。In addition，There have also been a number of quantitative surveys with large samples，For example，Beijing Normal University、Nanjing University、Three teams from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics conducted questionnaire surveys in multiple cities using the respondent-driven method，Inspect the overall working and living conditions of domestic workers，Provide important data to open the "black box" of housekeeping services。Judging from published results，Our country’s state affairs have certain commonalities，For example, the internal differentiation and organizational trends of bet365 sign up bonus code work，There are also obvious regional differences。

The organization of bet365 sign up bonus code is closely related to macro-institutional arrangements。Some scholars have systematically sorted out and analyzed my country’s bet365 sign up bonus code policies，Ruyue Jinglun、Fan Xin sorted out the child bet365 sign up bonus code policy since the founding of New China，Point out that my country’s child bet365 sign up bonus code policy system has experienced changes of “construction-deconstruction-partial reconstruction”，And Tong Xin、Chen Yupei discusses the ideas and knowledge competition behind the changes in my country’s urban child bet365 sign up bonus code policies。Xu Mingqiang、The case study of Wan Xiaonan et al. examines the rise of urban and rural collectivized child bet365 sign up bonus code organizations and the practice of socialization of child bet365 sign up bonus code during the planned economy period，Provide a comparison for reflection on the current family-based child bet365 sign up bonus code model。This all involves core issues such as the country’s value definition of bet365 sign up bonus code and the adjustment of production-reproduction relations after market reform。In addition，There are also many scholars who have sorted out the bet365 sign up bonus code systems and bet365 sign up bonus code policies of other countries，Discussed the connection between specific policies and social culture and the differentiated policy effects，Provides a reference for our country to establish a reasonable bet365 sign up bonus code system。Recent，Ma Chunhua and other scholars will shift their thinking from the "formal bet365 sign up bonus code" of the state's provision of public services to the system design of how the state supports "informal bet365 sign up bonus code"。

　　Future Outlook

The introduction of theoretical perspectives and the development of empirical research break the common sense perception that bet365 sign up bonus code is a “private domain” family matter，Point out that caregiving activities have become a complex and changing system，Crossing "public", "private" and "paid" and "unpaid"，Combining "market", "country" and "family"。Future research must first strengthen the in-depth understanding of the bet365 sign up bonus code practices of the middle and lower classes and vulnerable groups in society，On the one hand，Depicting diverse ways of organizing bet365 sign up bonus code，Breaking the misunderstanding of “standardized” families，A feasible way to understand the operation of family bet365 sign up bonus code from multiple perspectives；On the other hand，Explain differences in bet365 sign up bonus code practices among different groups，Deeper understanding of the social conditions behind family bet365 sign up bonus code，Facing up to real problems such as “inequality of bet365 sign up bonus code”。Secondly，An in-depth analysis of the complexities and consequences of marketized bet365 sign up bonus code is needed，For example, in the process of professionalization of housekeeping，The serious "devaluation" of elderly bet365 sign up bonus code and the problem of "bet365 sign up bonus code loss" between urban and rural areas。Finally，Combining theoretical resources such as political economy and intersectionality/intersectionality analysis，Promote comprehensive research on the changes in my country’s bet365 sign up bonus code system，Provide solid empirical basis for responding to bet365 sign up bonus code crisis。

(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 sign up bonus code Sciences, Beijing Normal University)