In recent years，With the aging of the population、Low fertility and other phenomena appears，"Care crisis" has become a prominent social issue，A large number of academic research results have also emerged，Including the introduction of cutting -edge theoretical perspectives and the exploration of local experience research。This article briefly reviews the new progress in the field of care in my country in the near future，It is expected to provide a reference for future academic exploration。

"Care" broadly refers to the work or activity of maintaining people's daily survival and intergenerational replacement，Corresponding word of English care。In different theoretical veins，Scholars often adopt different "concepts" or give Care different Chinese translations。such as，The concept of "social reproduction" commonly used in political economics，Medical anthropology is mostly "care"，Feminist economics or labor research mostly use "care" or "care"，and the field of ethics mostly "care"。

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With the global spread of "care crisis"，Marxist feminist "social reproduction" theory returns to public vision and continuously develops。The theory of reproduction is derived from the context of political economics，The tension between production and reproduction is regarded as one of the fundamental contradictions of capitalism，Analysis of the border division and management of production -reproduce relationships during the development of capitalism。Research under this vein is longer than analyzing reproduction politics and historical changes in specific social systems from a macro perspective。such as，Analysis of Nancy Fraser on the Capitalist Society's Make -by -Make -based Make -based Make -by -Make -based Make -based Make -based Make -by，Point out the capital dominated by men、Country、Under the operation of bet365 Play online games the labor movement，Social reproduction produces different forms in industrial capitalism -welfare country -new liberal period。

Interweaving/cross -viewing angle more focused on the mid -view level，Social organization methods of inspecting care activities and its association with social inequality。Interweaving/cross -theoretical theory of criticism of black feminism in America in American blacks' analysis on white feminine experience，Emphasize gender、race、Class, etc. The results of the dynamic effect of power，and capture the interwoven effect of a variety of power relations。such as，Evelyn Glenn explained that since the 19th century industrialization transformation，How to take care of labor in the market、Family and social groups constantly re -organize，race、Gender、How the class becomes the core principle of organizational care and labor。

Feminist Economics focuses on exploring the economic depreciation and economic punishment of taking care of labor，Reflection of presets of mainstream economics，Exploring how to make care of care for "comparable value"。Careers' labor remuneration and low social status，Labor value is severely depreciated，There are profound social and cultural reasons behind this。such as，Relational skills required to take care (perceive the needs of others、Communication、affinity, etc.)，Often "nature" or "instinct"，Not given enough social recognition and market value。The emotional investment and moral responsibility of the caregiver，The predicament of the "prisoner of love"，Reasonable low salary。other，"Public Item" attributes of care，It is difficult to calculate labor value through market principles to a certain extent。

Medical anthropology focuses on discussing care/care from the perspective of moral practice，Then reflect on mainstream morality and specifications。This is inherited from the pulse of feminist ethics，Emphasized care/care in daily life as a way to connect self and others。bet365 Play online games such as，Arthur Kleinman explained in the "Care" how care is a moral order for reorganized places to break、The practice of deep returning to human nature。Annemarie Mol (Annemarie Mol) proposed "the logic of care": to examine and build his own life from the perspective of a broad sense of patients or disabilities，Coexistence with the "very state" in the environment。What is the redevelopment of this perspective what is "normal"，Revisibility of the "selection logic" that is dominated by the dominance and the paradox between the care practice。Depart from the logic of care，Accept the failure of the selection，Continue to actively repair it on existing results，You can experience "how the essence of life is to live"。

　　Capture new changes in the division of labor division of family gender

In terms of experience research，The research of the gender division of housework and the internal family of housework and care continues to deepen。Many studies have captured the new changes in the division of labor in family gender，Discussion breaks through the privatization、The possibility of feminine care division of labor。such as，佟 New、Liu Aiyu analyzed the data of the third women's status survey data，It is pointed out that although housework labor is mainly borne by women，But about 1/3 of the husband and wife cooperative housework mode appeared。The author explores the emotional attributes of housework and the possibility of participating in housework.。Yang Ke、Chen Meng、Studies by Zhong Xiaohui and others pointed out the new steering of urban middle -class mothers- "management" and "educationalization"，Parenting becomes a team work，Mother becomes "General Management"，Master planning and decision -making on the development of children，Outsourcing in daily care，Focus on Education。The rise of home intergenerational cooperation and market -based care behind this is。New Research Research also follows the practice of "community parenting"bet365 best casino games ，For example, Shi Yunqing、Li Jie, etc.，Examine the establishment of women's mutual assistance communities，Discussion of children's care and getting out of the family、The significance and way to go to the community。

Family changes brought about by migration have also received a lot of attention，Especially the changes and reconstruction of family gender division of labor during the migration process。such as，Cai Yuping、Peng Yi's "Male temperament compromise: Chinese migrant workers migration、Family and Gender，depicts the complex process of migrant workers' family changes and the differences between different families，and explain the emergence of a specific gender mechanism and family relationship。Although most male workers think they are the main adoptives，Forced by economic pressure，They agree with the wife to give up taking care of their children to work in the city，But there has been huge differentiation in the transfer of economic power and participating in housework。Echo here，Xiao Suo Wei、Tang Chaoping's research pointed out the dual aspects of migrating female workers' identity -economic support and life care，Challenge the definition of the parent job of nurturing priority，and by "remote care" and "stage migration" and other methods to improve the tension between dual -facing。Wang Ou surveys based on the field output of migrant workers and fields in the migrant industrial zone，Discussion of the reproduction mechanism of gender labor differentiation of new generation migrant workers。The current labor system is passed on to the left -behind households and passed on the reproduction labor，Strengthening the gender power of migrant workers' families and feminine of reproduction labor，Gender differentiation that promotes left -behind children to participate in family labor，Lay the foundation for the gender labor differentiation of the new generation of migrant workers。

　　Discuss the marketization and institutional arrangements of care

Recently, many research on market -based care has also emerged，The reality of the increasing market outsourcing and institutional transfer of care activities。This helps to break through the concept that takes care of care as "private field"，Re -examine care arrangements and challenges。Some qualitative research combines the tradition of feminism and labor research，Analysis of the particularity of care labor (such as involving a large amount of emotional labor and physical work)，Discuss the complexity of the intimate boundary and power relationship between the caregiver and the caregiver after marketization，For example, Mei Xiao、Liu Yuting、Su Yihui、Wu Xinyue、Zhu Jianfeng and other studies。other，A number of large samples of quantitative surveys also appeared，such as，Beijing Normal University、Nanjing University、Three teams of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics use the respondent's drive method to conduct questionnaire surveys in multiple cities，Examine the overall status of the labor and life of the family workers，Provide important data for the "black box" for opening the housekeeping service。Judging from the results published，Our national political business has a certain commonality，For example, the internal division and organizational trend of care work，There is also obvious regional differences。

The organization of care is closely related to the macro institutional arrangement。Some scholars have systematically sorted out and analyzed my country's care policy，Ru Yue Jinglun、Fan Xin sorted out the child care policy of children since the founding of New China，pointed out that the child care policy system in my country has undergone changes in "construction -deconstruction -partial reconstruction"，and Xingxin、Chen Yupei discussed the concept and knowledge competition behind the changes of the childcare policy of urban children in my country。bet365 live casino games Xu Mingqiang、Wan Xiaonan and other case studies inspected the rise of the collective career organization of urban and rural areas during the planned economy period and the practice of child care for young children，Provide a control mode to reflect on the current child care mode of familyization。This involves the state of the state's value definition of care and after market reform -the adjustment of the reproduction relationship。other，Many scholars have sorted out the care system and care policy of other countries，Discuss the association between specific policies and social and culture and differentiated policy effects，Provided reference for establishing a reasonable care system for our country。Recent，Ma Chunhua and other scholars will think about the "formal care" of public services provided by the country to the system design of how the state supports "informal care"。

　　Future Outlook

The introduction of the theoretical perspective and the development of empirical research breaks the common sense cognition of the "private field" family affairs，Pointing out the care activity has become a complicated change system，Cross "public", "private", "paid", "free"，Combined with "Market", "State" and "Family"。In the future research, we must first strengthen the deep understanding of the practice of the middle and lower levels and disadvantaged groups，On the one hand，Diversifying the diverse care organization method，Breaking the misunderstanding of the "standardized" family，Understand the feasibility path of family care operation from a variety of perspectives; on the other hand，Explain the differences in the practice of different groups，Deepen the social conditions behind family care，Personal in actual problems such as "taking care of unequal care"。Second，In -depth analysis of the complexity and consequences of market -oriented care，For example, in the process of occupationalization bet365 live casino games of housekeeping，The serious "depreciation" of aging care and the problem of "loss of care" between urban and rural areas。Last，Based on theoretical resources such as political economics and intertwined/cross -analysis，Public research on promoting the changes in my country's care system，Provides solid experience basis for the crisis of taking care。

(Author Unit: School of Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University)