Routledge Press in the UK published a new book " Listening to bet365 offers: Narrative Evidence and Public Reasoning。In some areas of controversy，Such as climate change、Artificial intelligence, etc.，The level of public knowledge affects public reasoning。By analyzing the role of “story” as a kind of narrative evidence in these fields，Craig and Dillon suggest people make the most of bet365 offers to drive public reasoning，And rethinking the meaning of public humanities。Two scholars were interviewed by our reporter recently，Introducing the core content of this new book。

■Sarah Dillon Interviewee/Photo provided

■Claire Craig Interviewee/Photo provided

　　Focus on the cognitive function of bet365 offers

　　"Chinese bet365 offers Sciences Journal":What prompted you to explore the role of bet365 offers in public reasoning？

　　Craig:Major social and political events in recent years，For example, financial crisis、British “Brexit” referendum、New coronavirus pneumonia epidemic，Made us feel the urgent need to re-evaluate the value of bet365 offers、Power and Importance。Listening to bet365 offers brings together research on the interaction between bet365 offers and human behavior，Shows how bet365 offers influence public reasoning and decision-making。

bet365 offers can help individuals understand the world and others。We hope readers can feel a careful thinking framework when reading，To understand the cognitive value of bet365 offers and the ways in which they can enrich public reasoning。

　　"Chinese bet365 offers Sciences Journal":In "Listen to bet365 offers"，How do you define “story”, “narrative evidence” and “public reasoning”？

　　Craig:This book draws on some terminology and practical experience from other disciplines。Each subject、Every practice has its own language system，They sometimes use words specific to their discipline；Sometimes using the same words as in other disciplines，But the meanings expressed are different；Sometimes different words are used to refer to overlapping but not identical concepts。We also introduced a few new words，To refer to new ideas related to "listening to bet365 offers"、New concept。A highlight of this book is the glossary at the end。This glossary helps readers understand why we use、How to use certain words，And why certain words that may be more familiar to readers are not used or are not used in a way they are familiar with。

We define "story" as "a causal account of something that happened"，Contains entities with agency。bet365 offers can be shared and spread，The form and content evoke emotion and cognition；It can be text，Can also be non-text。

“Narrative evidence” can be seen as the product of expert behavior，Include direct critical commentary on the story and critical commentary on how others have absorbed the story。Critical comments mean clear and unambiguous observations、Analysis、Thinking。"Storytelling" is the theory and practice of collecting "narrative evidence" to inspire decision-making (especially public reasoning and decision-making)；“Narrative evidence” is the result of “listening to bet365 offers”，Part of a diverse evidence base。

“bet365 offers reasoning” is borrowed from Sheila Jasanoff, professor of science and technology policy at Harvard University in the United States, in the book “Science and bet365 offers Reason” (Science and bet365 offers Reason). Definition，That is, under the leadership of the government，The process of building bet365 offers reason。

　　"Chinese bet365 offers Sciences Journal":You mentioned in your bet365 offers book，The story has four functions，Please expand on these four functions。

　　Dillon:We focus on the four cognitive functions of bet365 offers，These functions are mainly related to systems and collectives，Not personal related。The first function is to provide new perspectives，To inspire policy discussions and set relevant frameworks。For example，Many bet365 offers about alien intelligence convey such a signal: with the advent of new technologies such as machine learning，Intelligence may be redefined in many ways。Some bet365 offers explore the social role of distributed intelligence，Instead of superficially limiting thinking to humanoid entities。Writers have begun to connect policy issues that intersect but are often studied by very different fields of expertise，For example, artificial intelligence and climate change。

The second function of bet365 offers is to create collective identity，“Listen to bet365 offers” explores what these identities are in a new way、What does it mean。For example，“Listening to bet365 offers” can reveal the collective characteristics of researchers in a certain field，And then tell the story、How identity and research topics are intertwined，What impact will it have on the direction and composition of scientific research and technology research and development。In other words，bet365 offers can help us identify social groups，Understand their motivations and behaviors，Recognize social norms and the changes they are undergoing or may undergo。

The third function of bet365 offers is modeling，It gives possibilities for interpretation and understanding。On the one hand，bet365 offers can aid in the creation and use of non-narrative models。For example，A storyline approach can be used to computationally model extreme weather events；In climate change、In Economics and Epidemiology Research，bet365 offers can also be part of scientific models。On the other hand，The story itself has the function of a narrative model。For example，American science fiction writer Kim Stanley Robinson envisions a model of social and behavioral conditions for a zero-waste world in her novel "Aurora"，Involving how to balance the material cycle、What type of governance, skills, etc. are required。

In some cases，bet365 offers may be the only way to think through the potential behavior of complex systems on a collective level。The story does not provide scientific knowledge，But for things for which there is no relevant scientific knowledge，Narrative evidence enables surrogative reasoning；For things that people have already understood through scientific means，bet365 offers provide another perspective and treatment。

The fourth function of bet365 offers is to constitute a new form of prediction。Financial turmoil in the 21st century in bet365 offers written in the 1990s by American author Don de Lillo and others；British writer Nevil Shute described such a scene in his 1957 apocalyptic novel "This is How the World Ends": the outbreak of World War III，Nuclear weapons destroy the northern hemisphere，A few survivors are waiting for the lethal radioactive fallout in the southern hemisphere... "This is How the World Ends" indirectly influenced the international community's attitude towards nuclear armaments in the 1960s，Such as the conclusion of the 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty。

■Information picture

　　Promote the development of bet365 offers humanities

　　"Chinese bet365 offers Sciences Journal":What unique benefits can "listening to bet365 offers" bring to public reasoning？Are there corresponding risks?？

　　Craig:Our intention in writing "Listening to bet365 offers" is to empower people to be more critical、The ability to listen more carefully to existing bet365 offers。New coronavirus pneumonia epidemic、A series of challenges such as climate change are sending a strong signal that humans need to change their behavioral patterns in the next few decades、Adapt to the new environment。For this，Requires all possible forms of evidence。For important questions for which scientific evidence is insufficient (such as the composition and operation of complex systems、The time and place of extremely destructive events)，Or problems with multiple dimensions (involving both social and cultural matters as well as physics、Technology and Engineering Systems)，"Listening to bet365 offers" helps to find new reasoning methods。In all these cases，We need to create and use narrative evidence to complement scientific evidence，Building a stronger public reasoning model。

bet365 offers have a powerful persuasive effect，The risk of improper use or uncontrolled consequences already exists。"Listen to bet365 offers" is about finding new ways to manage these risks，Enabling people to better understand truth and lies。Some may worry that narrative evidence will displace or distort、Destroying scientific evidence。To avoid this worry，We emphasize that narrative evidence must be part of a diverse evidence base。Also，For Humanities Scholars，What is extended humanities、What self-concept will be a challenge。

It’s conceivable，In different national contexts，Consider the decision-making system and structure、Differences in story cultural heritage，Our arguments in "Listen to bet365 offers" should be adapted to local conditions。We want this job to be done by someone with the right expertise and skills，We also look forward to exchanges and cooperation with other scholars，Carry out further research。

　　"Chinese bet365 offers Sciences Journal":How to understand the concept of bet365 offers humanities？

　　Dillon:The meaning of bet365 offers humanities is very broad，It is often defined in practice: the act of academics disseminating the results of humanities research to a bet365 offers outside the academy。Sometimes，bet365 offers humanities also encompasses humanities research activities that invite bet365 offers participation in the research design and investigation phases，This is done to make academic research more interactive、Reciprocity。For example, the UK’s national humanities festival “Being Human”。It is sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Study, University of London、Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), UK、Held in cooperation with the British Academy，Demonstrate the value and relevance of humanities research，Encourage greater British bet365 offers engagement in the humanities。

　In a broader sense，Any work that demonstrates the public value of the humanities in theory or practice can be considered public humanities。It can be science communication、Scientific research cooperation，Can also be a history of the humanities、Present、An intellectual exploration of the future and the relationship between the humanities and the public at large，Can also include ordinary people、Business organization、Government、Contact between non-humanities scholars and humanities、Thinking about the humanities。Currently，Public humanities is often understood in a narrow sense as the dissemination of humanities knowledge to non-academic people，This undoubtedly constitutes an obstacle to the complexity and advancement of public humanities theory and practice，Limits its development possibilities。Hearing bet365 offers provides theory and practice for the humanities to engage and inspire public reasoning and policymaking，Promoting the development of public humanities。

　　"Chinese bet365 offers Sciences Journal":In the bet365 offers and social sciences，“Narrative” is an extremely common concept。Within academic scope，What is the difference between “narrative” and “story”？

　　Craig:We are based on English academic literature，Conducted a large-scale literature review on the use of "narrative" in various disciplines。Generally speaking，When researchers want to get serious about “bet365 offers”，And argue directly or implicitly why it should be done，They seem to prefer "narrative" rather than "story"。However，“Narrative” and “story” are essentially synonyms，There is no conflict in their definitions。Then，Why these two words are used in different contexts，And "narrative" is more commonly used than "story"？Our opinion is，First，“Narrative” sounds more solemn，Can make the topic of discussion more serious。Secondly，Using "narrative" can circumvent the relationship between non-fiction and fiction to a certain extent、The complex issue of reality and unreality，And "story" is more often related to fiction、Unreal links together。

We named the new book "Listen to bet365 offers" precisely because "story" is closer to fiction than "narrative"，Can generally refer to literary and film and television works、Social Media、Oral tradition and other forms of material that people make up (create from their imagination)。By using the word "story"，We would like to emphasize，Whether it is closer to a "fictional" story，Still closer to a “narrative” story，Taking bet365 offers seriously can produce cognitive value。