For the past century，field operations as anthropology、Most important research methods for disciplines such as folklore，I have been constantly reflecting and being confirmed repeatedly in the restart。It can be said，field operations as a research method，It seems that it has reached the point where the fire is pure。This means that it is likely to have "halo"，So as to fight against customers，From knowledge production means to knowledge itself。At this time，What we need to do is to "removing charm"，Let it return to "secular"，The academic mission of returning to knowledge production。

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For the past few decades，Many scholars have realized that field homework is not actually a personal matter of researchers，Instead, the business completed with the researcher，Even to a large extent，The information obtained by the scholars is already the translation of the locals。Gelz proposes to "towards the deep -described anthropology"，Thinking "what we call information，In fact, we explain the explanation of what others and their compatriots are doing "。

If the mission of the field operation is to produce and "write" the ethnic history，So what is the mission of the national history? Over the past decades，rounds of field operations reflect on the wave of field operations，What are you doing? These reflection and criticisms，For the discipline knowledge of folklore and anthropology，What does it mean? Pay too much attention to reflecting on the production process of the nation and the rhetoric of various writing sense，Is it beneficial to the increase in folklore and anthropological knowledge? For example, the multi -point ethnic history that is often mentioned now、The main ethnic history、WeChat National Chronicle or Internet National Chronicle、The concepts of clues and ethnic history，To Bet365 app download what extent is it in strict knowledge production?

Think about these problems，Need to return to the advocate and practitioner of the scientific field operation, Marinnovsky，Re -examine the academic mission of the national history。Now，We may be able to discuss field operations from another angle，That is how it becomes a practical foundation for the establishment of its theoretical discourse。The historical sorting of field homework as a research method is not difficult，The real difficulties are actually understanding why this research method is after the initial attempt，immediately attracted more people’s attention，and get the "rule" status in academic practice。or，We can ask this question: What is the historical mission and academic mission of field homework?

The field in the research method is an academic construction

No doubt，Field homework as a research method，Its historical and academic mission is production knowledge。Therefore，No matter what，The fields in the academic sense are all the products of academic constructing。Our so -called field，Originally a fragment of life that has never been interrupted nor completed。Based on certain academic hypothesis，We "sliced" the lives of the locals，and use various academic tools or academic discourse to interpret and analyze the "texture" of these "slices"，In the end, it will form a text。

Since Marinovsky，Field operations gradually become anthropology、Folk Studies and other disciplines are the only way to do。In the saying of "field" with metaphorical significance，We are like farmers who are working on the land，Where to get your own need。but but，Academic fields are not always placed naturally waiting for us to cultivate，More often the creation and discovery of researchers。In other words，Researchers discovered "field" with the problem consciousness。Field is a social space with borders。Border means the ownership of life，As "Enter"，We enter the field are not always righteous。

Field homework is not bet365 live casino games tourist travel after all，It before starting，There must be one or some assumptions，These assumptions constitute the theme of field homework，It also ensures the professionalism of the survey data。Otherwise，Any locals in the field，Theoretically, it should be a local culture、Society、Real experts in life research。Experience Tell us，It's not the case for facts。Locals do not often reflect on their daily life，Because this is unnecessary; daily life without reflection，It is difficult to say that it is a professional knowledge，This is beyond doubt。

When we use the data in the field as a research text，Need to be aware，For locals，Our field homework itself is a "event" in their daily life。In this event，Their inquiries about us and the attitude or other actions to us，There is no difference in events in essence and other daily life。For them，We are just an unrelated "stranger"。Unrelated here，Not to say that the locals do not fully realize our "value" or various social resources embedded in our scholars，Instead, for their daily life，As a stranger we temporarily break in, we will not have a substantial impact on their lives，Even except "talking about funds"，The traces we have been here will soon disappear。So，What does our (researcher) have to do with the locals?

　Two stages of field operations: communication and writing

Dialogue communication and writing，It is the two practical stages of field operations。These two stages correspond to the two functions of field operations，That is, one aspect，From the perspective of the relationship between the researcher and the locals，field operations are information exchange practices between researchers and locals; on the other hand，From the relationship between researchers and readers，Field homework is the knowledge production method of folklore or anthropology。The former can be generally summarized as "knowledge of expression"，The latter can summarize as "knowledge of production"bet365 live casino games 。The so -called expression of expression，refers to the researcher intercept the daily knowledge of the people、Selection、Translation、Adapted knowledge, and the knowledge of production，It can be regarded as researchers to pack the knowledge expressed in academic community sharing in the form of discourse forms shared by academic communities with the words that are in line with academic norms and rhetoric techniques.。

Writing is the stage of completing the history and academic mission of field operation，That is the stage of production knowledge。After leaving the field，Researchers re -process the collected materials or information to form text works。At this time，Researchers bear the function of the writer。3998_4023，Then put the work to the academic market for readers' inspection as a reader。Writing stage，Strictly speaking, it belongs to literature (can also be replaced by other vocabulary，For example, knowledge、Academic, etc.) Review phase。At this time，The locals as the main body are obviously and should be out of the field，Even if they saw the work，Also the reader's position rather than life。

Of course，The locals did not completely disappear，Their life has become text。The life of the text，Under the operation of the concept and theoretical system，It has become an academic knowledge for anthropology or folklore。Once academic knowledge is formed，The lives of the locals have gained eternal meaning or objective meaning，It's like a Nuer，Although the life of the Nurns has changed dramatically，But when people read the "Nur" from Evans Plechard，I will still get an extremely real picture sensation，As if that kind of life、That scene never go far。In this sense,，Life that becomes text gains eternity。

For life，Eternal is a poetic illusion，Because life itself is flowing、Is an unfinished、It is accompanied by the always existence of the individual of life。It surpasses individual life，Walking from the Bet365 app download past，Volume through the present，Towards the future。Get eternity in this permanent historical long current，It is difficult to achieve the power of others。Therefore，The biggest contribution of researchers to the locals is，The communication fragments of each other's life practice through text into work，to eternity; at the same time，Researchers' gains are also here，He gets the lives of others through the work at the same time，It also gained eternity due to the right of signature。

　Researchers' two identities: Author and writer

Generally speaking，There are two basic relationships in field operations to deal with，The relationship between researchers and locals and the relationship between researchers and readers。Here we correspond to the dual identity of the researcher，that is, "Author" (the main body in the sense of discourse) and the writer (creator in the sense of text works)。

In this sense,，Researchers have realized the transformation from the relationship between researchers and readers from the relationship between researchers and readers with the help of nationality writing。As far as researchers and "locals" are concerned，Field homework is a common cause，The two belong to "Author"，That is, they are in common discourse practice，The exchange of knowledge and information has been realized。At this time，The two are the main body。For researchers and readers，The national mind is a product of "writing"，That is，They are not the main body with the reader，Instead, the relationship between "understanding" and "understanding" is formed by the national aspirations。This relationship model of "author -writer" and "local -researcher -reader" with the help of "field -nationality"，It provides us with new ideas for understanding the writing of the nation。

The author agrees with the right to repay the right to speak to the locals，Because let the locals speak，Is the basic ethics of any human and folk scholars who hold humanist ideology。But do not agree with the power to pay back to the locals，In a sense,，The power to write is the Bet365 app download basic essence of scholars' life。Because the introduction of the relationship model of "Author -Writing" and "Localist -Researcher -Researcher"，We will find，Because field research may be just the discourse and information exchange practice process of researchers and locals，So I did not really assume the responsibility of "academic writing"。Therefore，There is no question whether "locals" should participate in writing。In addition, the folklore or national book writing link of "academic writing"，"Local People" has exited，In the field of "writing -reading"，Researchers (at this time as "Writing Authors") and readers obviously become "protagonist"，At this time, the question of whether the power of "locals" should be discussed.。

From this，When we are conducting field research，It is necessary to clarify the relationship between the author and the locals and the relationship between the author and the reader。This distinction is by no means a simple text game，Instead, the academic mission problem involved in the field of the field。This distinction is by no means a simple text game，In the end, after being tested by readers，can really become subject knowledge，Therefore, the reading needs of the reader are the initial motivation for us to communicate with the "locals"。

Field homework as a research method，Not only the field process of the field of discourse communication，It also includes the writing process of national or folk customs as a knowledge production。This is the two stages of field operations，It is also a manifestation of two pairs of relationships，The former reflected the relationship between researchers and locals，The latter is reflected in the relationship between the researcher and the reader; the researchers in the former assume the function of "author"，To form some kind of discourse with the locals，and obtained the right to interpret it; the latter in the latter assumes the function of "writer"，Mainly writing the words of interpreting the right to interpret the right to obtain the right to interpret in the field of rhetoric。bet365 Play online games Through text works (ethnic or folklore)，"Communication discourse" and "academic knowledge" have been realized。Through this conversion，Field homework finally completed its academic mission，Academic Knowledge。At the same time，Academic knowledge recognized by readers，It is the field operation as a folklore、Where the legitimacy of the most important research method of anthropology is。

(Author Unit: School of Social Sciences, Wuhan University)