"Afghan Documents: Alas of the United States in the Afghan War、Deception and Truth "([US] Craig Whitlock，CITIC Publishing House, December 2021 Edition) Use an interview record、Oral History Records and the official part of the official document，Restore the secret history of the United States in Afghanistan，Demo the misconduct of the United States in the Afghan war、Lost and Failure，Deeply summarized the 20 -year Afghanistan's anti -terrorism achievements in the United States.。Read this book，At least six reasons for the United States for 20 years of anti -terrorism achievements in Afghanistan。

One，The United States has never told the public，It is to fight a fast -moving counter -terrorism re -war，Still going to play a long -term persistence anti -terrorism tug -of -war。Different from previous wars in American history，Afghanistan war is provoked by an inland country that is lurking on the other side of the earth.。In the early days of the war, the US's overwhelming support after the war，Optical progress on the ground battlefield，Frequent the anti -terrorism warfaris that was killed by a large number of members by the Taliban and a large number of members of the base organization，I don’t think about how to withdraw Bet365 app download Afghanistan，Knowing its beginning and unknown。The U.S. government suffers from the issue of withdrawal of troops，Domestic politics tend to serve domestic politics with victory or pretending to be pretended to be。Results，The war of the Afghanistan's overwhelming support from the American people gradually became a universal war for the whole people。

Its two，Strategic in a short -term plan to deal with long -term challenges，Key decision -making。Due to quickly defeating Taliban，The Bush government launched the Iraq war in 2003，So that the Afghan war is seriously lost，Affected the US government's evaluation of the battlefield situation and the adjustment of subsequent strategic strategies。The United States cannot dialectically understand the relationship between the goals and small on the Afghanistan issue，Can't master the power behind the situation and the power behind the situation of Afghanistan，Falling into the quagmire of war。Actually，Minister of Defense Gates believes that the Bush administration's democratic desire for Afghanistan and the national construction plan are a daydream，It is necessary to achieve generations to achieve。but，The Bush government has not contracted the war because of the large goal，Instead, he is ambitious that he must not only "defeat terrorists"，It is also necessary to transform Afghanistan into "a stability that respects its citizen rights、Bet365 lotto review Mild、Democratic countries "。Strategy corresponding to the United States，First, it is to combat and weaken the Taliban，Second, strengthen the construction of Afghanistan security forces，enables it to independently refuse the Taliban，Third, to prevent any organization from attacking the United States based on Afghanistan as the base。These three strategies contradict each other，Can't coordinate to solve the big and small、Long -term and short -term problems。

Its three，Strategy inconsistent，Always swing up between counter -terrorism and rebellion。War priority choices in the United States are obviously Iraq with rich oil resources，and the progress related to the barren and desolate Afghanistan stagnate，The coordination of the United States for the coordination of the Allied Army in Aegasus is also difficult to develop。Obama period，Midea's strategic logic is constantly changing，The rebellion strategy formulated by McRistell is based on the hypothesis that cannot be determined。For example，I believe that as long as the Afghan government can provide safe and reliable public services，People will stand on the side of the Afghan government，Therefore to support the US rebellion。but，Afghan Pushti people generally sympathize with Taliban，I believe that the Afghan government is a puppet，Americans are pagans and intruders。At the same time，Afghanistan war is a deep -bottomed bet365 best casino games gold black hole，Obama puts the cornerstone of the anti -rebellion strategy on strengthening the Afghan government and its economic capabilities，There are two congenital defects: First, the Afghan government has never effectively controlled most of the land，It is expected that it is strongly combined with the moon in the water; the second is the U.S. army、Government departments and assistance agencies help Afghanistan to build schools、Open Hospital、Repair Road，The expense expenditure of the large water -filled type and a large number of personnel areted too much in Afghanistan，It will inevitably lead to this strategy unsustainable。

Four，Seriously underestimating Pakistan's influence on Afghanistan's issue。Due to historical and geopolitical factors，Pakistan has unique influence and interests on Afghanistan issues。"9 · 11" incident，​​The United States takes the "Better Back Stone Age" as a threat to force Pakistan to cooperate with counter -terrorism，This compulsive cooperation can be used at all，It is impossible to use one life。The United States always starts from its own interests，It is profitable for Pakistan to use，No need to abandon it like。There is a lesson of the front car that was abandoned by the United States after the Cold War，Pakistan cannot adapt to the US counter -terrorism in the United States。

Its five，U.S. drugs against Afghanistan、Two major illnesses of warlords bet365 live casino games have unrealistic fantasies。Drugs are the deformed economic performance caused by the long -term war in Afghanistan，Both the reason and the result，Nothing once and for all solutions to the magic side。Afghan officials and US contractors jointly falsify on the problem of eliminating Afghan Opium，False data deceives the US government and Congress。Failure of the "River Dance Action" promoted by the United States for governance of opium planting，2006 Afghan poppy output set a historical record。A successful anti -drug action，Depending on whether it can be widely mobilized by the power of rural Afghanistan，And this will never be done in the United States。The United States expects that warlords will join the new political system to become a new force，At the same time, it has also created a problem that can never be solved: Many warlords pass drug trafficking、Bringing and other illegal means get huge income，and continue to upgrade with the means of becoming senior officials，This makes corruption a major illness of the Afghan government。

Afghan government systemic corruption issues，Make the United States help the construction of Afghan security forces that cannot be completed。Police become private armed forces serving warlords or tribal elders，The security forces of more than 500 people could not even fight the Taliban armed for 20 or 30 people。Push over time，Afghan people are completely disgusted，It can only bet365 best casino games fall into the Taliban for "two harmful power"。

Its six，U.S. policy policies in Afghanistan，Children's style of bureaucracy，It is difficult to form a departmental joint force that coordinated with strategy。The bureaucratic style of the US government makes many measures to Afghanistan often lack common sense cognition，Eventually leading to inefficiency and invalidity。For example，Americans want to help Afghanistan to run schools，But Afghan people just want their children to put sheep。The United States is willing to believe in the construction of a hydropower station in Kandaha and provide electricity to the public，can persuade them to give up supporting Taliban，But the people of Afghanistan do not know what to use for electricity。

Once the war machine is turned on，It is difficult to reflect and repair。The U.S. government has not built a strategic strategy in a special geography to Afghanistan、Objective cognition of special culture and special history。long -term chess for a long time on the issue of withdrawal from Afghanistan and not withdrawing troops，Its influencing factors are not in the cave in Afghanistan，In the case of Congress Mountain。More in the United States views the Afghan war from the perspective of domestic party struggle，instead of starting from the perspective of international games，In the end, the anti -terrorism achievement turns into emptiness。

(The author is deputy dean of the China Institute bet365 live casino games of Modern International Relations)