Under the guidance of the "Work Plan on the Research on the Daxing Investigation of the whole party"，Investigation and research from various places is full of wind，Through the investigation, "finding a problem、Analysis of the problem、Solve the problem "。This survey research and anthropology、Sociology、Field survey methods used to disciplines such as ethnicology and other disciplines have great similarities。The latter usually uses the first -hand materials obtained by field research as the basis for the production of knowledge。Ethnographic Fieldwork is a common field survey type，Direct contact with researchers and researchers (or locals)、Features of intimate interaction，Emphasizing the surveyor (or field worker) has long participated in the life of the research object，By participating in observation、In -depth interviews and other technical means to learn about local society and culture。Regardless of whether the starting point is based on the production of academic knowledge or the problem -oriented investigation research，Social surveys that are relatively short in the short term or the national history survey that is immersed in local culture for a long time，All need to be performed under the constraints of ethical norms。Ethical Code Guide Field Investigator what can do in research、Which can not be done、What should be done，What treatment principles are followed when there is a problem。Ethical specifications at the institutional level and the ethical ethics at the personal level shall run through the entire research。Current，my country has not yet bet365 Play online games established a system、Multi -layered、Ethical rules that are easy to guide and practice。

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Ethical dilemma often occurs

Field survey in the "experimental field" of society，The research object faced with is living people。Researcher's personal identity、Behavior and location directly affect the acquisition of field materials。The income of the National Shitian Survey is researchers and research objects、​​Social Culture、Results of interactive interaction of time and space scenes。Because field workers and research objects have behavioral preferences in a certain social scene、interest appeal、value understanding、Moral standards and other differences，Researchers may face the dilemma in the field survey。For example，If the reporter was found in the field survey，People who provide information to the field workers involve some illegal acts，Whether to report to the police; whether the information and collected information can be disclosed to local officials; if the interview object is minor，Whether the content of the parents openly interview，Especially when involving privacy such as physical and mental conditions。Disputes are also common on the issue of recording。Some investigators believe that the recording is only used as a research material，It may be possible if it is not disclosed，Some investigators believe that if their behavior is legal，He fear recording and recording; some interviewees refuse to recording，Just because I feel discomfort，Even if "Nothing to say"。

The scene of dilemma originated from the conflict between the interests between different identity characters。Each reporter's limit on the topic of discussion、Comfort feels different，If the cognition and feelings of the recording are different，It will Bet365 lotto review also cause the dispute whether the behavior is appropriate。In this case，If there is no ethics rules, it can follow，Lack of consensus for priority codes (such as reporters' interests first)，It may cause damage to the participants。Ethnic Shitian Investigation Due to the long -term need to be investigators、Intervention in the lives of the locals to varying degrees，To create a contact、Friendship and trust to get field materials，It is easier to bring different degrees to the research objects、Different orientation influences。It may be both positive or negative; it may be an impact on individual psychology，It may also be the impact on society; the influence is sometimes lagging，Only after the researchers left the field，Therefore, being ignored by researchers。

In short，Ethnic Shimoda Investigation cannot be separated from people's interaction，It is easier to fall into the action of active participation (not only including researchers and researchers，Usually include local governments、Project funder, etc.) The conflict of interests caused by some ethical dilemma，To make researchers in the dilemma, I do n’t know how to deal with it，It may even cause damage to the survey object。So，Make sure the researchers have appropriate、Ethical rules that meet local rules can be followed by itself。

　　Establishing field survey ethics rules from multiple levels

Establishing Ethics Code is both a protection research object，It is also protecting the field workers，Ensure for the necessary means to ensure reasonable research。Following the research ethics should not only stay on "cannot secretly recording" or "anonymous to the reporter"，Although this is undoubtedly one of the principles。Research ethics include wider content，Existing technical guidelines bet365 live casino games and requirements，There are also moral constraints。Its goal is to ensure that a study does not hurt the research object，Let it be fairly、Humanly treats，It does not hurt the academic community。Division from the organization publishing and executing subjects，Ethical Code can be divided into institutional level ethical specifications and personal ethical ethics。At the institutional level，There are many international criteria issued by the Education Commissioner for human behavior research，Effective research must be followed; at the same time，There are also behavioral guidelines formulated by the professional society according to the characteristics of various disciplines。For example，American Anthropology Society made a public statement on research ethics in 1967，During the times, it has been changed through the times.。other，The school department should also formulate their respective ethical rules。

Specifically，Given the uniqueness of the goals and content of each research project，Generally, the academic institutions they are located before the development of the academic institutions are independent review and evaluation。Pre -judgment of process progress and consequences before the survey，It is an important part of research ethics。For questions that may occur，The preset solution，Make sure that it will not cause trouble or even infringement of research participants during the process。If these conditions cannot be met，This research should be abandoned。Enter the field with prediction of consequences，Protection of the interests of the research object，Not only the verbal or written consent of the interview object during the survey，As an "outsider" as a "outsider" should be soberly judged by the impact of the investigation activities bet365 best casino games on a larger social environment。Interview reporters may not realize at that time without realizing information to provide information or help the harm that may be brought about，Or they just talk about events and express their feelings in their opinion。but，Field workers are obliged to predict the possible consequences，and take corresponding coping measures。

In the survey，It is necessary to take the interests of the reporter first，Maintenance as much as possible to maximize the interests of reporters。The principle of equality should be adhered to，Can't exploit research objects in emotion or economy，To give a reasonable return。As for what is reasonable return，Different reporters may have different views，Determine depends on the situation。Some people think it is money，Someone wants to be a gift，Someone needs to pay for time to accompany，Someone just expects "thanks"。I found out when I was investigating in the nursing home，The return that the elderly expect is to accompany and listen to their stories; and in research on Africans，The return that is often expected is friendship，and can provide help when you need it in the future。

Equality also includes the information of the researcher and the researcher。The survey object has the right to know about the research that it is involved in it。Investigators should actively inform the research target information about the survey project -include and not limited to research purposes、Content、Uses，Project host and its team、Institution、Project funder, etc.，The research results should be explained at the beginning。Research objects, especially questionnaires on social networks in recent years、Information of the interview object，According to the author's observation，Most of them did not leave clear bet365 live casino games project information。If the researchers intentionally or unintentionally conceal the real situation of the research project，or only provide some real information as appropriate，How to ask the researchers to be frank，What about real content? therefore，It should be emphasized at the beginning of the research，Explain the project information to the research object，and get their knowledge consent。

Another common method of protecting the interests of research objects is to protect the privacy of the field reporters。Anonymous is a very common means，However, it is not the same as the pseudonym of the reporter and the field，People who are familiar with the situation，It may be easy to "crack" the reputation。The key is to ensure that the real identity information of the reporter is not found，Avoid everything that may be passive、The situation of embarrassing or even dangerous situation appears。In fact，Researchers and researchers are often in an unequal rights relationship，After obtaining field materials，How to use materials、What parts are selected for the presentation of research results，The right to decide is almost all in the hands of researchers，Research objects are often lost。This requires researchers to be responsible and ethical，Do not do harm to report people's interests。

Ethnic Shitian Survey is often accompanied by the complexity and diversity of social situations，It is difficult to rely on a set of rigid rules。The establishment of institutional ethical codes requires a longer time，Each college、Learn to target different research fields，The rules of ethical guidelines are definitely not the same。Even so，Researchers can still set up ethical ethics in personal research and practice。Some obvious defensive rules，For example, bet365 best casino games equality、Secret, etc.，Only this，and in the academic works, what kind of ethical rules are followed in the process of the research launch。Only this，Readers can read the materials read in the specific national and social context。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Anthropology Research on Foreign Business in China and Foreign Merchants and Countermeasures" (19CSH056) phased achievement)

(the author is a researcher at the Beijing Social Construction Research Base of Renmin University of China)