China’s Mongolian Studies Classics has a long history，The earliest "History Articles" that can be traced back to the masterpiece of Zhou Xuanwang，Later, there are "Cangjie", "Express", "Zeng Guangxian Wen", "Young Xue Qionglin", "Thousands of Poems", etc.，Number of quantities。These readings are often rich in content，It is easy to understand，Lang Langkou，Diverse surface。In these classics，It is the most widely circulated、The biggest impact is the "Three Characters", "Thousand Characters" and "Disciples Regulations"，They are the earliest enlightenment readings translated by the West and a large number of translations。According to statistics，"Three Characters" about 50 kinds of various translations，At least 16 kinds of "Thousand Characters"，"Disciple Regulations" about 11 species。Differences in quantity are obvious: "Disciples Regulations" is the latest in books，2255_2273，But the content is relatively interesting and not boring。From the perspective of the prosperity of the translating activity，The translations of these Mongolian classics can be classified as three stages: the prosperity period of the 18th to 19th century，The silence period from the early 20th century to the 1970s，The revival period from bet365 Play online games the 1980s to the present。

18th -19th century is the prosperity period for Western missionaries to enter China，Most of the translators in this period are missionaries。Missionary missionary education must first learn Chinese，To understand Chinese culture，Mongolian classics can meet these two requirements at the same time。The rise of the translation of the Mongolian classics began in Russia missionary。18th century，The translator of the 4 "Three Characters" translated by Russia is a member of the Emperor Troupe。Around 1740，Locoxin, a student of the second class of the Emperor Corps, translates the "Three Characters" and "Thousand Characters" into Russian，Although the translation has not been published，But it is undoubtedly an important step in the Russian Sinology Institute。The first translation of the "Three Character Classics" published in Russia was translated by Alexeie Lionevyev，Printing in 1779。"Petersburg Communication" published a book review the following year，Call it "Poetic Proverbs" from China。This translation can be published and attracted attention，First, because Yekaterina II admires Chinese elements and therefore set off a wave of "Chinese heat" in Russia，Second, the Chinese view of the Chinese enlightenment thinkers had a direct impact on the Russian ideological community at the time，Works about Chinese works are very popular among readers at that time。In Russia，The most classic、The most far -reaching "Three -character Classic" translation is translated by Bhikkilin。bet365 best casino games This translation was published in 1829 and caused a warm response in the Russian academic community，Many newspapers and periodicals comment and recommend it。"Moscow Telecom" commented on the "Three Characters" "Meridity" is amazing ";" Athena "believes that this book can let people understand the way of thinking of" Oriental Wisdom "; All the Chinese people's speculation。The translation of bhikkally appeared in the works of Russian sinologists from time to time。It is worth mentioning is，Pushkin who yearns for China for life，This translation of Bhikkilin in his family collection。

By the 19th century，Western Sinology has achieved a certain degree of development and precipitation，and out of the Chinese market，Further understanding the needs of Chinese culture and publicity gospel，The translation of the Mongolian classics during this period became more and more prosperous，Translations in different languages ​​have sprung up like a bamboo shoot。Marizon、裨、Neman、Malan、Metus、Rulian、Qin You、、Pigram、Zhai Lisi、Guo Dongchen、Oudoli、Huffman、Alian Wall、Xiude and others have translated "Three Characters" or "Thousand Characters"，Its language includes English、German、French、Latin、Swedish、Italian, etc.。The first English translation of the "Three Character Classics" comes from Mariezon，Published in 1812。and the first English translation of "Thousand Characters" comes from Xiude，Translation with prose，Published in 1831。It is worth noting that，At this stage, there bet365 Play online games are two translations of the "Three Characters"，The translator is Metus and Malan。The purpose of their translation of this book is to understand the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and its religious beliefs。In fact，As early as 1823，Metu Si has written a new teaching "Three Character Classics" imitations。According to Wei San Fei，At that time, there were multiple similar imitation books used in Chinese church schools。To some extent，This can be regarded as a compromise of Christianity's tradition of education in China。1873，Zhai Lisi also translated the "Three Characters" and "Thousand Characters"，Published with the title of "Two Chinese Poems"。Later，Zhai Lisi revised the translation of the "Three Characters" in 1900。This revision is rich in its sub -text information、Easy to read and become one of the most popular Mongolian classics in the West。August 1895，U.S. missionary He Delan published the translation of "Disciples" in the Journal of Academic Affairs，This is the first English translation of this book。

early 20th century to the 1970s，The translation agency activity of Chinese Mongolian classics decreased sharply，and the influence of the translation is relatively weakened。1902，German Sinologist Wei Lixian published the German translation of the "Three Characters" in the Shanghai German Pictorial，This is Wei Lixian's first translation。In addition, there is also a clumsy old man、Jiang Keqiu and S. H. Lindt's translation。Another，Bobei also translated "Thousand Characters" and published in 1925 on the "Notes"。At this stage, the translation of the Mongolian classics is so scarce，mainly because bet365 live casino games of the turbulence of the international situation at that time，Two World War has brought huge destruction to humans in material and spiritual。At the same time，The social status in China also largely affects the translation agency activity of cultural classics。

The 1980s，The influence of China's reform and opening up began to appear in the cultural field，The "Chinese Studies Fever" in the 1980s and 1990s also led to foreign translation activities of domestic cultural classics。1989，Pan Shiz published the "Three Characters" translation，This translation was selected into the UNESCO "Children's Moral Series" in 1990，This is also the first Chinese enlightenment classic in the series edited by the United Nations。1990s，Wang Shujin、He Gongjie、Wen Zhenyu、Wang Xiuliang、Fan Huaiqiu and others have translated "Three Characters"。

Enter the 21st century，People have new requirements for the depth and breadth of cultural exchanges，The translation of the classics is in full swing。2007，The "Three Characters" translated by Meng Fanjun and the "Thousand Characters" translated by Peng Fsheng was included in the Greater China Library。2012，The first Arabic "Three Characters" translated by Li Wenling and Luo Lin was released。2014，Zhao Yanchun published the "Yingyun Three Characters"，This translation has received wide attention。Before that，Most of the translations of the "Three Characters" are prose，Only Zhai Lisi、He Gongjie、Wang Baotong and other minority translators try to translate with rhyme，But they cannot strictly obey the "three words"Bet365 lotto review , the most basic poetic characteristics for the "Three Characters"。And Zhao Yanchun's translation has broken through the huge difficulties corresponding to this form for hundreds of years，Rigid translation、Strict three -word form and regular puppet rhyme reproduced the form beauty of the "Three Characters"、Rhythm beauty and meaning beauty。This translation plays an important role in promoting the overseas communication of the Chinese classic "Three Characters"。2016，Zhao Yanchun published "Yingyun: Three Characters · Disciples Rules · Thousand Characters"，Among them, "Thousand Characters" in English with thousands of words in English，and neat rhyme，Translation is accurate，It is really valuable。

Through the process of translation of Mongolian classics western translation，We find that whether it is the main body of the translator、Translation purpose、Translation style、Auxiliary text information, etc.，There are obvious historical changes。It can be said，The Western translation process of the Mongolian classics is actually a microcosm of the Chinese cultural classics and even the western biography of Oriental Culture。The new era put forward new requirements for the translator，But this is also a brand new opportunity。How to seize this opportunity，Better Chinese culture to the world，better into the life of Western readers，Is a career that needs to be committed for a long time。

(This article is the "Jytjq201805) phased achievement of the" Outstanding Youth Scientific Research Talent Cultivation Plan "(Jytjq201805)

(Author Unit: School bet365 best casino games of Foreign Language, School of Foreign Studies, Fuzhou)