China’s Mongolian classics have a long history，The earliest can be traced back to the "Shi Zhou Pian" written by King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty，Later there are "Cangjie Pian", "Jijiu Pian", "Zengguang Xianwen", "Young School Qionglin", "Qianjia Shi", etc.，Large number。These readings are often informative，Easy to understand，Catchy，Wide popularity。And in these classics，The most widely circulated、The most influential ones are "Three Character Classic", "Thousand Character Classic" and "Disciple Regulations"，They are therefore also the earliest enlightenment books translated and introduced in the West with a large number of translations。According to statistics，About 50 various translations of "The Three Character Classic"，At least 16 types of "Thousand Character Essay"，About 11 types of "Disciple Rules"。The reason for the difference in quantity is obvious: "Disciples' Regulations" was written the latest，Although the "Three Character Classic" is later than the "Thousand Character Classic"，But its content is relatively interesting and not boring。Judging from the prosperity of bet365 withdrawal and introduction activities，The bet365 withdrawal of these Mongolian classics can be divided into three stages: the prosperous period from the 18th to the 19th centuries，The silent period from the early 20th century to the 1970s，Renaissance period from the 1980s to the present。

The 18th and 19th centuries were the prosperous period for Western missionaries to preach in China，The vast majority of translators during this period were missionaries。Missionaries must first learn Chinese，To understand Chinese culture，Mongolian classics can meet these two requirements at the same time。The rise of bet365 withdrawal and introduction of Mongolian classics began with Russian missionaries。18th century，The translators of the four Russian translations of the Three Character Classic are all members of the missionary team。around 1740，Luo Suoxin, a member of the second class of the missionary team, translated the "Three Character Classic" and "The Thousand Character Classic" into Russian，Although the bet365 withdrawal has never been published，But it is undoubtedly an important step taken by Russian Sinology。The first bet365 withdrawal of "The Three Character Classic" published in Russia was translated by Alexei Leontiev，Printed in 1779。The Petersburg Correspondence published a book review the following year，Called it a “poetic motto” from China。This bet365 withdrawal can be published and noticed，First, because Catherine II herself advocated Chinese elements and thus set off a wave of "China fever" in Russia，The second reason is that the views on China of Western European Enlightenment thinkers had a direct impact on the Russian ideological circles at that time，Works about China were quite popular among readers at that time。In Russia，The most classic、The bet365 withdrawal of the "Three Character Classic" with the most far-reaching influence was translated by Bhikkhu Lin。After this bet365 withdrawal was published in 1829, it aroused enthusiastic response in Russian academic circles，Many newspapers and periodicals commented and recommended it。"Moscow Telegraph" commented on "The Three Character Classic" as "profound, simple yet amazing"；"Athena" believes that this book can help people understand the way of thinking of "Eastern Wisdom"；"Literature News" believes that this book explains all the thinking of the Chinese。Bichurin’s bet365 withdrawal also appears from time to time in the works of Russian sinologists。It is worth mentioning，Pushkin who yearned for China all his life，His family library contains this bet365 withdrawal of Bhikkhu Ling。

In the 19th century，Western Sinology has developed and precipitated to a certain extent，And to develop the Chinese market，The need to further understand Chinese culture and promote the gospel，In this period, the bet365 withdrawal and introduction of Mongolian classics became more and more prosperous，Translations in different languages ​​have sprung up。Morrison、PI Zhiwen、Neiman、Ma Lan、Mados、Rulian、Qin You、Chao Dexi、Pojie、Zhai Lisi、Guo Dongchen、Oudli、Hoffman、Alianbi、Xiude and others have translated the "Three Character Classic" or "The Thousand Character Classic"，The language includes English、German、French、Latin、Swedish、Italian, etc.。The first English bet365 withdrawal of "The Three Character Classic" was by Morrison，Published in 1812。The first English bet365 withdrawal of "The Thousand Character Essay" was by Xiude，Translated in prose，Published in 1831。It’s worth noting，There are two translations of "Three Character Classic" at this stage，Translated by Medus and Malan。Their purpose of translating this book is to understand the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and its religious beliefs。In fact，As early as 1823，Metus once compiled a copy of the Protestant "Three Character Classic"。According to what Wei Sanwei said，There were many similar imitations used in missionary schools in China at that time。To some extent，This can be seen as a compromise between Christianity and Chinese educational tradition。1873，Zhai Lisi also translated the "Three Character Classic" and "The Thousand Character Classic"，Published under the title "Two Chinese Poems"。Later，Zhai Lisi revised the bet365 withdrawal of "Three Character Classic" in 1900。This revised edition is rich in information due to its paratext、Easy to read and has become one of the most popular translations of Mongolian classics in the West。August 1895，American missionary He Delan published a bet365 withdrawal of "Disciple Rules" in the "Journal of Academic Affairs"，is the first English bet365 withdrawal of this book。

Early 20th century to 1970s，The bet365 withdrawal and introduction activities of Chinese elementary school classics have dropped sharply，And the influence of the bet365 withdrawal is relatively weak。1902，German sinologist Wei Lixian published the German bet365 withdrawal of "The Three Character Classic" in "Shanghai German Pictorial"，This is Wei Lixian’s first bet365 withdrawal。There is also a clumsy old man、Jiang Keqiu and S. H. Lindt’s bet365 withdrawal。Also，Pelliot also translated "The Thousand Character Essay" and published it in "Bulletin" in 1925。Translations of Mongolian classics are so rare at this stage，Mainly because of the turbulent international situation at that time，The two world wars brought huge destruction to mankind both materially and spiritually。At the same time，Domestic social conditions have also greatly affected the bet365 withdrawal and introduction activities of cultural classics。

1980s，The impact of China’s reform and opening up is beginning to show up in the cultural field，The “Chinese Studies craze” in the 1980s and 1990s also promoted the foreign bet365 withdrawal activities of domestic cultural classics。1989，Penshizi published the English bet365 withdrawal of "The Three Character Classic"，This bet365 withdrawal was selected into UNESCO’s “Children’s Moral Series” in 1990，This is also the first Chinese enlightenment classic included in a series edited by the United Nations。The following 1990s，Wang Shujin、He Gongjie、Wen Zhenyu、Wang Xiuliang、Fan Huaiqiu and others have translated the "Three Character Classic"。

Entering the 21st century，People have new requirements for the depth and breadth of inter-cultural exchanges，The bet365 withdrawal and introduction activities of classics are in full swing。2007，The "Three Character Classic" translated by Meng Fanjun and "The Thousand Character Classic" translated by Peng Fasheng were included in the "Greater China Library"。2012，The first Arabic "Three Character Classic" translated by Li Wenling and Luo Lin was released。2014，Zhao Yanchun published "The Three Character Classic of English Rhymes"，This bet365 withdrawal has received widespread attention。Before this，Most translations of the Three Character Classic are in prose，Only Giles、He Gongjie、A few translators such as Wang Baotong have tried to use rhyme bet365 withdrawal，But they cannot strictly follow the "three-word pattern", the most basic poetic feature of the "Three-Character Classic"。For the first time in hundreds of years, Zhao Yanchun’s bet365 withdrawal broke through the huge difficulties in this form of correspondence，With rigorous bet365 withdrawal、The strict three-word pattern and the regular rhyme pattern reproduce the formal beauty of the "Three Character Classic"、The beauty of rhythm and meaning。This bet365 withdrawal plays an important role in promoting the overseas dissemination of the Chinese classic "Three Character Classic"。2016，Zhao Yanchun published "Yingyun: Three Character Classic·Disciple Regulation·Thousand-Character Essay"，The "Thousand Character Essay" uses the English thousand words to correspond to the Chinese thousand characters，And the rhyme is neat，Accurate bet365 withdrawal，It’s really valuable。

Overview of the process of bet365 withdrawal of Mongolian classics into Western languages，We found that no matter the translator、bet365 withdrawal purpose、bet365 withdrawal style、Paratext information, etc.，Both have obvious historical changes。It can be said，The Western bet365 withdrawal process of Mongolian classics is actually a microcosm of the spread of Chinese cultural classics and even Eastern culture to the West。The new era places new demands on translators，But this is also a brand new opportunity。How to seize this opportunity，Better let Chinese culture go to the world，Better access to the lives of Western readers，It is a career that requires long-term commitment。

(This article is a phased result bet365 withdrawal “Outstanding Young Scientific Research Talent Cultivation Program” (JYTJQ201805) of universities in Fujian Province)

(Author’s unit: School of bet365 withdrawal Languages, Fuzhou University of bet365 withdrawal Studies)