Within the scope of the history of the world，Modern history is the most important part of，Not only because "modern" is tightly connected now，And because of the world in modern times, the world has changed dramatically，Change human society。What is "Modern"，But it is a difficult question that is difficult to answer，There is no consensus in the academic community。Foreign countries generally divide history into three stages: ancient、Middle Ages、Modern，Among them, "modern" and "modern" are not different。my country is used to separating "modern" and "modern"，"Modern" refers to after the 20th century，The lower limit of "Modern" is in the early 20th century。But where is the upper limit of "modern"，But there are a lot of differences。Affected by Soviet textbooks，my country has long regarded the British Revolution as the beginning of modern history of the world。After the "Cultural Revolution" is over，This view is challenged，More people tend to accept international mainstream views，15、The intersection of the 16th century is regarded as the watershed of "Middle Ages" and "Modern"。Some people also regard the British Industrial Revolution or the French Revolution as the starting point of "modern"，Even other views。No matter what，Historical installment is just a tool for people to analyze history and explain history，Real history is like flowing water，It is inseparable; changes in history have evolved in the long river，No new and old two points overnight。

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Before the establishment of the People's Republic of China，World History is not recognized by academic circles，People can teach world history，But it is bet365 Play online games impossible to "study" world history。The earliest world history teacher，Many are international students during the Republic of China，They learn "Western History" or "East History"，Give World History after returning to China，But it cannot take world history as a professional field，I have to take Chinese history as a research direction。After the founding of the People's Republic of China，It is these people who have become the earliest world historians，After forming a world historical discipline，They become academic founders in various fields。Under the influence of the Soviet system，World History becomes a component of history，Theoretically parallel with Chinese history，A group of scholars specialize in world history teaching and research，Universities have also established the World History and Teaching and Research Office。The World History Education and Research Office is generally divided into two parts，part of the ancient medieval，part is modern，Among them, modern is heavy head。

To cultivate world historians，The Chinese government sent a group of international students to study in the Soviet Union，They introduced the Soviet system。This system has become a fixed formula for a long time，It still has an impact today。At the same time，The Chinese government also hires Soviet experts to train teachers in China。This，The second -generation world historians have produced，Among them, a considerable number of people study modern history。This is how the world history discipline was established，So far still a young discipline。

After the "Cultural Revolution" is over，Relieve academic，Cultivate successors，The country has quickly restored the college entrance examination，The degree system was established。Benefits the world's modern history，The largest number of people in the world's historical discipline soon、The field with the widest research scope，Bet365 lotto review Its master's degree、Doctoral points are also widely distributed，Basically, it can cover all provinces and cities across the country。2014 discipline adjustment，World History is identified as a first -level discipline，Modern history becomes a second -level discipline of subordinates，laid the foundation for future development。

　　Academic research is becoming more deeper

The preliminary construction period of the world modern history discipline，It was established according to the Soviet mode，Basically copy the Soviet textbooks in the field of content and research，The range is relatively small。Research topics are mostly concentrated in the following aspects: British, American -French bourgeois revolution、European and American Industrial Revolution、Western colonial expansion、Imperialism and Fighter War、international relations centered on Europe and the United States; on the other hand，is the birth and dissemination of Marxism、Workers' Movement of various countries、The liberation struggle of the African -African and Litu nation、International Communist Movement, etc.。This is a relatively closed academic system，History vision is not wide，The scope of research is not wide。Despite this，Chinese modern history academic research in China starts from this，Get preliminary results。

The achievements of this stage are mainly manifested as follows: first，Established the guiding position of Marxism in the study of world history; second，I have a richer understanding and discussion on certain historical events，For example, the French Revolution、British Industrial Revolution、National Liberation Movement、A Imperialist War, etc.; Third，Popularize world history knowledge to the society，Let the ordinary people know some historical events，In this regard，The "World History Book" of the Business Press is indispensable; fourth，I wrote the earliest world bet365 best casino games history teaching sciences，In college textbooks，Monday Liang、The "History of the World" edited by Wu Yuyu has the foundation of laid significance，It is still widely used for reference today。The main disadvantage of this period is: first，Affected by "full Sonization"，Accepting some rigid and even wrong methods and arguments in the Soviet system，but unable to surpass; second，Due to various conditions limit，Small research range，Innovative consciousness is weak，There is a feeling of a thousand people;，It is difficult to contact archives historical materials，Lack of originality，Many materials are derived from Soviet History Book，This affects the quality of research。

After the "Cultural Revolution" is over，World History entered the development period of discipline，Modern History as a heavy part，The situation is particularly prominent，It can be described as "blowout"。Its characteristics are as follows: 1. On the premise of insisting on the basic theoretical guidance of Marxism，A hundred flowers have appeared，The theoretical exploration and research methods have changed significantly，Marx's discussion about "transformation of history to world history" is highly valued，Direction of world history, especially the study of modern history of the world。2. On this basis，Gradually form a world history research system exclusively created by Chinese scholars，Concentrated in the horizontal and vertical development of the historical development proposed by Wu Yuzheng、From decentralized to the overall model framework。3. Diversified angle and method of research，One yuan multi -line history and the main line of modern history of the world is modernization.。4. New weather，Start breaking through the rigidity of the Soviet Union、Textbook system for dividing，Breaking the narrative structure of the nation -state，Written textbooks from the perspective of overall historical bet365 Play online games perspective，Wu Yu appeared、A series of new textbooks represented by Qi Shirong's editor -in -chief of "World History"。5. The scope of research is greatly expanded，Through the study of contemporary Western history research，Social History、History of Culture、History of mentality、Oral History, etc. The previous unsteady areas have been included in the study of modern history of the world，Research content becomes rich。6. Topic selection is increasingly diversified，Research is increasingly deep，Academic and international standards，Directly linked to the original file，Make a batch of topics、Research deep academic achievements，There are some entering international academic frontiers，Dialogue with foreign historians，This is unimaginable in the past。7. For some important topics in modern history of the world，Such as the French Revolution、Modernization of Germany、Road to the UK、Colonial Empire, etc.，Multi -angle、Deep exploration，Posted some unique insights; for the research field that was ignored in the past，such as the history of the Middle East、Latin American history、History of Southeast Asia, etc.，Starting research，enriched the research content。8. Historians start to get out of the temple、Go to the public，Display historical knowledge and historical value in various ways，Created Volkswagen History。

The above summary hangs a leak，But it can also reflect the huge progress of modern history of the world。The biggest progress is in terms of talent training，Since the first doctoral thesis of the World History in 1985 through the defense，my country's self -cultivated world history talents are increasing。According to the calculation of graduation thesis on the Internet，In the past 20 years，Two or three hundred doctors in modern history should be cultivated、thousands of masters。，Every year, there are graduate students bet365 best casino games trained abroad to learn to return to China。The emergence of newborn power provides academic reserves for the study of modern history of the world，Conditions for the continued development of this discipline。

　　Need to continue hard

Current，Modern history of the world also faces some problems，Need to continue hard。First，The discipline is still not enough，As a discipline of modern history of the world，Its research field should cover the world，At least the main region and country in the world。but，The current situation is，It focuses on a few "important" countries，Ru Mei、Ying、Day、Russia, etc.，Large area is still blank，Like Northern Europe、Eastern Europe is vacant，Not to mention Africa、South America。When the discipline of modern history started，This phenomenon can be understood。but，The moment when you stride in the “Belt and Road”，Academic research should keep up with。

Second，Talent issues are prominent。Current，Few people who can study the blank area are not even or even，The way to solve this problem is to cultivate talents。The existing discipline point distribution is unreasonable，Based on existing discipline points，Extend to related areas，Gradually expand covering face，For example, British History、Dr. German history can extend to Nordic，Dr. Russian history can extend to Eastern Europe and Central Asia，Arab Dr. Point can jointly train Dr. Middle East History with Dr. World History，etc.。The key to doing this is to promote the top level，Relevant competent authorities shall plan overall planning。

third，There is currently a fragmented tendency in the historic community，One -sided emphasis on small and fine，Revisibility theoretical guidelines，Don’t recognize the existence of the historical system。This tendency is no exception in the study of modern history of the world，Especially in young scholars and students。Although this bet365 Play online games phenomenon is international，my country's academic circles should know Weidu Jie，Aware that this phenomenon not only affects the quality of academic，and will lose the direction of history。We should strengthen the target education of historical research，Let researchers understand the social functions of historical disciplines，Services for the country and society。

　(The author is a professor at Boya, Peking University)