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Passing and cross -cutting: The function and relationship between the history of the general history and the history of the interrogation

May 22, 2020 02:29 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 22, 2020, No. 1931 Author: Xie Guian

　　Traditional Chinese History belongs to narrative history，Different from the nature of analytical history and modern history。Traditional history to describe historical facts、Preservation of historical memory is the basic function，To meet the changes in the narrative angle，Formed a biography、Chronicles、Chronicle、Different narrative methods such as the system body body; in order to adapt to the selection of narrative periods，Different narrative genres such as general history and history have appeared。The so -called general history，refers to its narrative range is not limited to a certain dynasty，but span multiple dynasties，Historical book genre described by historical evolution clues，It has the characteristics of penetrating ancient and modern;，relative to Tong history，refers to its narrative limited to a historical book genre in a certain dynasty，The characteristics of cross -interceptive history。Whether it is a general history or a disconnection history，It's just a way to display traditional Chinese history。

　　Contents of the history of general history and history

　　In the history of Chinese history，A fierce debate that has appeared in the history of general history and the history of the interrogation。Tang Dynasty Liu Zhizhi attaches great importance to disconnect，Respect for Ban Gu very much，and a micro -word for Sima Qian。For some people call Sima Qian's "Three Thousand Years of Syria", only 500,000 words are used; Ban Gu Syria the Western Han Dynasty "two hundred years" used the "800,000 words"，Therefore, the saying "better than moving"，Liu Zhi commented on several batches: "The Huang Emperor in" Taishi Gong Book "，Full of Zong Zhou，Although it is stored in the age，Trip of deeds。As for the Warring States Period,，It is considerable。However, bet365 live casino games although the Qian Qianxian described for three thousand years，Details in the meantime，Only Hanxing for more than 70 years。The province is like another，This is the same when it is annoying，Seeking Folding Zhong，No one is suitable。"" The history of the accusations of Sima Qian is not properly detailed。As for Ban Gu，Its "Hanshu" is taking the material "Historical Records"，Delete the "annoying Wu"，If Sima Qian also came to write "Han Book"，"I will say more words and fees，There are more than -class "，So "I am afraid of‘ History ’。Annone can determine its advantages and inferiority? "Obviously，Liu Zhi's several pairs of "Hanshu" disconnection，End of the New Room "(the above is quoted from" Shitong · Miscellaneous ").。

　　The Southern Song Dynasty Zheng Yan respects the history of Tongzhi in "General Preface"，Praise to Sima Qian，and attack Ban Gu again and again。He constantly explained that Sima Qian's "passing" thought of "the change of ancient and modern"，Praise Sima Qian "Since Spring and Autumn"，Only "Historical Records" is good at production "，Criticizing Ban Gu "The purpose of losing the same way，Sima's portal has been declining since then ";，The meaning of the cause of no reciprocating phase，Although there is the sacredness of Zhongni，Do not know the profit or loss。Huitong Road，Lost since then "。He repeatedly rebuked Ban Gu "Broken Han as a book，It is the cause of Zhou Qin.，Ancient and modern interval "(" Tongzhi · General Preface ")。

　　Ma Duanlin in the late Song Dynasty，Also praise the history of the general，Degraded Dimension，Point out: "However, the public account is called good history"，The person who wrote a history later "died hard to be decent."，Discipline is history，No Tongyinyin is still the way。Reader's disease "。By the way, he "Tong Jian" "Tong Jian" "takes more than 300 years of deeds，Seventeen History Books，Extraction is a book，Then scholars open the volume，Ancient and Modern Salty "(" Literature Pass Examination · Self -Preface ") praises。

　　Dispiration of the Bet365 lotto review predecessors' misunderstandings about Zheng Yong and Tongshi，Qing Dynasty Zhang Xuecheng wrote "Shen Zheng"，and imitate "School Tongyi"，With Zhang Da Zhengzheng's learning and its concept of concepts and history of history: "Zheng Yong was born for thousands of years later，Truly that the source of the ancients' writings，Know the author's purpose "，"Remaining the relics for three thousand years，Unconsciously，Gai Chengtong historian style，and self -aimedies，Become a Family also。""

　　drop to modern，The dispute between the history and the interrogation is still endless。Zhang Shunhui attaches importance to the history of the general，Don't pay much attention to the interrogation，He has criticized the current scholars to be unable to get the history，Just break the generation，Can't get the interrogation，Just get the topic。，He in the writing of general history，But unable to work，"History of the People's General of China" written by 70 years old，Failure to reach the realm he expected。On the contrary，He wrote the history，Start from the topic，Step into the interrogation，Writing "The Circuit of the Qing Dynasty", "The Records of the Humanities of the Qing Dynasty", "Gu Tinglin Xue Ji", "Yangzhou Xueji", etc.，But received much attention，I am a clear history of the Qing Dynasty。This is the unexpected by Zhang Shunhui。and Liu Zhiji、Zheng Yan conforms to the trend of the times、Pay attention to the different from generation to history，Zhang Shun Hui is the mainstream pillar that moves against the current，In the context of academic trend attaches importance to the topic and the interrogation，Writing in the history of general history，worthy of sympathy and admiration。

　　Tong History Broken Generation History has a length and shortcomings

　　Actually，Whether it is the history of general，Still the history of the interrogation，Each has its own advantages。Tongshi has a broad and modern vision and Pentium momentum with its history，Show people's long history and the smoothness of vitality，Ban Shi History is based on its cross bet365 live casino games -sectional surface，Show people the meticulous and detailed history of one generation of history; there is a continuous dynamic attribute in history，and the history of the disconnection has a fixed static style。Tong History shows the historical scrolls that run through the millennium，The history of the interrogation focuses on the historical picture of the intercepting one dynasty。advantages of general history，Zhang Xuecheng has fully affirmed from the perspective of compilation，Think of "the cultivation of history，There are six: One is to avoid repeating，Two Species Examples，Three Yue Patch，Four Yue Ping right and wrong，Five Yue to 牴牾，Sixth Detailed neighbors "。At the same time, it is pointed out: "It has two lengths: one said with tailoring，Two Family Law。""，Reflected in writing in a chaoped、Stepping from generation to generation，Then it makes it after the band，Become the mainstream of history，"Three Kingdoms", "Hou Han Book", "Jin Shu", "Song Book" until "History of Ming"，Repair on behalf of it，Form the famous "Twenty -Four History"。

　　，3980_3991。Under the same space，Although the history can penetrate ancient and modern，But forced to ignore the details of each dynasty，It is impossible to portray the micro -historical facts of the dynasties; although the history of the Dragon generation has a focus of the first generation、Detailed analysis of the characteristics of the history of the dynasty，But just talk about things，It is difficult to observe the status of the dynasty from the perspective of the ages，Can't reach "one volume in hand，Read the Eternal Eternal "purpose。Disadvantages about the history of disconnection，Zhang Fu stated in "The Celebrity Theory": "The world is called Sima Qian、Ban Gu Zhizhi's talent，Most of the class as the victory。Yu thinks that Shi Qian's three thousand years of narrative，500,000 words，It is better to move，800,000 words。I am not worse to save the province，It is better to move。"" "，Ban Shi History "Same is the same，Cerexia Ji Fu Ji，One emperor has Bet365 app download a few disciplines;，One person has a number of biography。Astronomical，Everlasts that are not easy to，and the World Work "Astronomy"; the book of the family of "Fan Fan Five Elements"，and the World Preface "Five Elements"。Such such，Is it better to be prosperous? Speaking is different，Then the former king is not listed in the queen king，The funeral is not connected to the past，The county is the area，The source of the revolution;，Sui to become a vulgar government。Such such，Is it better to be broken! "(" Tongzhi · General Preface ") About the disadvantages of history，Zhang Xuecheng, who has always agreed with the history of the history, also acknowledged "There are three disadvantages: one said that there is no short long，The second is still the original question，Third Yue Forgotten Benestery "(" Cultural History and History, Righteousness · Forest ")。

　　Actually，Adapted relationship between the history and the history，The length of the general history is the shortness of the history of the interrogation，The shortness of history is the length of the history of the interrogation。Try to try both，Often difficulty is it possible。"Tongzhi" is an attempt to open up the compilation of more than ten previous disciplines.，Try to integrate the history of the inter -generation into general history，But because there is no more new materials in historical events，There is no sufficient new discovery in terms of view，Therefore, failed to achieve the goal，On the contrary, it is regarded as a system of the code system and belongs to the "three links"，regret of becoming history。

　　Highlighting horizontal interception with vertical penetration

　　Some historical books，It seems to be vertical and eternal，Actually intercepted a dynasty，Playing and prelude with eternal ages，Taking a dynasty as an object。Sima Qian's "Historical Records" is known as the first history of Chinese biography，Famous with ancient and modern，He himself also claims "the change of ancient and modern"，but actually，He wrote "Historical Records" bet365 best casino games intended to pass the eternal shop，Highlight the greatness of the Han Dynasty，The theme of "Xuanhan" reflects "Xuanhan"。For this，Adopt a near -distance method，Several people in the past set a discipline，And the Emperor of the Han Dynasty was one person a person，Finally enlarged and focused on the Han Dynasty，Obviously to display cross -intercept with verticality。

　　Du You's "Tong Dian"，Although it is written from ancient times,，But most of them are writing Tang Dynasty，The previous writing was just paved。This pays attention to Du You ’s emphasis on thick and thin ancient thoughts、Emphasizing the concept of this better than the past。He pointed out "Han、Sui、Datang，Unification at home，Household Nourishing，Three Generations Mo Yan "(" Tongdian · Official Code ")。Therefore，Writing in ancient times to highlight today (Tang Dynasty)。This is also a manifestation of the interception with vertical and highlights。

　　During the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, "Continued Three Links"，This intention is written as a three -character chapter system.，The focus is still the greatness of the Qing Dynasty's code system，But because the Qing Dynasty was written too detailed，Emperor Qianlong simply ordered "ancient and modern divisions"，Divide the "continuing three links" into two，Forms "Six Tong" (that is, "Continuous Code", "Continuation of the Tongzhi", "Renewal of Documents" and "Qingtong Code", "Qingtong Zhi", "Qing Document Test")。"Qing Sanlong" in the Qing Dynasty，Become a three -year -old history，Become an extreme example of the long -term interception。Crozi claims: "All history is contemporary history。"" Earlier than him for many centuries，Sima Qian、Du You、Emperor Qianlong has expressed similar concepts。

　　Of course，History of the Song Dynasty，General History is often broken from the previous dynasty，Ignore contemporary。"Tongzhi" ends in Sui and Tang dynasties，"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" also ended in the five generations，It does not go through (eternal) to highlight the intention bet365 Play online games of cross -intercept (Dang Dao)。Zheng Yizhi's "Tongzhi" is imitating Sima Qian and wants to "collect the book of the world as a book，Dynamics of Extreme and Modern "，But did not know that Sima Qian wrote the mystery of the history of the history。Sima Qian is paved with eternal history，Focus on narrative and highlight the history of the Western Han Dynasty，Highlighting cross -intercept with vertical and longing，It has a strong practical significance。and Zheng Yan stopped in Sui and Tang dynasties，Change when not reached，The principle of "changes in ancient and modern"，reflect the complexity features of traditional Chinese history from one side。

　　(Author Unit: School of History of Wuhan University)

Editor in charge: Changchang