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Thinking of Chinese philosophical research methods

July 03, 2020 00:07 Source: "China Social Sciences", July 3, 2020, No. 1959 Author: Zhang Zihui

　　Once upon a time，Controversy with "whether there is a philosophy in China"，Methodism of Chinese philosophy is also questioned。Actually，Philosophy is the concept of plural，Is the public's public property，Each nation has its own philosophy，China, which has the history of 5,000 years of civilization, has its own philosophy and its methodology.。Today，Chinese philosophy is going to the world，Both content and methodology are facing difficulties and challenges。So，What are the research methods of Chinese philosophy? What are the characteristics of its methodology?

　　Chinese philosophy has a variety of research methods

　　First, text understanding method: "with meaning" and "knowing people's world"。Cultural development and civilization of a nation or country，It is often done by the interpretation of the classic text in the history of the generation。Most of the ancient Chinese philosophical thoughts are in classics，Therefore，The research method of classics in a sense is the research method of philosophy。Mencius uses the "Yi Yi Zhi Zhi" proposed by the study of the Book of Songs.。"Mencius Wanzhang" cloud: "Therefore," Poetry "，Do not resign with literature，Do not resign。Big Chime，Is for it。"" "Do not resign with literature，Do not harm the will "emphasized the need to start from the text，Misunderstanding words and sentences cannot be stubborn，Do not 囿囿，is the correct method for reading and understanding works。"Knowing the World" from "Mencius Wanzhang"，"Poem，Read its book，I wonder? It is to talk about its world "。It means that readers must experience the author when studying the text、The background of the times has enough understanding。"Knowing the World" and "Big Big Shin" and use，An important method of becoming an ancient text understanding and research。

　　The second is the directional interpretation method: "I note the Six Classics" and "Six Classics Inject Me"。"I Note the Six Classics" and "Six Classics" as two research orientation，The former is equivalent to objective、History、Direction of text，It is an objective pure academic research orientation; the latter is equivalent to subjective、Reality、Self -expression orientation，It is the ideological construction orientation that highlights the subjectiveness。These two orientations do not have a high point in academic value。If the "Sinology", which is mainly based on the evidence, is near "I Note Six Classics"，So the "Song Xue", which is mainly interpreted by righteousness, is almost "Six Classics"。

　　Third is the interpretation method of Geyi: "Traditional Geyi" and "reverse grid"。"Geyi" is to understand through comparison and analogy、The concept of interpretation of cross -cultural background or scope to carry out academic research methods，The earliest use of Confucianism、Taoist thought to explain the product of Buddhism teachings。Since modern times，With the western learning east，"Geyi" as a comparative cultural research method has attracted the attention and attention of the academic world。Feng Youlan thinks，"Geyi" is "an inevitable process that two cultures understand each other when they first encounter"。"grid" has the meaning of "comparison" or "measure"，The purpose is to obtain consistent classification; "righteousness" refers to the concept、category or proposition。As far as philosophy is concerned，Traditional Geyi is to interpret the category and ideological system of Western philosophy with the concept of Chinese philosophy and ideological system，Inverse grid righteousness reverse。From Hu Shi、Feng Youlan started，Reverse grid meaning gradually becomes the mainstream method of Chinese philosophical research。

　　Digging the characteristics of Chinese philosophy research methods

　　The research method of Chinese philosophy is determined by the Chinese nation's thinking method Bet365 lotto review and the content of Chinese philosophy。Chinese philosophy as a "spiritual practice" lifestyle，Is an emotional philosophy，Emphasizing the existence of people is knowing、Love、Unity of meaning; it is a practical philosophy，Pay attention to cultivating Qi Zhi Ping rather than knowledge system; it is a kind of philosophy of life，The starting point of thinking and the proposition of attention is "life" rather than "existence"。Based on this，Its research method focuses on emotional understanding、Experience and imagination。Methods and content based on Chinese philosophy，The research method has the following significant qualities。

　　First, based on experience as the prerequisite for schooling。The philosophical concept of ancient China originated from the observation of the life world and the extraction of life experience。The ancients passed "looking up in astronomy，Looking down at geography，Take the body near，Far Extraction "experience accumulation，"Litian Road Yin and Yang，Turkish Tao Yue Rou and Gang，Liren Taoism and Righteousness "，To realize the "view of astronomy to change when it is inspected，Observation of humanities into the world into the world。The philosophical thought in Zhouyi is through the sky、Di、Mountain、Ze、Wind、Lei、Fire、Water (Gossip) and other natural phenomena observations，and Mongolia, Litigation, Master, Qian, Yi, Kan, Xun, Family, Sleeping (Sixty -four Gua) and other life experiences formed，Based on this, the conclusion of the "one yin and one yang" is condensed，Completed the transition from experience to philosophy。Another，Ancient Chinese classic text often lacks a clear or pure conceptual discussion，Many conceptual content is inlaid in the specific life map; leave related survival fields、experience background、discourse structure and expression，The concepts and problems will become "righteous"。

　　The second is the path of "Tao" with realization。In Confucianism，"Enlightenment" is the purpose of learning，bet365 best casino games "body" and "enlightenment" is a cognitive method with emotional commonality。Zhu Xi's release "body" is "Set in the place with the place to detect its heart"，There is "consideration、Appreciate、Sports "meaning。At the same time，"Body" and "Performance" culinary，Meaning to experience and lead the gods of the heart。As Er Cheng said，The word "Tianli" is "thoughtful"。If "body" is through sensory perceptual experience、A cognitive and practical method of emotional experience and rational consciousness，So "enlightenment" is a unique way of thinking，Beginning with moral emotions，Moral reason，Raiders moral action。"Heaven and Man" thought as an important proposition of Chinese philosophy，is the crystallization of the ancients' "realization"。

　　Third is the motivation to create thinking with imagination。Imagination is the ability to create a new image through imagination on the basis of existing image。Based on rich perceptual experience，It will have fresh activity、Specialty、The perceptual intuitive materials of the direct nature are taken under the concept of rational，Communication sensuality and intellectual，Emotional Capability。The Chinese nation is an imaginative nation，Whether it is the "son -in -law supplementing the sky" in ancient myths, "Essence Foundation", "Houyi Shooting Day"，Or "Tai Chi", "Yin Yang" and "Four Yi" in "Zhou Yi"，All the results of imagination。Fuxi、Wang Wang、Zhou Gong and other ancient sages through extraordinary imagination，Exccurs the wonderful pictures from gossip to sixty -four hexagrams，Summarize the natural and life of nature and life，Lile the cornerstone of Chinese philosophy。Although philosophical research requires rational thinking and logical reasoning，But it is inseparable from rich imagination; if you lack imagination，It is impossible to achieve jumping from experience to concepts。

　　Explore how to "do Chinese philosophy"

　　Chinese philosophy is "a philosophical research that presents Chinese cultural experience or Bet365 lotto review spirit"。Different from the spirit of "sorting" the classic spirit of the history of Chinese philosophy，Chinese philosophy focuses on the value of the classic spirit of "revealing" and "persuades" the world to accept these values。"Doing Chinese Philosophy" is to use scientific methods to complete the difficult "reveal" and "persuasion" work。

　　First is to get out of the limitations of Geyi's interpretation method，Express the essence of Chinese philosophy。In the collision and communication of different cultures，"Geyi" in philosophical research is necessary，But only "Geyi" is not enough。Due to social background、Thinking habits、Saying methods, etc.，Abstract concepts in different philosophy are difficult to find completely matched ingredients in each other's culture，Such as the concept in Western philosophy、Logos、Nuste、Existing and Chinese philosophy、sex、Life、Li, etc. cannot find the appropriate corresponding concept in the other party's culture。This makes the "Geyi" between Chinese and Western philosophy often encounters the dilemma of the round and square。"Geyi" must abstain from "forced interpretation"，Do "say"，Using scientific interpretation methods，Expenses the essence of Chinese philosophy with the language that Chinese people can understand。

　　Second, combine Chinese and Western research methods，Expand the new direction of Chinese philosophy research with the "overall view of the culture" with culture。Under the background of the mutual learning of civilization，"Doing Chinese Philosophy" requires a global vision and a variety of means。Method Construction of Contemporary Chinese Philosophy，It should be like Liang Qichao said: "One is that it is new and new;。"The future development of Chinese philosophy，It should be combined with Chinese and Western research methods，While paying attention to reasonable blending，Strengthen rational thinking and logic demonstration。In the exchange and mutual learning of Chinese and Western philosophy，Improve the interpretation and innovation ability of Chinese philosophy。

　　Third is to give full play to Chinese traditional philosophy to pay attention to realization、Advantages of imagination and experience，Make the characteristics of Chinese philosophy。Studying Chinese philosophy cannot simply apply Western mode，Can't take Western standards as Gui。The formal school with the existence theory is the central question of Western philosophy，Although there are similar ideas or ideas in Chinese thought traditions，But there is no theory of existence in the Western sense。Therefore，Studying Chinese philosophy should not take Western -style schooling as the premise，Instead, Chinese traditional philosophy should pay attention to realization、Advantages of imagination and experience，Efforts to understand the meaning of life or life from different angles。The classic picture of philosophy is metaphysical，This is the "thought kite" released by a philosopher，and "metaphysical school" Xuan'ao kite should be human "life world"。Can't deny，Philosophy and another picture，Not looking up at the starry sky、Kite who appreciates thoughts，Instead, it is down -to -earth in the "Life World"、Through the experience of realization and insight in the experience of the universe and the meaning of life。Western philosophy and Chinese philosophy correspond to the two pictures and scenes above。Some people think，Philosophy is abstract learning，Rich imagination will eliminate people's abstract thinking。Actually，Abstract ability and imagination are not conflicting，Tai Chi in Chinese philosophy、Tao、The abstract philosophical concepts and propositions of heaven and man are the products of imagination。Current，The experience faced by "doing Chinese philosophy" is both the experience of the ancients，Also with modern life experience，If the connection between the two is cut off and passed on，"Doing Chinese Philosophy" will become the "Air Tower Pavilion"。

　　Today，Chinese philosophy needs to think about the various fundamental problems facing human beings in Bet365 lotto review their own way，Put forward a modern interpretation of humans and the world。Chinese philosophy can only achieve breakthroughs and innovation in research methods，Only by asking human beings and the time of the times to put forward their own insights，Only as Chinese philosophy can really "present" in world philosophy。

　　(This article is the "Research on the Research on the Chinese National Cultural Gene in the pre -Qin Yuan Code" (15BZS034) phased results)

　　(The author is the director and professor of the Department of Philosophy of Shanghai Normal University)

Editor in charge: Changchang