After the Opium War，China began to understand the history of the ancient world。Generally speaking，Before the founding of New China，China's understanding of the ancient world is quite limited。As a discipline，The world's ancient history is closely linked with the development of New China。More than 70 years since the founding of New China，Especially for more than 40 years of reform and opening up，World Ancient History Research has achieved fruitful results。

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Ancient China has always been the center of East Asian civilization，Books in the past are recorded in the surrounding areas，It is already a certain degree of world history。After the Opium War，The Chinese start to look at the world when they open their eyes，Knowing the history of ancient civilizations one after another。By the beginning of the 20th century，Egyptian learning、Assyrian School、Classical studies, etc., have been introduced into China one after another。After the May 4th Movement，China's understanding of Western history and world history gradually deepen，Chen Hengzhe、Lei Haizong、Yan Zonglin, etc., all set up western history and world -general history courses at the university。For the spread of ancient historical knowledge of the world for the society，Their teaching undoubtedly played a positive role。

In the early 20th century，Translator's spread of ancient historical knowledge of the world also played an important role，The translated works have both the literature of the ancient world，There are also writers from modern scholars。Engels "Home、The Origin of Private Bet365 app download and State "has aroused widespread attention in politics and academia，and have a huge impact on Guo Moruo's ancient Chinese history research。Liang Shuming is discussing the fate of Chinese culture，Directly used French scholar Gu Langshi's views and information on Greece and Roman history。

On the basis of organizing literature and introduction of foreign results，Scholars in the early 20th century began to discuss theoretical problems of ancient history。Li Dazhao is one of the founders of the Communist Party of China，It is also the theorist who spread Marxism earlier in China。According to the historical materialism theory of Marxism，Elaborate the development and evolution of human history including ancient history。Xia Yan takes Egyptian beads as the title，I wrote a doctoral dissertation with quite high academic value。Chen Hengzhe's "Western History" introduced ancient Egypt、West Asia、History and culture of Greece and Rome，She defines history as "the biography of human beings"，The center is "How can we humans be able to eat raw meat biological animals，Become a person representing modern civilization "。Yan Zonglin’s "The Essentials of European Cultural History" is to ancient Egypt、West Asia、The characteristics of Greek and Roman culture are vivid and exquisite discussion。Cao Shao's "Ancient Western History" starts from prehistoric，Stop in the collapse of the Roman Empire。Zhou Gucheng's "History of the World" is to break the "European Center theory"，Give the ancient Egyptian and Western Asian civilization for a considerable position。

but but，Before 1949，China's understanding of the ancient world is quite limited。Ancient original literature and the special works of modern scholars，Those who are translated into Chinese can only be a few。Most scholars do not know the ancient bet365 best casino games text，Mainly teaching and research based on the writings of modern western scholars。World History Teaching has not become a conventional，Many universities do not have world history teaching seats。

　　Create a good start

Establishment of New China，The starting point of the study of ancient history of the world in China。In the departmental adjustment，Many comprehensive universities and teachers' universities have created the history department，Course settings are fully imitated in the Soviet Union。The advantage of the Soviet system is，World General History as a professional compulsory course occupies half of the history in history，Ancient history of the world becomes a compulsory course for historical majors。West Asia, which has not been noticed in the past、Ancient history of Egypt and India，There is a place in the history of the world。

To build an ancient historical system of the Marxist world in China，Scholars have carried out information and team building in ancient history。The first is translated classical works，Former history、Philosophy's、Literary works，All are being translated。Lin Zhichun (Pseudin Name "Nikko") "Selection of the History of the World" (ancient part) edited by the editor -in -chief of the world history of ancient world history。The "Foreign History Name Selection" series hosted by Wu Yuyu，It also includes the writing of classical writers and some modern scholars。

On the basis of translation information，Scholars also actively explore some specific issues。Monday Liang and Wu Yuzhang's "History of the World", Volume 1, generally established the framework of ancient history textbooks in China，A tree for the scholars to explain the banner of ancient history with historical materialism。Lei Haizong's "Lecture in the World in the World" according to Marxist Material History，Use rich bet365 live casino games materials，systematically explained the ancient history of the world。Wu Yu's "Ancient Greece and Rome" system describes the history of classical world，Have a certain theoretical depth，The focus is on society、Political and Economic Development，Also summary about culture。

Early in the founding of New China，The most interested in scholars are slavery and oriental autocraticism，Both are related to the nature of the ancient society and national form。Scholars generally think，Ancient Oriental Civilization was born in the Great River Basin，Enter the civilized society earlier，but also caused the East to be based on the rural commune，Formation of autocracy or military power countries。Slavery is limited by the clan system and the residual restrictions of the rural commune，rarely exceeds the category of family slavery。Lin Zhichun explicitly pointed out，In ancient Eastern Society，Parent -making slavery occupies a dominant position，No product production，Politically manifested as autocracy。During the developed slavery stage，The purpose of production is product production，Politically implement slavery democratic politics。He also thinks，Ancient East is not always autocracy，At least Sumerian Presbyterian Conference and Public Conference，The emergence of autocratic politics is the result of slavery development。

1949-1966，Chinese ancient historians are cultivating talents、Accumulated information and other aspects of effective work，Created a good start for the world's ancient history。

　　Get the fruitful results

Since the reform and opening up，Research on Ancient History of World in China has ushered in spring。In terms of talent construction，The History Department of each university is generally equipped with related teaching and scientific researchers。bet365 live casino games Northeast Normal University has formed the first special research institution in China -the Institute of World Classical Civilization History，And with other universities，Recruiting graduate students in ancient history in the world。Some schools also send people to go abroad for study，Forms a relatively stable research team。

The primary work of the scholars is still data construction。On the one hand，Vigorous purchase of foreign language information，Many universities have now formed a complete series。On the other hand，Ancient literature and modern writings are constantly translated into Chinese publishing。Except for primitive society，From India to Rome，Each major ancient civilization has a special literature compiled by scholars。Research writings of modern scholars have been translated into Chinese more。Since the 21st century，There are more than 10 kinds of translations almost every year。Where，The translation and publishing of "Cambridge Ancient History"，Can be described as the most huge project。

On the study of some major issues，It also made great progress，and formed a number of hotspots。In the last 20 years of the 20th century，Scholars have argued on the problem of urban states and slavery。Lin Zhichun and others think，The city -state was the initial form of the country directly generated from the primitive society in ancient times，The Empire and the authoritarian system are mainly the product of the city -state tile。According to the historical materials of the pre -Qin China，Efforts to prove that the pre -Qin China also has many city -state countries，Democratic politics。Gu Zhun, etc., point out，The essence of the city -state is sovereignty in the people，Such a country is just the Greek world in the classical era、Some appeared in the Roman Republic。

The ancient society is bet365 best casino games closely related to the city -state。Scholars who insist on slave socialism think，Although the number of slaves cannot reach the majority of producers in any society，But as long as the slaves are in the dominant position，Then the society can still be called a slave society。Those who deny that slave society must be scriptures，slavery can only occupy the dominant position in production in specific areas and periods of specific periods，Generally speaking，Ancient society still belongs to a broad feudal society。

Affirmation of horizontal connection between history outside the vertical development，The "Nomadic World and Farming World in World History" of Wu Yuzheng。He thinks，The coexistence of the farming world and nomadic world constitutes the basic characteristics of the ancient world history，The contradiction movement of the two is an important way for ancient civilization to interact; the result of each nomadic world of impact on the farming world，It is the further shrinking of the nomadic world and the expansion of the farming world。

Since the reform and opening up，The important feature of the study of ancient history in the world is based on first -hand historical materials，Drawing on new theories and methods，In -depth exploration and research on some important issues。Limited space，Difficult enumeration。

Unremitting efforts by generations of scholars，Research on ancient history of the world has achieved remarkable achievements。For example，Established a relatively stable research team; the construction of data is becoming increasingly systematic; the research quality of scholars continues to improve，Many young and young scholars have the ability to read and study ancient literature; new research results information is solid、Method science、Diverse views; great expansion in the research field，Social History、Women's History、Bet365 app download National recognition, etc., have attracted the attention of varying degrees。In this field of research that is traditionally monopolized by European and American scholars，Chinese scholars start to make their own voice。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of History of the Capital Normal University、A special professor of "Changjiang Scholars" of the Ministry of Education、President of the Ancient Medieval History Research Association of China)