After the Opium War，China begins to understand the bet365 new user promo of the ancient world。Overall，Before the founding of New China，China’s understanding of the ancient world is quite limited。As a subject，The ancient bet365 new user promo of the world is closely linked to the development of New China。Over 70 years since the founding of New China，Especially over the past 40 years of reform and opening up，The research on ancient world bet365 new user promo has achieved fruitful results。

　　Start to understand the ancient world

Ancient China has always been the center of East Asian civilization，The surrounding areas are recorded in classics of all dynasties，Already a certain level of world bet365 new user promo。After the Opium War，Chinese people are beginning to open their eyes to the world，Continuously learn about the bet365 new user promo of ancient civilizations。To the beginning of the 20th century，Egyptology、Assyriology、Classics and other studies were gradually introduced into China。After the May 4th Movement，China’s understanding of Western bet365 new user promo and world bet365 new user promo is gradually deepening，Chen Hengzhe、Lei Haizong、Yan Zonglin and others have offered courses on Western bet365 new user promo and world bet365 new user promo in universities。For disseminating knowledge of ancient world bet365 new user promo to society，Their teaching undoubtedly played a positive role。

Early 20th century，Translators also played an important role in the dissemination of knowledge about ancient world bet365 new user promo，The translated works include documents from the ancient world，There are also writings by modern scholars。Engels "Family"、The Origin of Private Ownership and the State" has attracted widespread attention in political and academic circles，And had a huge impact on Guo Moruo’s research on ancient Chinese bet365 new user promo。Liang Shuming when discussing the fate of Chinese culture，Directly uses French scholar Courance’s views and information on Greek and Roman bet365 new user promo。

On the basis of sorting out literature and introducing foreign achievements，Scholars in the early 20th century began to discuss theoretical issues in ancient bet365 new user promo。Li Dazhao is one of the founders of the Communist Party of China，He was also an early theorist who spread Marxism in China。His historical materialism based on Marxism，Elaborates on the development and evolution of human bet365 new user promo including ancient bet365 new user promo。Xia Nai took Egyptian beads as his theme，Written a doctoral thesis of considerable academic value。Chen Hengzhe’s "bet365 new user promo of the West" introduces ancient Egypt、West Asia、bet365 new user promo and Culture of Greece and Rome，She defines bet365 new user promo as "the biography of all mankind"，The center is "How can we humans survive from a bipedal animal that eats raw meat，Become a person who represents modern civilization”。Yan Zonglin’s "Essentials of European Cultural bet365 new user promo" on ancient Egypt、West Asia、The characteristics of Greek and Roman culture are vividly and insightfully discussed。Cao Shaolian's "Ancient Western bet365 new user promo" begins in prehistory，Until the collapse of the Roman Empire。Zhou Gucheng's "General bet365 new user promo of the World" openly stated that he wanted to break the "Eurocentrism"，Give ancient Egypt and West Asian civilization a very important position。

However，Before 1949，China’s understanding of the ancient world is quite limited。Original documents from ancient times and thematic works of modern scholars，Very few people have been translated into Chinese。Most scholars are not familiar with ancient texts，Teaching and research mainly based on the writings of modern Western scholars。World bet365 new user promo teaching fails to become routine，Many universities do not offer world bet365 new user promo chairs。

　　Create a good start

The founding of New China，is the starting point for the study of ancient Chinese world bet365 new user promo。Under adjustment of departments，Many comprehensive universities and normal universities have established bet365 new user promo departments，The curriculum is fully imitated by the Soviet Union。The advantage of the Soviet system is，As a required course for majors, general world bet365 new user promo occupies half of bet365 new user promo majors，World ancient bet365 new user promo has become a required course for bet365 new user promo majors。West Asia, which was not much noticed in the past、Ancient bet365 new user promo of Egypt and India，Occupying a place in the general bet365 new user promo of the world。

To build China’s Marxist world ancient bet365 new user promo system，Scholars have carried out data and team building work on ancient bet365 new user promo。The first is to translate classical works，The extraordinary bet365 new user promo、Philosophical、Literary works，All are being translated。The "Selected World General bet365 new user promo Materials" (ancient part) edited by Lin Zhichun (pen name "Rizhi") compiles the basic documents of ancient world bet365 new user promo。"Selected Foreign Historiography" series hosted by Wu Yuxi，Also includes works by classical writers and some modern scholars。

Based on the translated information，Scholars are also actively discussing some specific issues。Volume 1 of "General bet365 new user promo of the World" edited by Zhou Liang and Wu Yuji basically established the framework of the ancient Chinese world bet365 new user promo textbook，Set up a banner for scholars to use historical materialism to interpret ancient bet365 new user promo。Lei Haizong's "Lecture Notes on Ancient World bet365 new user promo" is based on Marxist historical materialism，Use rich materials，A systematic explanation of the ancient bet365 new user promo of the world。Wu Yuxi's "Ancient Greece and Rome" systematically narrates the bet365 new user promo of the classical world，Have a certain theoretical depth，The focus is on society、Political and Economic Development，Also briefly discusses culture。

The early days of the founding of New China，The issues of most interest to scholars are slavery and Eastern despotism，Both are related to the nature of ancient society and the form of the country。Scholars generally believe that，Ancient Eastern civilization originated in large river basins，Enter civilized society earlier，But it also caused the East to be based on rural communes，Form an autocratic rule or a military power state。Slavery is due to the remaining restrictions of the clan system and rural communes，Rarely beyond domestic slavery。Lin Zhichun pointed out clearly，In ancient Eastern society，Patriarchal slavery dominates，No commodity production，Politically manifested as autocratic rule。In the stage of developed slavery，The purpose of production is to produce goods，Political implementation of slavery and democracy。He also thinks，The ancient East was not always authoritarian，At least the Sumerian countries had councils of elders and public meetings，The emergence of autocracy is the result of the development of slavery。

1949-1966，China’s ancient historians are cultivating talents、Have done fruitful work in accumulating information，Created a good start for the ancient bet365 new user promo of the world。

　　Achieve fruitful results

Since the reform and opening up，China’s research on ancient world bet365 new user promo ushered in spring。On talent construction，The bet365 new user promo departments of various universities are generally equipped with relevant teaching and research personnel。Northeast Normal University established the first specialized research institution in China - the Institute of World Classical Civilization bet365 new user promo，And together with other universities，Recruiting graduate students majoring in ancient world bet365 new user promo。Some schools also send people to study abroad，Formed a relatively stable research team。

The primary task of scholars is still data construction。On the one hand，Vigorously purchase foreign language materials，The information of many universities has now initially formed a complete series。On the other hand，Ancient documents and modern writings are constantly being translated into Chinese and published。Except primitive society，From India to Rome，Each major ancient civilization has its own monograph compiled by scholars。More research works by modern scholars have been translated into Chinese。Since entering the 21st century，More than 10 translations are published almost every year。Among them，Translation and publication of "Cambridge Ancient bet365 new user promo"，It can be said to be the most massive project。

On the research of some major issues，Great progress has also been made，And formed several hot spots。The last 20 years of the 20th century，Scholars debate city-states and slavery。Lin Zhichun and others think，City-state is the initial form of all countries that emerged directly from primitive society in ancient times，Empires and autocracy are mainly products of the disintegration of city-states。He is based on historical data from pre-Qin China，Strive to prove that pre-Qin China also had many city-states，And implement democratic politics。Gu Zhun and others pointed out，The essence of a city-state is that sovereignty lies with the people，Such a country was only in the Greek world in the classical era、Some of them appeared in the Roman Republic。

Closely related to the city-state is the nature of ancient society。Scholars who adhere to the theory of slave society believe that，Although the number of slaves cannot reach the majority of producers in any society，But as long as slavery reigns supreme，Then this society can still be called a slave society。Those who deny the necessity of slave society point out，Slavery only took a dominant role in production in specific regions and specific periods in ancient times，Overall，Ancient society was still a feudal society in a broad sense。

Affirmation of the role of bet365 new user promo in horizontal connections in addition to vertical development，Beginning with "The Nomadic World and the Agricultural World in World bet365 new user promo" by Wu Yuxi。He thinks，The coexistence of the agricultural world and the nomadic world constitutes the basic feature of ancient world bet365 new user promo，The contradictory movement between the two is an important way of communication between ancient civilizations；The result of each impact of the nomadic world on the farming world，It is precisely the further shrinkage of the nomadic world and the expansion of the agricultural world。

Since the reform and opening up，The important feature of the study of ancient world bet365 new user promo is based on first-hand historical materials，Learn from new theories and methods，In-depth exploration and research on some important issues。Limited by space，Difficult to enumerate。

After the unremitting efforts of several generations of scholars，Research on world ancient bet365 new user promo has made remarkable achievements。For example，Established a relatively stable research team；Data construction is becoming increasingly systematic；The research quality of scholars continues to improve，Many young and middle-aged scholars have the ability to read and study ancient documents；New research results and solid information、Method Science、Diverse viewpoints；The research field has been greatly expanded，Social bet365 new user promo、Women’s bet365 new user promo、National identity and so on have received varying degrees of attention。In this research field traditionally monopolized by European and American scholars，Chinese scholars are beginning to make their voices heard。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of bet365 new user promo, Capital Normal University、Ministry of Education’s “Changjiang Scholar” Distinguished Professor、President of the Chinese World Ancient Medieval bet365 new user promo Research Association)