From the perspective of information technology,“bet with bet365” is a concept often juxtaposed with “literacy”。The history of human beings who can speak,It is the history of the occurrence and evolution of bet with bet365。Literature is the art of language,So bet with bet365 and literature are closely related。Roughly speaking,Literature includes the two parts of folk oral literature that has a long history and continues to this day, and humanities written literature that emerged after the development of writing technology。In Eastern and Western cultural traditions,bet with bet365 has long been at the center of civilization。China's first poetry collection "The Book of Songs",Considered to be the greatest source of Chinese literature。
bet with bet365 has a long history of use as a medium,But its history as a modern academic object is very short。Some scholars believe,The study of bet with bet365 began with the collection and research of folk songs by the Brothers Grimm and Herder。Subsequently,Field work in cultural anthropology,Such as Radloff’s survey and collection results in Central Asia,To further deepen the academic community’s understanding of bet with bet365。Research on Yugoslav folk poetry by Parry and Lord, the founders of Oral Formulaic Theory or Parry-Lord Theory,And the subsequent discussion about “orality” and “literacy” in European and American circles,Growing bet with bet365 as an academic category into shape。"bet with bet365" was first published in the United States in 1986,Marks the official emergence of the new humanities academic field of "bet with bet365"。
China has a long history of paying attention to the phenomenon of folk bet with bet365。Starting with the Book of Songs,The Han Dynasty Yuefu behind、Ming Dynasty folk songs、"Cantonese Style" of the Qing Dynasty, etc.,They are all outstanding phenomena or events in the history of literature。Until the beginning of the "Vernacular Movement" and the "Song Movement" around the May 4th Movement,Folk poetic wisdom has once again attracted the attention of academia。As for the efforts to establish a clear disciplinary awareness and methodology,It began to take shape after dialogue and exchanges with the international academic community in the 1990s。
Using data to speak can better understand the development trend and context of "bet with bet365" in Chinese academic circles。Search "CNKI" database,Search using "bet with bet365" "bet with bet365" "oral traditions" as keywords,It can be found that the development of bet with bet365 research is consistent with the experience and promotion of a new knowledge point after it is introduced、Growth、The development process of localization。
1 academic paper from 1987,82 articles by 2019,Experienced from less to more、The development process from point to surface。After long preparation, UNESCO issued the "Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage" in 2003。At first,To emphasize the importance of bet with bet365,Called “oral and intangible heritage of humanity”。Although it was later unified as "intangible cultural heritage" (intangible cultural heritage,ICH),Removed word "oral",But the dominance of bet with bet365 has not been reduced,Still ranked as the first category among the five major categories of intangible cultural heritage,At the same time, it governs and carries the other four major categories of intangible cultural heritage,Become an irreplaceable core element。
In Advancing Scholarship on bet with bet365,There are several aspects of results that need to be classified and considered。
If we distinguish between academic output and promotional introduction text,Dissertations with the theme of bet with bet365 only began to appear in 2003,Newspaper articles and conference papers basically began to appear at the same time,Reflects the response of academic activities to the new situation,And the news media’s timely reflection of important events and new things。From an overall perspective,Journal articles in the advancement of bet with bet365 research,Always occupy an important position。From the distribution of journal sources,714 articles published in 329 journals,Instructions cover many disciplines and fields。
In terms of subject distribution,It can be seen that the impact of bet with bet365 on different disciplines is different。Distribution by subject,Chinese Literature、World Literature、Culture、Music and dance、Literary theory and other disciplines,Ranked among the top five in various disciplines,And it accounts for more than 60% of the share。If we consider Chinese literature、World literature and literary theory are merged into literary disciplines,Literary disciplines account for almost half of the country。The distribution situation of this discipline is roughly the same as that abroad。In Western Europe and North America,Although bet with bet365 is related to many disciplines,But the supporting discipline is still the literary discipline in a broad sense。
The above is about bet with bet365 as an academic field in the humanities,Partial development after entering China。The following will be a brief outline from the content perspective。
These articles on CNKI,Roughly speaking,Contains several parts。
The first part is an introductory text about bet with bet365 as an academic field,Yichao Gejin、Liu Zongdi、Yin Hubin、Bamoqubuman’s four articles including "A Discussion on Oral·Intangible·Intangible Heritage" published in "Dushu" in 2003 are the most representative。Other newspaper articles in popularizing the connotation and characteristics of bet with bet365,also played a big role。
The second part is the translation results。New concept、Introduction of new methods and new areas of discussion,Usually starting from the translation。The pioneer of the trend is "Bells and Drums: Formulas and Creation Methods in the Book of Songs" (Wang Jingxian),Translated by Xie Qian,1990)。"Ethnic Literature Research" published a supplement "bet with bet365 Album" in 2000,Invite John Free to be the guest editor of this supplement,Selected the most influential papers and book chapters in the study of North American bet with bet365,Chinese translation published,This supplement has had considerable impact。Translations began to appear around the same time,The most influential is "Oral Poetics: The Parry-Lord Theory" (by John Free,Chao Gejin translation,2000)、The Story Singer (by Albert Lord,Translated by Yin Hubin,2004)、"Homer's Problems" (by Gregory Nagy,Bamoqubumo translation,2008)、"Spoken Culture and Written Culture: The Technology of Words" (Walter Ong,Translated by He Daokuan,2008) and other publications。These translation results reflect the bet with bet365 in depth,Provides a model of profound academic thinking,Has a great influence in Chinese academic circles。
The third part is about the local practice and promotion of bet with bet365。bet with bet365 enters China as a new concept,Have spawned many academic growth points。For example,Promoted the deepening of understanding of the main characteristics of folk literature,Even triggered a paradigm shift。Triggered a paradigm shift in the study of oral epics and influenced the study of other folk genres,There is "Oral Epic Poetics: A Study on the Formulaic Syntax of Ran Pill's "Jiang Geer"" (Chao Gejin),2000)、"Ancient Classics and bet with bet365" (Yin Hubin,2002),And Bamoqubumo、Several widely cited and referenced papers by Liu Zongdi and others。bet with bet365 as Method,Gradually singing songs、Quyi、Folk Art、National music、Chinese Classical Literature、Poetic theory and many other fields,Especially in the study of ethnic literature,Especially the research on the art of vocabulary of various ethnic minorities,Become a trendsetter。Folk opera、Northwestern Flower、Northern Shaanxi Storytelling、Miao ancient songs、Baiqu of Bai ethnic group、Suzhou Pingtan、Xintianyou、Nüshu、Baojuan, etc.,All have been reinterpreted and reinterpreted by scholars using bet with bet365 methods。bet with bet365 and Dance、Painting、Music and other art forms are born together,Art that often combines to form composite forms。Yu is,bet with bet365 methods expand in applicability。
Chinese scholars under the illumination of bet with bet365,Based on the extremely rich and diverse oral traditional materials of various ethnic groups in China,Promotes and enriches its theoretical system。First of all, it has achieved rare results in the construction of data science。In Texting Procedures (Scientific Recording and Transcription)、Database construction (digital storage)、Determination of database standards (development of metadata standards)、High standard sample sampling ("Chinese Epic Hundred Project") and other links,All have achieved world-leading levels。The second is the theoretical refinement: a summary of the “formatting” of performance texts and the “five presences” elements of field research、About the establishment of the "field re-certification" working model、Summary of “multi-level program imagery”、Identification of “writing inheritor”、Experiment of performance activity "Reverse Growth"、Description of oral and written interactions, etc.,All can be regarded as the contribution of Chinese scholars to bet with bet365。
It should be said,The development of bet with bet365 in China,It is in sync with international developments。Since the advent of verbal program theory,Its influence has radiated to nearly 200 language traditions。In today’s international academic context,Focus on literature but not on bet with bet365,It is pedantic and out of touch with the progress of the times。
(The author is a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Director of the Department of bet with bet365 and Philosophy,Director of the Institute of National bet with bet365)
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