The Kingdom of Central Asia, founded by the ancient Greek immigrants (ancient known as "Da Xia")，After Zhang Jiantong's Western Regions, a close political and economic connection with the Central Plains dynasty，and spread the Buddhist scriptures as the medium，To a certain extent, the integration of the concept of Chinese civilization and Indo -European civilization, ritual and law。Chinese translation of the Chinese classic "The Sin Bhikkhu" (Chinese translated "Milan Tuo King") is the center，The integration of the concept of ritual and law in Central Asia and South Asia and early China can be slightly inspected。

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"Nahaqiu Sutra" formed in India -Greek Kingdom in the 2nd century BC，bet365 best casino games the characteristics of both Indian philosophy and Greek philosophy。This Jing is India -King Menander，That is Manande) The dialogue recorded by a Buddhist monk's first bhikkhus，It is of great significance for understanding the communication between India -Europe Civilization and Chinese civilization represented by Greek thought。In the Chinese translation，At the same time, it reflects the thinking characteristics of Buddhism and Greek culture at that time，Especially in the method of understanding, more reflecting more ancient Greek naturalist philosophy，For example, the analysis of the relationship between the "existence" and the "existener"。At the same time, the "Nandang Bhikkhu" after the Chinese translation of Chinese also creatively integrates the characteristics of Chinese Confucian culture such as "filial piety"，The conflict between the concepts of philosophy and culture in Buddhism culture in Buddhism culture and the concept of Chinese etiquette and law，More convenient for all levels of society to accept the Buddhist theoretical system。

　　"Naqiu Sutra" contains ancient Greek philosophy wisdom 

The problem raised by King Milan Tuo in the "San Biqiu Sutra" is mainly based on the three types of philosophical theory of ancient Greece: (1) Division of the two worlds。The problem of King Milan Tuo is roughly divided into two categories: one is the problem of the material world and the experience world，The second is the problem of the spiritual world and the world，The actualness and relationship between these two worlds have always been the core of the Milan Toro problem。and the most important philosophical theory of Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, is the division of the two areas of the rational world and the world.。(2) Form logic method of debate。King Milan Tuo consciously applies the laws of formal logic into the argument，More importantly, his application of the interpretation method。Many of the judgments of King Milan Tuo are not specially interrupted，Instead, contact the experience under the premise of reasoning，Step by step for the camp derivation results。(3) The concept of the soul。The relationship between soul and body is in an important position in the thought of ancient Greek philosophers。Ru Plato thinks，The soul is an independent entity，Can be independent of the flesh，Leave the body，The soul is an immortal thing imprisoned by the body; Aristotle believes，bet365 best casino games The soul is not the body，It exists without getting away from the body。These differences are manifested in the King of Milan Tuo as the soul of his soul that has been separated from the flesh、Whether the soul can still perceive after the flesh is decaying，and ask the reincarnation of Buddhism to ask questions，That is, "Buddhism does not acknowledge where the soul is reincarnation"。

Then there are two typical Greek factors in the demonstration method: one of the Platonic Questioning。The second is the repeated search for the formula (Form)。If on the question of "Zhi"，The answer of the Xian Pichu is very similar to the proposition of "virtue is knowledge" and "virtue is good" in the Socurt "Mino" in Plato.。Then the wisdom of the first bhikkhu considers human wisdom is mainly to cut off doubts，Park all kinds of good things，and the dark room bright lamp、Blade Blade Cutting Metaphor Wisdom。He said that wisdom is like a light to enter the dark room，Can bring light to darkness，People have wisdom like a dark room with a bright light。Wisdom is like a person with a sharp blade intercepting wood，People can cut off the evil with wisdom。visible，Rather than the superb Buddhist wisdom of Xianbiqiu, the monarch of the Milan Toro，It is better to say that the answer from the Xianbiqiu inherited the philosophy of ancient Greece，This makes it easier for the former to accept Greek Buddhist concepts。From the conversation of the dialogue between King Milan Tuo in the "Nagan Bhikkhu"，The Buddhism accepted by King Milan Tuo has a strong Greek philosophical color。This reflects the Greek culture and Buddhist culture and the surrounding India、A multiple direction of Bet365 app download Chinese culture、Introduction to complex fusion。

　　The integration of the concept of Chinese etiquette and law and Greek philosophy and culture 

Early Buddhist ethics and Chinese traditional cultural ethics have a large difference。After the introduction of Buddhism into China，Two ethical concepts are very different from the ethical concepts of Chinese people。First is the question of how Buddhists respect the world，This is mainly manifested as the concept of "monarch and minister" and "Shun" in traditional Chinese culture。Following how to treat parents such as parents and other relatives，Confucianism has always paid attention to raising relatives，The concept of "filial piety" is the basis for all social ethics。But，Buddhist monks are monks who cannot raise relatives。At the same time，Buddhist monks are not married and marry，Of course, it cannot breed offspring。This is the "Nothing Filial Piety to Three in traditional Chinese culture，Nothing to be big "concept is obviously back。

However, in the "Nanguqiu Sutra" after the Chinese translation, there is a clear content that promotes filial piety。"The first bhikkhu" volume: "Wang Yan:‘ How is the filial piety? ’‘ ‘All good ones are filial piety。All 37 items，All due to filial piety。"The so -called thirty -seven items，Refers to the thirty -seven basic abilities of the people in the Buddhist scriptures，That is four intentions、Eight types of ways, etc.。Most of these capabilities rely on the knowledge of the human body's various senses to obtain，Natural ability belonging to human beings，exercising natural ability is filial piety。Chinese Confucian traditional ethical outline，First, it is also emphasized bet365 Play online games that people must actively use their natural abilities，Treatment of family relationships and other interpersonal relationships。If you observe the birds and beasts that start from instinct, there are various filial piety，Not to mention people! This is an interpretation of filial piety from the ancient Chinese from observing nature。It is also looking for principles from nature，The basis for forming the formulation of ritual law in ancient China。Chinese traditional culture with a strong concept of filial piety，It is bound。Dangbang people are writing、Reference and translation of the Buddhist scriptures，I will also consciously write China's filial piety。Of course，Chinese translation of "The Sin Puppet Sutra" is talking about the concept of filial piety，Not based on the behavior of birds and beasts as the reference system，Instead, the reference system is based on the various organ functions of the human body。Despite this，Various functions of the human body, after all, also belong to the large category of natural attributes，From the perspective of thinking，This is still very close to the Chinese way of thinking。

other，Many Chinese idioms are selected into the "Naging Billo Jing" in the form of more than ten small stories。As the question of Naguku, the question of King Milan Tuo "people want to do good things，Should I do it in advance，Still do it afterwards "，pointed out, "Wang digs the ground when the king is thirsty，Can you solve the thirst "? After the king makes a negative answer，Then the first bhikkhu concluded "Therefore, doing good should be done in advance，There is no benefit after doing it afterwards "。Under the Volumes of the Bet365 app download Puppet Classic，Then the Xianbiqiu talked about this hungry field again、Two fables of the military training，The first bhikkhu asked the king: "If the king has the enemy to attack himself，Is a temporary production of combat tools、Digging the trenches? King Milan Toro replied: "It should be reserved in the past。"In the end, the first bhikkhu came to the conclusion" People should consider doing good things in advance，It is not good to do good deeds afterwards。It is useless to do good desertation again in the future. "。The three fable thinking structure used by the first bhikkhu is similar to the Chinese idiom "thirsty well"。As a result，There are a lot of similar statements in people across China，For example, a crash gun, etc.。This can be seen，These three fable Chinese translations in the "Nangxian Biqiu"，It is indeed a result of accepting the influence of traditional Chinese culture。

The main translator of the Chinese translation of the early Buddhist scriptures is a foreign monk who came to China，And the Han intellectual believers are the main assistance。The translation method of translation of the Buddhist scriptures is mainly oral translation，recite a certain scripture from the foreign monk，Translation of a population as Chinese，Another person "stroke" is the transcript of Chinese，Finally modify。From this translation process，Monk should mainly adopt literal translation，"Pen" people undertake the main translation task，In accurately expressing the original text of the Buddhist scriptures in Chinese, the cultural exchanges and integration of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges are unconsciously realized，Bet365 app download or analogy applicable to Confucian tradition，Or the world of Xiaoxiao，Reflected the profound and inclusiveness of the Chinese civilization。

　　(Author is an associate professor at the School of Law of East China University of Political Science and Law)