2080s，With the large -scale transmission of Western literature and art theory，The theoretical theoretical world has appeared on the knowledge theory of "methodology" and "theory of conceptual theory" and other knowledge theory reflection。Where，The earliest、Discussion on literary and artistic theory that lasts to this day。The discussion of literary theory on literary theory in the new era，It can be roughly divided into two levels: First, the artistic epistemology and literary and artistic body theory caused by the independence of literary and art，Second, the controversy of the essential theory and literary existence theory caused by the theory of philosophical theory。These two disputes about the construction of art ontology，Not only reflects the path and direction of the development of Chinese literature and art itself for more than 40 years，It also provides a reflection angle and a variety of research methods for deepening contemporary literature and art research。

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From the 1980s to the present，The literary theoretical world has experienced such a change: from ignoring its independence literary episodes、Promote the theory of the construction of literary and artistic ontology，To criticize the literary ontology that moves to narrowing、Emphasizing the literary episodes of external research。Literature and theory researchers based on the independent development of the above two paths，I found a unified direction to promote the construction of literary and artistic ontology，and make these two paths effectively combine。

The literary epistemology of Soviet literary theory workers such as Bidachev and other Soviet literary theory workers in the 1950s was introduced to China，Domestic literary and art workers reflect the theory of literary and artistic theory advocated by Marxist literary theory with the subject creation of literary epistemology.，Consider literature as a tool that reflects social life、Passage of Political Strategy。This makes the writer too much attention to the evolution of social ideology during the creative bet365 best casino games process，The ideological significance of the work is greater than the aesthetic meaning，Then the aesthetic characteristics of literature are gradually weakened，Literature and artistic episodes also moved to the main concern of the main research of literature、Ignore the rigid mode of internal research of literature。

2080s，With the continuous development of society，Literature researchers will have natural scientific methodology and include phenomenology such as "three old theory" and "New Three theory"、structuralism、New criticism and other Western modern humanities science methodology is used in literary research，This promotes literary research to gradually shift to the literary and artistic ontology of literature in the nature and development of literature。

Literature and artistic theory not only pays attention to the aesthetic characteristics of literature and art itself，Also focused on discussing the ontology of the theory of internal development of literature and art，and generally appear formal ontology、Anthropology Literature and Art Topen、Negative form ontology、Format tower quality This body theory and other forms。Where，Forms Theory regards literary texts as objects of cognition，From the form of work、Language, etc.，Taking the work as an independent and self -sufficient body with a significant significance，Discuss the unique aesthetic characteristics of literature and art; anthropological literary and artistic theory emphasizes people's life experience、Social practice is research object，regarding art ontology as a human body，I think literature and art are part of life，The two have potential homogeneous; negative formal theory uses specific literary elements as research objects，Format tower literary and artistic ontology is the essence of literature and art in the architecture of the masterpiece of literature。

Although these new forms have promoted the construction of art ontology，But there are still some disadvantages。If formal ontology, pay too much attention to the language of literary works、Form and other "internal factors"，Ignore author、Reader、Social Environment and other "external factors"，Therefore, "greatly reduced the meaning of the research scope of literary works and the meaning of the ontology of literary works"; anthropological literary bet365 Play online games theory theory uses irrational "life" as the ontology，Simply equate literature and art with human life，The special characteristics of diluting literature and art。With the emergence of these problems，The literary theory of literature and art still needs literature and politics、Literary and Social Life、The participation of literary and artistic epistemology such as literature and art and culture。Different from the mechanization literary and artistic episodes that rely entirely on objects in the past，The new literary epistemology emphasizes the subject's understanding of the object depends on the object attribute，It is inseparable from the ability of the subject。It belongs to the external research of literature and art，The ontology that emphasizes the internal research of literary and art is two aspects of the problem，There is an independent and unified close relationship。

Whether it is literary and artistic theory to move towards mechanization，There is a large limitations in the theory of art and art on the subject，All explain the importance of combining internal and external research。Today's literary researchers need to pay close attention to the relationship between literature and art and other words，Through self -reflection、Self -critical realization of self -transcendence。other，Literature researchers should also comprehensively consider the external environment of literary and artistic development based on the research of literary and artistic ontology，Not only the internal inquiry of ontology，Also explore the theory of the body，Combining literary and artistic theory with literary epistemology，To construct a more complete literary theoretical system。

　　From absolute essentialism to the combination of essential theory and existence theory

From the perspective of philosophical theory，The construction of literary and artistic theory since the new period also contains the argument of the essence of literature and art and the existence of literary existence。The two are on the basis of seeking their independent development，I found a unified direction that jointly promoted the construction of literary and artistic ontology，and thus form an independent unified relationship。

The essential theory discusses the most direct thing that is used to distinguish between other things、The core feature。Literary essence theory refers to the ultimate Bet365 app download question about "what is literary"，It is a manifestation of literary and artistic theory in the category of philosophy。Although the essential theory is human understanding the world、A guiding theory of exploring the mystery of the world，But "One of the essence and key pests of the theory of 'essentialism' theory，It is that it is a kind of ‘non -historicalism’ ... It is assumed that things have super history、Universal eternal essence (absolute reality、General Humanity、True self, etc.)，This essence does not change due to changes in space -time conditions "(Tao Dongfeng's" Basic Questions of Literature Theory ")。So，At the end of the 20th century，The rigidity of the literary theoretical world is emerging、Extremely、"Anti -essentialism" boom of absolute essentialism，Most literary researchers have turned to pursue the current meaning of "literary existence theory"。

Some scholars point out，"Literature theory built with 'modern existence theory' as the philosophical infrastructure is literary existence theory。It advocates based on literary activities as a whole、Literature and text conducts comprehensive and overall research on literature in the whole picture of literature (Shan Xiaoxi "From" Anti -Essentialism "to" Mandatory Interpretation Theory "")。，Research on Literature and Art ontology is no longer a science of the essence of literature or beauty，No longer an intermediary to solve the ultimate problem of philosophy，and turned to the attention of the literary existence method。The existence of ontology has deconstructed the metaphysical essence theory to a certain extent，Research on the study of this physical theory out of the empty hole、Conceptual philosophy ultimate questioning，Turn to the current、Reality Discussion of the Existence Method。But "It also makes the essence of literature loses legitimacy，The construction of literary theory was canceled，On behalf of the historical statement，This may lead to absolute historicalism and even nihilism "(Yang Chunshi" Possibly Possibly Speaking of Postmodernism and Literature ")。This prompts literary theory researchers to pay attention to the essential theory research。

Literary essence theory emphasizes the research of literary and artistic ontology from the essential characteristics of literature，Bet365 lotto review Literary existence is the way to exist in literature、The development trend of the presentation of the literary ontology，They belong to two aspects that they are in the category of literary and artistic ontology，Unsifically divided、The premise of each other，But it is relatively independent of each other。Contemporary Literature researchers should not only study the way the existence of literature is here，It should also pursue its fundamental characteristics，What is "what" and "how" are combined。As some scholars have pointed out: "Whether it is" essential theory 'or' existence theory 'as the theoretical base point and core concept，only means the base point or ‘fulcrum’ different，The phenomenon and problems it focus on are different。No matter what，It still has to use this to leverage the research of related theoretical problems，To communicate with other theoretical concepts with other theoretical concepts，To make a due answer to those basic literary theory questions。"(Lai Daren's" Contemporary Literature and Art Research: between essential theory and existence theory ") Today literary researcher only in the new society and literature cognition，Combining the essence of literature and art with the existence of literature and art，From time to time and time、Start with essence and specific existence，Comprehensive research on literature and art，The construction of literary and artistic ontology can be more theoretical、Comprehensive and systematic。

　　Develop literary theory in the specific unity of history and practice

Starting from the literary level，The argument of literary and artistic epistemology and literary body theory; or start from the philosophical level，Apart from moving towards the essence of literature and art and literary existence，All reflect the contradictions and complexity of the construction of literary and artistic ontology，and the tortuousness and continuity of its construction road。The debate and running -in process of the literary theoretical industry provides methodology guidance for the construction of art ontology。

First，Literary researchers must adhere to the guiding position of Marxist methodology。Literary researchers cannot "reject materiality with subjectivity，Specific exclusive exclusion，Extremely understanding with perceptual experience "(Ma Jianhui's" About "Practice Story" aesthetics and its argument "，Instead，Prevent the construction of artistic ontology from rigid and nothing。Literary researchers bet365 live casino games should also use the methodology of materialist dialectics，Aware of the independent and unified relationship between literary and artistic theory and literary and artistic ontology，From the occurrence of both、Development、Changes and their own contradictions Expand research，Not only the general features of the internal literature，Also consider it with external society、Politics, etc.。other，Literary researchers should also adhere to the method of combining historical views and practical views，So as to build a literary and artistic ontology in the comprehensive grasp of history and practice。

Next，Literary researchers should promote the diversified development of methodology。Whether it is dividing literary research into literary epistemology and literary ontology，Still divide it into the essential theory and literary existence theory，Literary researchers must realize that "No kind of literary theory cannot exhaust all the essential characteristics and laws of art，It can only be from a certain angle、At a certain level，Even to some extent reveals the essence and laws of art "(Dong Li's" Academic Space for Pioneering Literature and Art Research "。The relationship between these angles and levels is not opposing，Instead of completing each other，They are different branches of literary theory research，Commonly compose a relatively complete literary theoretical system。Literary researchers must combine epistemology with ontology，It is also necessary to combine the essence theory and existence theory，In the cross development of various theories，Pursue the road that is most consistent with the actual situation of literary and art，Construction more comprehensive and systematic literary theory。other，"In order to break these, it has been universal、The theoretical predecessor and concept system of the theoretical of self -explanatory "(Tao Dongfeng's" Reflection of the Mainstream Chinese Literature and Art of Chinese Literature in the 1980s ")，Literary researchers also need to have critical thinking，It is necessary to have historic criticism and self -criticism and vertical、Historical sorting and inspection of horizontal two -way history，Also there must be the ultimate philosophy of literary and artistic phenomena。

　　(Author Unit: School of Literature, Anhui Normal University)