"Chang" and "Qi" are two extremely important concepts produced in the development of ancient Chinese cultural development，They represent two different ways of thinking and aesthetic orientation，and have a profound impact on the development of many literary styles in ancient times。Most of the time from the pre -Qin to Song and Yuan dynasties，Due to the influence of Confucianism's moderation，"Qi" is always in a mediocre status of "frequent"。At the late Ming Dynasty，This phenomenon has gradually changed: due to the rise of the citizen class、The distribution of Wang Xue thought、Enhancement of the consciousness of the scholars，Doctors of literati began to consciously affirm the "strange" side of ancient culture、Vigorously promote。The new and innovative cultural trend of this stock is not only in the late Ming society、Culture、Literature and other corners echo the excitement，Also some creative ideas of Qing people、Aesthetic concept played the role of guiding husband first。So，Investigation of the formation of wonders from a historical perspective、Observe the performance of the concept from the cultural perspective、Explore the impact of Qi from the perspective of literature in the perspective of literature，It becomes an important idea to grasp the development of ancient Chinese literature in the late development of ancient Chinese。

　Bet365 app download

The transformation of the concept of late Ming Dynasty began in the field of poetry，Qi people Li Yan proposed related propositions such as "‘ ‘out of the class but not beneficial’ “Qi” and “Do not fit the“ Somsays ”‘ Qi ”，What has more personal characteristics and new changes is that he has a long position for Changqi、Discussion of Changqi Relationship。Overall，Li Yan advocates canceling the resolution between the two，Mutual conversion between Chang Qi from a more rounded perspective，As a result, the basic equality of Changqi status。This way of thinking comes from Buddhism on the one hand，On the other hand, it is derived from Yangming Heart and Left Wang Xue。Because it fades the orthodoxy behind it、heresy connotation，The independent personality of "not the right and wrong of Confucius is right and wrong"、"Details and Light Details" character evaluation standards，It seems natural。Although Bet365 app download Li Yan is not very prominent in the performance of literary creation，But his highly independent strange personality、The way of thinking about the new thinking has a profound impact on later literati and literary genres，And its "anti -distinguished thinking" was also repeatedly used in the later Changqi relationship.。From this point of view，Li Yan is undoubtedly a key character for turning the concept of the late Ming Dynasty。

"Public Security Three Yuan" and Jiang Yingke largely inherited Li Yan's concept of Changqi、Thinking of Changqi Relationship，and further applied to personality review、Literary aesthetics and many other fields。In Personality Rating，They appreciate the independent religious strange people、Haojie of the world、Bone Fun Talent，But the essence of it，This appreciation comes from the admiration of these characters' independent personality and extraordinary talent。This constitutes the basis for their self -proclaims in the late Ming literary world，At the same time, through "Express the Spirit，Eclectic Set "and other literary expositions such as the vintage region of the vintage of the vintage at the time。Public Security School's innovation and breakthrough in the traditional literary tradition of late Ming，to a large extent comes from their relying on the cultural location of "strange"，The shaking and impact of "Chang"，and this literary movement is also very typical reflected and represents the cultural spirit unique to late Ming。

The Lingling School also admires the strange people，but different from the public security faction to the madman's true colors，The strange people of the Lingling School have more characteristics of a puppet。This manifestation is the strange man in Zhong Ying、Tan Yuanchun's pen often has a cold and cold character background、Deep personality characteristics、Deep moral cultivation and good academic pursuit，And the living environment of the strange people is mainly quiet。This deeply influences the creative concept and aesthetic method of the Qiangling School，Specifically is a rigorous and prudent creative attitude、Writing mentality of meditation meeting、Deep and meticulous aesthetic features、Thicker literary goals and the way to learn from ancient times。These literary concepts are meticulous and specific through their poetic evaluation "Poetry"，and have a profound impact on the poetry of the early Ming and early Qing dynasties。

The Lingling School passed Bet365 app download the different words of the connotation of the strange people，Both the poetic style of the late Ming Dynasty realized the transformation from smart to deep，It also makes the writing of poetry no longer depend on personal spirit，Instead, the poetic tradition of the ancients gradually integrates and docking。The steering of this way of seeking the strange path gives "Qi" a thicker cultural connotation，But also lost the kind of self -self of late Ming literature、wild and unruly cultural spirit，and Li Yan、The lively life atmosphere given to the late Ming poetry and essays has gradually gone to disappear。

　　Wonderful concepts in the field of night novels and opera

In the field of classical Chinese novels，Many works record a lot of monsters in large quantities，This has formed a contradiction and tension with the Confucian concept of "Zi Doning the Strange God of God"，For this，The generation and existence of the literati of the late Ming Dynasty、"Strange" saying rationality、"Qi" specific stream、The unique features of "Qi" have been detailed and deeply deepened and a systematic saying。They may regard "Qi" as the result of "frequent changes" or "change of reason"，Or seeing "Qi" as a subjective concept of sensuality。But anyway，They all think that "Qi" is common in this world，It is a way of expression of the universe。

To demonstrate the reasonableness of the "strange" words，Late Ming people made many new interpretations of "Zi Donaldiability"，This explanation is not an objective training of the "I Note Six Classics"，but a "Six Classic Note Me" saying。Overall，The "Qi" of the Lucky Calligraphy Novels can be divided into a strange strange、Wild Shi Zhi、The three categories of museum。In the analysis and comments of different categories，Late Ming literati discovered the cognitive auxiliary function of "Qi" for the Tao、"Strange" admonitioning function、"Strange" complement function、"Strange" museum function、"Strange" entertainment function，and "Qi" supplement the balance function of "positive flavor"，From this formed a complementary symbiotic relationship between "Qi" and "Chang"。

In the field of vernacular novels，The "Four Books of Four Books" of the Ming Dynasty novels appeared in the household name。"Water Margin" to enter the "Four Books of Four Books", which also reveals a rich cultural meaning: in the early years of Jiajing to Wanli，People regard "Water Margin" as "Strange Book"，In fact, it is more a kind of Bet365 lotto review joke，to Li Yan、Where is Yuan Hongdao，Began to compare "Water Margin" with some traditional cultural classics based on "childlike theory"，This not only greatly improves the cultural status of "Water Margin"，It also becomes an important way for these literati to make self -shaping in a sense。With Li Yan、Gradually expand the influence of the public security faction，Seeing "Water Margin" as a biological book gradually transitioned from "theory" to the "Justice" in the minds of literati，This process is accompanied by the rise of folk culture and the increasingly developed publishing industry。It can be said，Establishment of the title of "Four Books"，Not only shows the unremitting efforts of building a new cultural system with the popular literature of the late Ming Dynasty with the popular literature of the Da Ya Church，It also shows the increasingly moving status of vulgar literature in the cultural field。From this perspective，Late Ming Literature and Culture does have a strong and distinctive personalization、Emotional and diversified color。

In the field of opera，Before the late Ming Dynasty, the overall number of the opera was less quantity，and not a system。At the late Ming Dynasty，The literati really started the scale of the strangeness of the opera、Systematic saying。This is both in the deep speaking of the strange mechanism of opera，It is also manifested in the theme of opera writing、New thinking of opera writing methods。Overall，Late Ming people think that the generation of drama is: "Strange" because of "adventure" caused an uneven "strange ingenuity" in the chest，and "Strange" can be expressed by "strange things"，Eventually, a romantic "Wonders"。On the theme of writing，Late Ming people mainly divide "Qi" into three categories: strange things、Qi Ren、Awesome。In terms of the specific way of writing，Late Ming people noticed the idea of ​​the idea of ​​opera、Strangeness of realm mood，I also followed the narrative of the opera、Structure、Language。"The Writers of the Wens" make the author's miracle expressly express it，It also enables the odds of themes to expand more fully in the text field。

While advocating the "wonderful text"，Late Ming people also excessively excessive concepts of the aesthetic concept of "always surprising"、Unreasonable tendency to ask for appropriate constraints and limits。Overall，They advocate "Qi" should return to the people's daily use、bet365 Play online games Logic，The description and narrative of "Qi" should be commonplace、Logic、Carefulness、The vocabulary must be exhausted，Factors of ethical and morality should be injected into the subject matter，Finally realized the educational effect of "smoothness of the world"。The discussion of the Wonderful Concept of the Wonderful Concept determines the creative ideas and writing methods of late Ming opera，and shaped the aesthetic form and cultural pattern of the opera of late Ming and even early Qing Dynasty。

　The differences and commonality of the concepts

Overall，The development of strange concepts in the field of poetry and classical Chinese novels、Vernacular novel、The development of the strange concepts in the field of opera shows different cultural paths。For relatively orthodox poems，The author does not face the interpretation of the reasonableness of his own style，They are more facing: in the face of inherent ideological traditions、Cultural tradition、Literary tradition，How to achieve self -transcendence and continuously innovate。So，From Li Yan、Public Security School、，Independence is almost a clue that runs through the entire late Ming literature。The so -called "Strange Man" and "Strange text"，In fact, it contains more independent innovation。and from Li Yan to the Tombistan，You can see the basic process from the rise of the late Ming Qi from the rise to disappear，can be seen again，The transformation of the concept also internally affects the writer's creative thinking、Creative method、​​Aesthetic Standard，Then lead to the continuous changes in the style of late Ming poetry。

For classical Chinese novels、Vernacular novel、The style of the edge of the opera is for the style of the edge position，The development of strange concepts first faces the question of how to demonstrate its own writing and reasonableness。Ru Chan Novel Author's refutation and re -explanation of the concept of traditional "unspoken words and weird power"，A vernacular novels and opera authors in the preface and the unique function and value of the novel and opera，All can be regarded as such examples。In this kind of style，"Qi" is often meticulously distinguished as "strange people", "strange things", "strange text"，And there are clear tendencies of "always surprising"。This reflects this type of literary style that is biased towards narrative，On the one hand, in the character、Event、Plot arrangement、Literary writing and many levels have "strange" pursuit，On the other hand, it bet365 Play online games is also attached to traditional Confucian morals，To raise your own cultural status，Seeking a broader development space。From this point of view，In ancient China，"Qi" development is affected and restricted by "frequent"，But it is also constantly highlighting self in the contrast with "frequent"，and gradually establish your own cultural status and cultural value in the interaction relationship with "Chang"。

If poetry、Classical Chinese novels、Vernacular novel、The concept of "Qi" in the fields of opera is highly refined and summarized，It is not difficult to find the "strange" in the types of literature in the literary literature exist in common，This commonality can be summarized as the following three points。

First，"Qi" has a super -specific。Whether it is "Strange" or "Strange Book"，All show an ordinary、Ordinary strong surpassing desire: "Strange Man" often wants to open distance from ordinary people，and "Strange Books" often draw a clear line with the same level。Whether it is Lee、Yuan Hongdao、Zhong Yi's discussion about "Strange"，Still Jin Shengtan's words about "talented book"，All are based on excellent talents、On the basis of extraordinary talent。"Qi" is both a maverick，It is another kind of vulgarity，It is even more outstanding。The literati is against the strange people、At the same time of rewarding and advertising the strange books，In fact, it is also the shape of the literary posture and the manifestation of the cultural taste。

Next，"Qi" had a disruptiveness of the cultural order at that time。This table now "Qi" often shows the tradition of existing literature、Breakthrough and reconstruction of the cultural system。For example，Breakthrough of Li Yan's tradition of Confucianism，Yuan Hongdao's rebellion on the retro literary system of "post -seven sons"，"Four Books of Books" for the reconstruction of traditional classic cultural order, etc.。Scholars who are self -proclaimed often have highly independent personality characteristics，Innovation with literature、Cultural innovation is the final purpose。

Last，"Qi" reflects the compromise of "frequent" in the specific development process。Whether in the field of poetry or in classical Chinese novels、Vernacular novel、The field of opera，"Qi" takes the goal of breaking the existing order，But in the end, they returned to the path of "Chang"。For example，Reflection and transformation in the later literary theory of the Public Security School，The Emphasis on Confucian morality and bet365 Play online games ancient poetry traditions and reunion，Novel and opera writer given to the meaning of the concept of "always surprising".。One aspect，The literati often uses heresy in the process of seeking Qi Qi、Qi Ren's self -dwelling，Fully shows the particularity of the self。but on the other hand，After a long time，They found that to maximize their own value and significance，Still go back to the mainstream cultural order。Final，"Qi" and "Frequently" are fierce collisions、After confrontation，often form a mutual compromise、The delicate relationship of balanced mutual balance。

In short,，"Chang" and "Qi" seem to be a simple concept，But in the special historical and cultural context of ancient China，Behind it contains the fundamental propositions of many literary development。No doubt，The study of the concept of late Ming Dynasty is a quite grand question，It is also a very difficult problem，But in my opinion，It is also worthy of continuous deepening、Questions with academic significance and cultural value。

　　(This article is the "Research on the Transformation of the Wonderful Concept and its Influence on Literature" (17czw026) staged results)

(Author is an associate professor at the School of Arts of Shaanxi Normal University)