French missionary Yin Hongxu came to China in 1699。After missionary work in Jingdezhen,Yin Hongxu observes through on-the-spot inspection,Consult local craftsmen or bet365 Play online games merchants,Acquired first-hand information on Jingdezhen ceramic production technology。and,In order to verify the accuracy of these information,Consulted many ceramic classics,especially Jingdezhen local literature,This gave him a comprehensive and accurate understanding of these ceramic techniques。Afterwards,Yin Hongxu compiled the results of these materials into two letters,Sent to Father Orry on September 1, 1712 and January 25, 1722 respectively。
Judging from the contents of these two letters,It covers a wide range,Not only describes in detail the many manufacturing processes of Jingdezhen ceramics and the precautions during operation,Preparation of Rutai Glaze、Color material refining、Forming method、Glazing tips、Painting、Man Kiln、Kiln、Roasting flowers and other techniques,Also records the location of Jingdezhen’s construction at that time、Artisan income、People’s Life、Public Security Management、Commodity trade、How to deal with “waste” in the kiln industry, etc.,Is important information for comprehensively understanding all aspects of Jingdezhen in the late Kangxi period。Of course,The most important value of these two letters lies in their systematic description of Jingdezhen ceramic production technology,Because of this,Yin Hongxu is called "the first person in the West to systematically study Chinese bet365 Play online games",This shows his important position and influence in the history of ceramic cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries。
Yin Hongxu recorded in detail the "secret" of Jingdezhen's "bet365 Play online games stone + kaolin" binary formula,Solved a mystery that has long puzzled Europeans,That’s why Chinese bet365 Play online games is so dense and sophisticated。Yin Hongxu compared the differences between bet365 Play online games stone and kaolin,Recorded the secret of bet365 Play online games making,Also sent kaolin samples to France,This caused great shock in Europe,It set off a wave of European craftsmen looking for kaolin、The climax of imitation Chinese bet365 Play online games,Greatly promoted the production and development of the European ceramic industry。The word "Gaoling" is therefore known to France and even the whole of Europe,This is 157 years earlier than the English word "Kaolin" originally translated by German geologist Richthofen。
After these two letters from Yin Hongxu reached France,First published in "The Letters of the Jesuits",Subsequently reprinted and published by "Trevu Papers", "Scholar's Journal", "Complete Records of the Chinese Empire", etc.,There are even excerpts from the auction catalog of French artifacts at that time。It is worth mentioning,In 1780, the "Encyclopedia" edited by the French Enlightenment thinker Diderot was published,Most of the content of the "bet365 Play online games" section is taken from these two letters of Yin Hongxu。Not only that,50 years after these two letters reached France,French potters finally found kaolin in Limoges,And successfully produced hard bet365 Play online games。Afterwards,These two letters have been translated into English one after another、Japanese and other languages,Has a wide range of important impacts around the world,Especially the impact on the European ceramic industry is very direct、valid,Germany、UK、Netherlands、Belgium、Italy and other countries also found kaolin during this period,Producing hard bet365 Play online games,And each opened a special bet365 Play online games factory。But subject to various conditions,The crafts that Yin Hongxu knows are all the bet365 Play online games-making craftsmanship of Jingdezhen folk kilns,There are few descriptions of the bet365 Play online games making technology of Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory and the palace at that time。Even the description of bet365 Play online games making techniques in folk kilns,Because most of them come from the dictation of craftsmen,There are inevitably errors and omissions。
1978,Jingdezhen Ceramics Museum responds to the country’s policy of “making the past serve the present,The call to serve foreign countries for China’s benefit,Organized and compiled a large number of foreign materials on the study of bet365 Play online games ceramics,It includes the bet365 Play online games version translated by Wang Jingsheng based on the Japanese translation of Yin Hongxu's two letters translated and annotated by Kobayashi Taro。Because the Japanese translation Wang Jingsheng relied on has many differences in text content from the French original,Therefore, there are many errors and omissions in this bet365 Play online games translation,However, it was limited by the conditions at the time,It has been widely used in bet365 Play online games academic circles for more than 20 years。Until 2001,Elephant Publishing House brings together scholars to publish the original French version,Comprehensive translation of "Collection of bet365 Play online games Letters of Jesuits" edited by Du Hede,These two letters from Yin Hongxu are included,Corrected many errors in previous translations。
The appearance of these two letters by Yin Hongxu and their translations,Not only makes Jingdezhen bet365 Play online games making technology more widely spread around the world,Promote the whole world to recognize that "bet365 Play online games is China's great invention",It also promotes the production development of the world ceramic industry and the overall improvement of bet365 Play online games making skills。
(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Foundation Art Project "Research on the Overseas Spread of bet365 Play online games Ceramic Classics and Its Impact on the World Ceramic Industry since the 19th Century" (18BG140)
(Author’s unit: bet365 Play online games Ceramics University, School of Arts, Culture, and Museology)
Friendly links: Official website of bet365 Play online games Academy of Social Sciences |
Website registration number: Beijing Public Network Security No. 11010502030146 Ministry of bet365 Play online games and Information Technology:
All rights reserved by China bet365 Play online games Magazine. No reproduction or use without permission is allowed
Chief editor’s email: zzszbj@126.com Contact information of bet365 Play online games website: 010-85886809 Address: Floor 11-12, Building 1, No. 15 Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing Postal Code: 100026
>