Professor Fang Wei of the School of Literature of Beijing Normal University for many years has been committed to cross -disciplinary research in the field of literature, history and philosophy，Related results are comparative literature、Literature Sociology、Concept history、Overseas Sinology and other academic fields have had a wide range of influences。Whether it is "comparative literary image"，It is still the "concept history" research method that has received much attention in recent years，All he introduced to China first。Especially in the field of conceptual history research，Fang Wei Rules are one of the founders of the conceptual history of conceptual history recognized by mainland China，It is regarded as one of the leaders of East Asian conceptual history research overseas。In addition to "The Communication of Western and China: The Communication of Western School in the Late Qing Dynasty", "The 20th Century German Literature and Ideology Draft", etc.，He also hosted or participated in many Chinese and Western literature research projects。2021，Professor Fang Weiji was elected academician of the European Academy of Sciences ("Literature and Drama")。In order to further understand the teaching achievements and academic concepts of Professor Fang Weiji，Recently reporters interviewed him。

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"China Social Sciences": From the perspective of Matthew Arnold，Literature has "the best thoughts and best expressions in the world"。In the minds of many people，Novel、Drama、Poetry and other literary works are often regarded as the achievements of a nation and country，Literature seems to have a special status in public cultural life。So，What is the overall feeling of your road to literary research?

Fangwei Regulations:This is to start with my literary interest I have long had a long time of literature，related to my growth experience。1971，I was sent to the Middle School Affiliated to Shanghai Foreign Studies University。In that era，Shangwai Middle School is a very special school，There was no key school at that time，Shangwai Middle School is the only pointed school in the minds of Shanghai people，I was assigned in a German class after joining the school。This school's liberal arts are relatively strong，The teacher of the school can be said to be the first -class Shanghai。The learning content is also wide，There are also many ancient Chinese contents in Chinese class，This was rare at the time。

During school，I have studied foreign novels such as "Bulls", "Anna Kalenina"。In that era，Many of the contents of foreign novels are not seen in Chinese novels，It's really interesting。This is probably the starting point of my literary research。

1977，I am admitted to the German Department of Shanghai Foreign Studies University，In addition to learning German literature history courses，Read German literary works。Pass the exam，I graduated in my junior year and stayed in school。Apart from teaching at that time，Scientific research is unable to say。I first published seven or eight German literature works such as "Foreign Literature and Art", "Foreign Literature", "Contemporary Foreign Literature", etc.。Really start literary research，It’s after studying。It is also when I am studying，I translated my later doctoral tutor Dazelink's "Introduction to Comparison Literature"。

　　"China Social Sciences": You are elected academician of the European Academy of Sciences，This means that you can talk equally in the field of literary research。In which achievement do you get their recognition and respect?

Fangwei Regulations:Actually in the Western academic community，Passage doesn’t care much about race and nationality，If you feel that the level of research is high, recognize it。This reminds me of a problem that I wrote a question in the pen a long time ago，This is the issue of excessively respected foreign experts and its research results: as one of the direct participants of overseas sinology，I and many sinologists are familiar with，Understanding each other's academic interest and level。I don’t deny the achievements made by Western Sinology，But many studies are also very general。and in China，The number of seats and papers in the publication in the publication，Never be at the custom of the state of etiquette。Of course，Different conferences and meetings，I used to use the School of Literature, Beijing Normal University as the platform，convened and hosted five sessions of "thought and method" international high -end dialogue and academic forum。Each meeting invites nearly 20 domestic and foreign experts，Every time the audience has hundreds of people。This can also be used to explain "recognition questions"。This series of conference invites a lot of international reputation，All can come here，Isn't this recognition? I can also give another example.，If a well -known scholar wants to write a book，Please write an article or a chapter，Of course it is recognition，Maybe he will consider whether you get the recognition of others。He will not ask someone to write it casually，This is related to his academic vision，Can't act lightly。

　　Turn into: Stacking of the trajectory of learning

"China Social Sciences": You pay special attention to cross -disciplinary research in the field of literature, history and philosophy，So，Is it important to carry out interdisciplinary research in the intention of literature? What is the significance of the development of literary disciplines?

Fangwei Regulations:My research is more complicated，It can also be said to be interdisciplinary research。The "Thought and Method" conference just said，In fact, it is also an attempt for interdisciplinary research。This may be due to my study journey。Reading at a University of Germany，Only studying literature or only history or other single disciplines，That is the job that is not done。Generally, you need to learn at least two majors，This is the hard rule of the education system。My academic purpose is indeed spanning a lot of professional，From the research I have done for more than ten years,，It is often interdisciplinary research，but mainly traveling between literature and history，Philosophy is a problem with many studies。In recent years，Meeting when going out seems to be more in the history of the historian。It will soon publish a relatively long article in "Research on Modern History"，The title is "Concept History and History Time Theory"，It mainly involves historical or historical philosophy，There are problems such as modernity theory。

Speaking of cross -disciplinary problems in literature or literary theory research，Perhaps it can be said，Literary theory is always at the forefront of theoretical research，Other theories often involve literature。or，Theory of other disciplines is often used to explain literature。As far as the international academic circles are concerned,，Discuss one of the distinctive features of theoretical issues，Thinking of the concept of cross -disciplinary discipline。Interdisciplinary itself is a method，Rarely restricted in pure theory。Those big theorists，Which is purely literary theory? Or，Which is not history or philosophy? Of course, there are literary theorists who are interested in other disciplines。

Cross -discipline and take a certain subject as the center of focus，Both inside and outside，But the boundary is often blurred，This is a common phenomenon today。Take an example: I gave a speech Bet365 app download at the Paris Master，What is about cultural transmission。I was surprised at the time，Many scholars from different majors in the school come to listen。I left me a deep impression that I was very impressed with，They participated in the discussion very seriously and frankly after my speech，Many insights are helpful for me。I want to，This is an ideal atmosphere of cross -disciplinary exchange and discussion。Unfortunately，This academic atmosphere is relatively rare here。A few organized interdisciplinary discussions，Most of the scholars participating are more polite，Usually lack of real in -depth communication and dialogue。

Previous，Many studies are based on subjects，People emphasize the academic discourse of different disciplines，Philosophy discourse is different from sociological discourse，History discourse is different from literary criticism，I know very little about academic progress outside the discipline，This leads to the continuous proposal of interdisciplinary issues and propositions，But it is not more common to really implement。Although everyone feels important for interdisciplinary，But what is interdisciplinary、How to cross the discipline，The understanding of many people does not seem to be deep enough。The important thing is，How to surpass the boundaries of the discipline，Fusion of vision，Grasp the core of the problem with a full vision，Simple superposition of different methods。

Humanities are soft science，Someone does not even regard it as a real science，I often give people a sense of nothingness。Speaking of "nihn"，Sometimes I describe some contemporary Chinese literature in the classroom。"Nihile" is a characteristic that should not have but it should not have but it is common，This will make people feel mysterious。So，Pay attention to facts、It is particularly important to say that something is particularly important。I just wrote some literary research papers with conceptual history and methods，For example, "cross -cultural", "salon", "((Western) literature", "world literature", "halo", etc.。Do it well，Of course, readers must be judged。

　　"China Social Sciences": You are one of the important founders of Chinese conceptual history research。As an imported product，What is the connotation and extension of conceptual history?

Fangwei Regulations:People who know the history of concept in recent years seem to be more and more，great signs of becoming a manifestation。Concept history is not a discipline，but a method of studying problems，Just like interpretation、discourse analysis and other methods the same。Current，There are not many people engaged in conceptual history research in China。For most people，Knowing or vague，For example, many people may say that Fang Mi -regulations are to do words，This is of course layman words。Concept history is not only about vocabulary history，But the vocabulary must be a entry point，Concept history research must start with those words that express the important facts of politics and society。We must distinguish between language history and concept history: analysis of language history，Concept History Discussion Concept，Concept history is another path of studying the history of ideology。

This actually involves the definition of conceptual history，and I don’t like definitions very much，This is what I often say in the class，I hope that students will not be superstitious and defined，That is often a trial。In humanities，There are often multiple definitions for one thing，Different definitions in different contexts。For example, I have recently released a small book，called "What is the History of Concepts"，Many places have the world of conceptual history。

Concept History Research Plan Relying on two theoretical premises: one is historical precipitation in specific Bet365 app download concepts，and be explained and explained in the concept。Can't tell history without concepts，For example, telling the French Revolution，or a new cultural movement or May 4th movement a century ago，This is inseparable from specific concepts，Even two or three key concepts can be used to summarize。The second is that these concepts have their own history，Through different historical periods，For example, "democracy"，This word has this word in ancient China，"Democracy" is the emperor，is "the Lord of the People"; and in the 19th century，When the Chinese translate the Western "Democracy" with "democracy"，Turn it to the "democracy" of the people as the Lord。In the 19th century a long period of historical period，"Democracy" may be the Chinese translation of "democracy"，It may also be the translation of "Republic" (Republic)，Reflected people's understanding and interpretation of these two western concepts。Concept history to review the form of language symbols，Explore their semantics and functions，And describes and outline the normal state of a concept at these two levels、Fragmentation and changes。Analysis of changes in the meaning of language expression，Makes people understand the actual experience of the past era and the relationship between social form and their changes，Provide a paradigm for historical research。This should be the connotation of concept history。

About the extension of concept history，We may be able to talk about the possibility of the use of conceptual history and methods。We know，Concept history is "German goods"，The so -called exotic product。This research plan emphasizes the combination of ideological history and social history，It is an interpretation mode that relies on credible historical materials，It has strong tolerance and interdisciplinary nature: it is based on the knowledge of different disciplines，Enrich different disciplines with your own strengths，This makes it extensively or use a wide range of martial arts。Research and literary concepts I used to use conceptual history methods，It can explain this。

　　Translation: Provincial inspection

"China Social Sciences": 1986-2006，You study and work in Germany，achievement in many areas。You have published five German works，Chinese monograph seven parts，Compiled four types，Translated as four parts，Published more than 100 papers。About translation，You said in the article "China Translation Heavy Disaster Area"，Translation is an extraordinary thing，It can spread ideas，You can also "disrupt the audition"。As a scholar，What kind of translation do you think is a good translation?

Fangwei Regulations:"China Translation Heavy Disaster Area" article，More online uploads，Many people know。The so -called "severe disaster area"，refers to the Chinese translation of Western theoretical works。That was written 10 years ago，The words are more ruthless，The current situation should be improved，I see things translated by many young translator，Still very good。but but，Many viewpoints in the article，Perhaps it has not been out of date。

Students who have been in my class know one of my claims，Some colleagues also know: as far as the language itself，Every sentence written by the big thinkers in the West is clear and clear。As for the depth of it，That's another thing。If you can't read what they said，It must be a problem with translation。So，I let students not torture themselves: Read the Chinese translation of Western on the West，Jump to the place you can't understand，Jump again，Tired of jumping and jumping，No need to read this book。You need to skip some sentences and even paragraphs，The reason is very simple: the translator himself did not understand，How can you understand? Such a translation is definitely not a good translation。

Bet365 app download About "Disroving Trial"，Sometimes we encounter a situation，That is the same foreign language word，There are two different translations in Chinese，I am talking about the difference at the content level。Different translations，In particular, the translation with different meaning，It will inevitably lead to the departure of the translation and the original text，Far in content，directly affects text interpretation and views on the problem，Cause different problems consciousness，Different associations。I just have a short article these two days just published，That is the "self -preface" of a small book "World Literature" that I will publish，The title when it was published alone was "World Literature: Marx、The purpose and abuse of Engels views "，One problem mentioned in the article is related to translation，If you are interested, you can read it。

What kind of translation is a good translation? At this time, I immediately thought of the French novel translated by Fu Lei who had been studying when I was studying，And the theoretical works like "Art Philosophy" he translated，Of course it is a good translation。I will think of Yan Fu's letter、Da、Ya，but it is not easy to do，I often emphasize that some things are not translated。But for cultural exchange，No other method。I think the good translation is determined by the skills of the translator，No other method。

　"China Social Sciences": There are many reasons for translation，Some are purely for translation，Some are translated for academic research。Combined with your translation actuality，What should I think of the relationship between translation and academic research?

Fangwei Regulations:I have done translation，Early translation for translation，Later gradually moved towards academic，is translated for academics。I often refer to Western literature in writing articles，Will do some sporadic translation，That is the small paragraph text I need。If there is already a Chinese translation，Sometimes I use。I often encounter unsatisfactory Chinese translations，Then you have to translate it yourself。I edited "New Editor of Literature Sociology"，About one -third of the classic text is translated for this book，Among them, about half of them are translated to China for the first time。Academic research adoption、Drawing or refuting the views of foreigners，This requires translation，This is the relationship between the two I understand。

I think，Good translation is determined by the skills of the translator，but not satisfactory translations because of lack of skills。Some translations are not well translated，It is likely that the translator turns bilingual dictionary and flip，It took a lot of strength，Too tired，So the translation will also make readers feel tired。Many meanings are not seen in bilingual dictionaries，Besides, we have some bilingual dictionaries in itself。Another，Many of the original texts in the original text are even more difficult to grasp。Of course there are historical knowledge，or the historical semantics of a word。For example，Everyone knows Goethe’s masterpiece "Poetry and True"，or Delai's masterpiece "Experience and Poetry"，I am talking about Chinese translation，In the title of the two works, there are "poems"，The word "dichtung" in German。Is Goethe on poetry? Is Dilai talking about poetry?。And Schiller's famous article "On Poems and Trauma Poems"。That is the meaning of "Dichtung", "POESIE" and "Literatur" of German in Germany one or two hundred years ago to understand。I just throw this topic here，It is likely to write a small article，But this is not a small problem。Just this translation，Many of the Chinese translations in many classic works make people understand。

　　Return: The expectations of Si Chaoxing Exchange

"China Social Sciences": ancient Chinese in ancient China had a bright literary classic，Based on today's context，How do we dig its inherent value?

Fangwei Regulations:This piece of Sinology overseas，Foreigners have done a lot of research in this area，This also gives me the opportunity to contact related questions。For example, an article I just wrote recently，The title is "Defined of Language"，That is the expression possibility of language，This involves the relationship between ancient Chinese or Chinese characters and ancient Chinese literature。Foreign scholars who studied Chinese literature earlier，Many people think that Chinese Chinese characters are more suitable for intuitive image thinking。and，The special structure of Chinese characters and the simplicity of ancient Chinese literature、Simple language expression method，Not only has a profound impact on style and style，It is also related to the aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic habits of the Chinese。A German scholar more than a hundred years ago made a very interesting comparison: in Germany，There are not many people who have read the Song of the Middle Ages or the original text of the religious epic "Savior"; and in China，People with a little knowledge can recite the 3,000 -year -old work。This not only allows people to see our bright ancient literature classics，And can also experience its strong continuation of the current。

Many Chinese scholars like to talk about "true" research，That is "our" "China"，and I think "mine" is more important。Everyone makes "my" things，Only features，It is possible to bloom all flowers。Tell Chinese Stories，First of all，High level，Do it well，Someone will tell us a story，For example, the literary theory of Igldon or Derrida，The literary theory world is telling their story every day。What I want to emphasize is "world" and "communication"，Academic research must gain great development，It is necessary to actively connect with the world，Not academic with non -academic purposes，Not academic with non -academic purposes。If people often levy our research results，Isn't this China's pride? As the performance of Chinese athletes at the Tokyo Olympics，It is also the same principle: take out strength，Evil!

　　"China Social Sciences": as early as 1993，German literary theorist、Advisor of Experience Literature Study, Schmidt, declares，Literary research either becomes part of cultural research，Either it will be completely marginalized。What do you think of Sino -German literature research and reference to each other? What are the current status and urgent problems in Chinese literature research?

Fangwei Regulations:Schmidt said，It's just a family say。About the similarities and similarities about Sino -German literature research，We may be able to examine the similarities and similarities between the two people who do the same subject，The overall is difficult。but but，I can probably say，In terms of philosophical literary research and criticism，China and Germany seem to be a bit different，That is a philosophical question。Another，Like the same literature，Whether it is criticism or research，If the practitioners do not write for themselves，It is not written for readers，Then it has lost life after it produces，At least short -lived。I oppose an academic bee、Great Leap Forward。

As far as my literary majors are concerned,，China since reform and opening up，Perhaps more than any country in the world to translate Western literature theory，Bring great changes to teaching and research of literary theory。Our scholar or graduate student's interest in Western philosophy，Even scholars and students who specialize in philosophy，Of course, there must be no deeper research。Our graduate students may know the theory of them better than the school students in the West，This also provides a lot of Bet365 app download questions for Shuobo papers。However, these years，I found that their papers are getting more and more difficult，No matter how many theories are not enough, China ’s universal army came to study。As far as the macro level，There is a problem with the tension of introduction theory here。The tension I understand，The possibility of the use of theory，Change of thinking methods or trigger a new way of thinking，And we do more is just the theoretical conversion。Coupled with the time that students really use in the writing of thesis are not enough，or the original paper design is problematic，Open the question for the opening question，It is even more difficult to write in the end。

　　"China Social Sciences": For these phenomena and existing problems，What other projects are you currently carried out or engaged in research?

Fangwei Regulations:I said earlier，What I do is more complicated，and I always feel that there are endless things。One of the important reasons for the ending is，Some people often come to the draft，Sometimes it is not a discipline。From one subject to another，Not only is the active intermittent on hand at hand，Do you have to do it carefully，Afraid of experts joke，Fortunately。Many people who are engaged in research in a certain field like to do a small series，Take a topic you have done to write for you，It was a relatively difficult topic，He told you to write popular points，And there must be a large space，This dare not allow more promises。

Of course，I am currently most interested in concept history research，From time to time, I will find that some scholars know a little about a problem and even the phenomenon of rumors，The phenomenon of unclear concepts is often visible，For example, can the German "Dichtung" just said can be translated into the question of "poem"。For these problems，I have to distinguish it when I write an article，Otherwise, I can't write down。I have always read an article that I am writing or going to publish，Reading while explaining，Analysis of concept is one of them。

The major project of the National Social Science Fund I hosted "Early Western Chinese Literature History Compilation and its influence research" is still in progress，End immediately。And the "image science" translation collection I have long planned，More people participating in the translation，It's almost done now，Hope to be available soon。Another，There are also two books edited by foreigners，I am also writing。