【Bet365 app download ]The latest personal cognitive research no longer regards the mind as breaking away from the body，It is believed that the mental process must depend on contact with the external environment、Physical process of phase effect。In view of the theoretical framework of body cognition，Scientific Psychology has accommodated and integrated humanistic thinking containing historical rationality and practical rationality，To explain the explanation between the third person and the first person psychology，Provides a new concept full of possibilities。

Generally speaking，Human rationality can be roughly divided into logical rationality、Historical rationality and moral rationality。Western civilization is longer than logical rationality，Chinese civilization is longer than historical rationality，and Chinese and Western civilizations have their own characteristics in morality。The characteristic of logical reason is that logical interpretation is abstract，Disclosted from specific time and space，It is beyond the scope of historical rationality，Therefore, it can produce universality、Science of coherence and consistency。Historical rationality is often figurative，Relying on the actual historical process，Is in history、No alternation and continuing understanding。Moral rationality is formed and established on the basis of moral practice，And can only be reflected in moral practice，So，Moral rationality and practical rationality are often considered to be one of the two。Breeding science on the basis of logical rationality，Moral and historical rationality formed a humanistic。

Before the Renaissance，The rationality in the West does not exist in the so -called humanistic and science division。For example，In Greek civilization，Different philosophical genres such as philosophy and natural philosophy of concepts，The science of modern meaning has not produced。to the Middle Ages，Philosophy as the niece of theology，Only for God rather than human services，​​But many philosophers are trying to prove that God exists，Still adhere to logic rationality。It is because of the persistence of formal logic，Only from the Middle Ages of Greece to the Renaissance Western rational connection。When logical rationality is no longer serving God，but when serving the person itself，It gradually differentizes the living environment of the explorer、"material science" based on objects as the object (such as astronomy cosmic、Geographical Geological Oceanology、bet365 live casino games mechanics and chemistry, etc.)，and "human learning" with people and people as the object of thinking (such as moral ethics、Political Economy、Anthropology、History、Consciousness, emotion, etc.)。"physical" finally evolved into a science in the modern sense，Each branch of science is standing on a third party position that eliminates the subjectivity of researchers，Follow the objective principles of observation and experiments, as well as the form logic of the form of mathematics and interpretation reasoning。Thinking of these two standards、Theory and theory are not science。"People Learning" stood on the first person's standpoint，Taking people's subjective experience in the province as the main thinking path，As a result, it lacks a logical basis for interpretation and reasoning like "physical"，Although it still follows the logic of inductive reasoning。But inductive reasoning does not have full name characteristics，Therefore, "human learning" has experienced the process of continuous self -denial，Gradually evolved into what people call today。Humanities and science constitute the two pillars of the most basic human knowledge building today。

　　Science and Humanities of Western Psychology

After the psychology is independent from philosophy，Its development has always been pulled by two rational forces of science and humanities。German vonte is recognized as the pioneer of scientific psychology。The scientific observation laboratory he has established，Strictly separate the researchers from the researcher (usually tested)，By placing psychological phenomena under controllable conditions，Forced the subject to answer the question of the experiment，This makes psychology converts the perspective of the first -person research perspective in the province to a third -person perspective。The history of Western psychology for more than 140 years tells us，Scientific psychology always occupies the mainstream position，Psychological Physics、Compared with psychology、Structuralism and functional psychology、Format Tower Psychology、Comemism psychology、Cognitive Psychology、Cognitive neuroscience, etc., constitutes bet365 best casino games the scientific paradigm of psychology in turn。Today，The scientific psychology of the third person's perspective further gives us such knowledge，is under specific experimental control conditions，What kind of special experience or experience type does the "others" appear as a third party and the physiological biochemical structure and operation mechanism behind the experience behind their experience。

But the human psychology of the first person's perspective，It has never Bet365 app download been reduced to the end of the side branch that can be ignored，The impact of their impact on human society and spiritual life is far exceeding the scientific psychology，Because humanistic psychology has been inspired and promoted human self -reflection and exploration of the meaning of life。First -person psychology insisted on thinking，A person's psychology is by no means mechanical、Analysis、Restore and Decision，Everyone has the overall experience of "self"，Being able to pursue personal freedom in the inner world，Even the irrationality of people is also a reasonable existence。Psychoanalysis psychology that has not been included in the scientific psychology category、Humanism psychology、Existentialist psychology, etc.，There are a lot of fans inside and outside the field of psychology。For example，Freud's "unconscious" and personality structure theory，Maslow's needs of hierarchical theory and the highest life goal of "self -realization"，Schopenhauer's "The Will of Life" and Nietzsche's "Will Will" have greatly impact on the development of modern human civilization。so that in the eyes of the layman，The psychoanalysis of Freud and Jung and other people and the existentialism that is promoted by postmodernity is equal to the psychology of the 20th century。

The brilliant achievements of science in modern human history，Instead, it increasingly breeds an irrational belief of a scientific and omnipotent religion，Tools that have become increasingly alienated into science and technology products in the information and biotechnology era，Lost the value and meaning of human self -existence。The "Scientific War" broke out in the West in the late 20th century，reflects the fierce resistance of the humanistic discipline on "scientific hegemony"。Humanities in the West criticized sharply，Modern scientific knowledge is not absolutely objective、General、The only correct knowledge system; scientists' research activities are not completely objective and fair。So，The important task of humanities is to save human beings from scientific superstition。The two parties finally reached a compromise，That is, they recognize together，Science culture and humanistic culture are also human spirit creation，Each has its own reasonableness and living space。On the one hand，Humanities with insufficient basic training of natural science should fully respect natural scientific knowledge; on the other hand，Scientists should carefully listen to the voice from scholars from the humanities，Get the true and profound thoughts about science and technology promoting human survival and development。Since then, the development Bet365 lotto review and popular postmodernist thoughts have a huge impact on Western contemporary humanistic psychology，After the Westerners have experienced and realized the limitations and deficiencies of modernization，Try to seek a new breakthrough and new direction for psychology in the competition of humanities and science。

　　Science and Humanities of Chinese Psychology

Chinese civilization bred the historical and practical rationality of the Chinese people，Pure scientific psychology has not grown in such soils。But there are many norms and guidance behaviors in the traditional rationality of the Chinese and the psychological concept of guiding interpersonal relationships。Especially since the introduction of Chinese culture in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Southern Dynasties，Scholars' interest in "Heart" is increasing。Entry of Confucianism and Taoism、The principles of birth and the world are condensed above the human "heart"，So that Wang Yangming's rational thinking was crowned with "Heart Study"。Chinese Psychology, especially humanistic psychology, should find more from the "heart" of traditional Chinese culture。

Since the psychology as a system knowledge has been entered since China，Chinese Psychology has been standing on the side of science psychology。One of the important reasons is，The first generation of Chinese psychologists have experience in studying in the West，Zeng Shi ’s scientific psychologist from Western countries after the independence of psychology。So，Most psychologists in my country have learned and inherited bet365 best casino games the scientific paradigm，Belief scientific and rational is the only way to study psychological phenomena。And the successor they trained several generations of Chinese psychologists have always continued this tradition，Persist in the century -old history of Chinese psychology research in the research of scientific spirit and follow the application science method。Of course，This also caused such a situation to a certain extent，That is, researchers "do Chinese in daily life，But it becomes Westerners during research "，Because researchers are deeply trapped in the theoretical framework of Western psychology，Instead。

Of course，Psychology of Western Humanities also play an important role in China。The 1950s and 1960s，Soviet psychology theory based on Marxist philosophy has had a significant impact on Chinese psychology。and since the 1980s，Western psychoanalysis、Humanism psychology、Existentialism and postmodern psychology have successively harvested a large number of believers in my country。For example，After nearly 30 years of communication，The above -mentioned human psychology theory not only survives in the subject system，More practical workers Bet365 app download have been cultivated outside the system。Humanities Psychology In the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and 2020, the two nationwide psychological assistance processes of the new crown pneumonia epidemic，It shows that psychology is soothing people、Pick up the positive role of confidence。Therefore，If the scale and social influence of the employees，Humanities Psychology is already the same as scientific psychology，Contemporary Chinese Psychology has entered a historical stage with obvious differentiation of science and humanistic psychology。

　　Where the development of psychology is facing

So，Where will the psychology of science and humanities be parallel? This obviously has become a major question that psychologists need to think carefully。Science psychology has been deeply integrated with biology and computer science in the West，more and more dependence on the development of technology; while humanistic psychology is based on the logic of the development of Western civilization，embarked on a postmodern road that emphasizes individualism culture。Post -modern scholars mostly emphasize that "negative", "elimination" and "decomposition" all existing theories，To explore and construct the future in various value orientation dialogue。

Chinese Psychology is firmly unable to continue copying the theory of moving Westerners。On the one hand，Science psychology still maintains a dominant position in the Chinese psychology community，Fund funding policies and scientific research units in the system encourage orientation，All are guiding the researchers to be closer to the closer of brain neuroma。On the other hand，my country's culture still emphasizes family、clan、Group、Overall interests of units and society。So，The post -modern "deconstruction" thought of the West will be difficult to become one of the main options for the development direction of my country's humanistic psychology during the future。

The full integration of logical rationality and historical rationality and practical rationality may be a possible way out to the future。An important development of contemporary scientific psychology is to adopt a third -person perspective，Transfer the direction of the inquiry from the external observation behavior of the person to the nature and cognitive process of the wisdom of the "black box" center inside the person，This has generated cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience for studying the problems of brain function and mechanism。But both of them slowly exposed a limitation that people criticized as "offline" cognitive mechanisms，They make cognition a just depend on the brain nerves、isolated phenomenon of cognition for cognition。Science psychology attempts to get rid of such limitations。The latest "body cognition" bet365 best casino games research no longer regards the mind (including human mind) as something that is separated from the body，The mental process must depend on contact with the external environment、Physical process of phase effect。Low -level perception activities are for direct action，and can be enhanced and enhanced in the event; and the advanced cognitive process (such as memory、Thinking、Language, etc.) is also to form an action intention、Action planning and results appearance，Evolution and development due to action results。The ultimate purpose of cognition is to guide the organic body to act effectively，Effective physical action is for individuals and ethnic groups to better survive and reproduce。

So，Consciousness is not only produced inside our psychology，It is doing things in us、During the process of actively interacting with the world; any positive interaction between people and the world，It will inevitably occur in a specific history、Social and cultural environment。Such a personal cognitive theoretical framework developed based on logical rational psychology，There is a lot of unprepared places with the theory of the essential and prescribed theory of Marx Engels。Practice of people in special social history，I am not the "first person" me and the "third person" others in the material、Is the process of interaction in social and cultural history? Obviously，Scientific Psychology has accommodated and integrated humanistic thinking containing historical rationality and practical rationality，To explain the explanation between the third person and the first person psychology，Provides a new concept full of possibilities。Of course, this implies a new direction of the future development of psychology。

Actually，Contemporary Western psychologists not only do post -modern thinking，Reflection in the direction of inspiration。These reflections do not try to "decompose everything"，Instead, try to think about and reconstruct the essence of people's mind at a large time scale。Murphy, a psychologist Murphy, once concluded: "One foot of social psychology is on the basis of experimental science，and the other foot is in the ups and downs of social change。"" Social psychology is not only so，The entire psychological research is the same。European psychologist Icho thinks after reviewing the history of psychology，In the various elements of the discipline of psychology，Accumulation of facts、Solution of Questions、In summary and explanation of different cases, they are just supporting actors，The real power comes from society、Politics and economic factors。Psychological development should fully consider historical rationality and practical rationality to explore and think about psychological representation、The role played during psychology such as cognitive process and interpersonal relationship，instead of a scientific interpretation of psychological phenomena based on logical rationality，Otherwise, psychology can only be a "mechanical、Static and one -sided psychology "psychology。Actually，The changes in bet365 best casino games the scientific paradigm of psychology just show，Scientific development itself is also historic and practical。

Chinese psychology in the new era must really seize the opportunity of the present。On the one hand，To continue to learn and learn from American psychology、European psychology and even Soviet psychology，Grave the experience of science and humanities suitable for Chinese national conditions.。On the other hand，It is necessary to excavate and draw the humanistic wisdom of the ancestor from the Chinese excellent traditional culture，Let the logical rationality that the West is good at and the unique historical rationality and practical rationality of China is in the future development of Chinese psychology，Pack a scientific psychology and humanistic psychology mutual support、The road of innovation promoted with each other。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)