Whether in the professional field of psychology，Still in the field of popular science，When we use the word "psychology" in the sense of the subject，Later, the word "science" is often followed。It seems that we need to constantly emphasize to the outside world，Also hinted to us: psychology is a science。But this excessive emphasis is sometimes a bit funny。First，Physics worshiped by psychology、Chemistry and other disciplines rarely use expressions such as "physical science" or "chemistry science"，Because they represent science，No need to emphasize。If psychology is science，This is purely synonymous and repeated。If the psychology is not completely scientific，So this expression may have some misleading。Next，Not all psychologists use this expression to know what the word "science" he uses in the sense。Because the word "science" is used in different contexts，It expresses different meanings。Even from the perspective of the knowledge of intellectual output，Still different meanings。

From a broad sense，or the "science" in the sense of the Germans，It contains a wide range of。Just like the science understood by Feng Te，Including myths、Language and art, inside。Husserl even thinks，Only philosophy is strict science。In a narrow sense,，is the "science" in the sense of Americans，It mainly emphasizes natural science。But without further distinguishing the concept of "science"，Experimental psychologists generally take it for granted that the word science is enough to give some unconscious legitimacy to the knowledge of psychology; science means quantitative analysis and manipulation experiments; science means far from philosophical speculation。So，This classic expression is in the textbooks of psychology: "1879，Psychology is separated from the constraints of philosophy and become an independent science。"This sentence implies three points:" Since psychology and philosophy, two knives are broken，This discipline grew up; philosophy once dragged psychology; and philosophy may be ‘anti -flutter’ at any time in the future，‘pull back’ psychology to the level bet365 live casino games of speculation。So，This is what contemporary psychologists should be vigilant。”

In fact, the relationship between psychology and philosophy is not the case.

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When we say "psychology becomes independent science because of the bondage of philosophy"，In the subconsciousness, such assumptions have been implied: we need a non -philosophical sense，but psychology in the sense of modern experience。Actually，It implies the blind "scientific complex" here (the goal of psychology is to become science like physics) and "philosophical taboos" (psychology must not "fall" as philosophy)。Because it seems that only "science" can give this emerging discipline the legitimacy of knowledge。

So，In human society，Is there some knowledge areas，They have never pursued the status of "science"，But is it still of great significance to us? Of course there is，For example, poetry、Novel、Myth、Painting、Sculpture、Music、Classical Literature ... These areas have never pursued "science" status，But the value of their existence has never been questioned。Dested，Psychology was originally facing the choice that can be taken into consideration but some people can only choose one of them: it is to know humans itself，still to make it a science。If these two options are really unseen，Where should we go? In fact, you have to answer this question，Just take a step back: Why do we need a psychology? Is it to know us?，The psychology that they are regarded as "non -mainstream" are even "pseudo -psychology"; most people choose the latter，They claim to be "mainstream"、Experimental、Science psychology。

When psychology was born more than a hundred years ago，There are two standards for the definition of science: first，Standards for empiricalism，Scientific knowledge must be able to prove or falsify，The concept of science must be able to be operated; second，Standards for rationalism，Scientific knowledge must be based on precise measurement and mathematics deduction。These two standards are still psychologically worshiped as Guiyi，So psychological experiment、Psychological statistics、Curriculum and technology in psychological measurement is regarded as the "core" of psychology。Advocating these two standards has no problems，The problem is that the effectiveness Bet365 lotto review of the mainstream experimental psychology developed according to these two standards is very small。In the list of new academicians in China，Psychology and other natural sciences are different;，Few winners with "psychological results"。Then we don’t look at the results，Can you just look at the process? Have we form a theoretical system that belongs to the psychology itself、Axioms、Method System、Concept system? Open the theory of psychology，In addition to a lot of "psychological effects"，There are not many who can be called "the law of psychology" (and basically half a century ago)，It is even more demanding to construct the theoretical system -because in the eyes of experimental psychologists，"Theory" is similar to "Philosophy"，and philosophy is what they want to stay away，Otherwise, I am not a "scientist"。For some psychologists，Reporting p & lt; 0.05 seems to mean research on research。They seem to ignore the most important characteristics of science: eventually form a complete theoretical system。I don’t know，The essence of scientists is not a craftsman，Not an experimental，but a thinker (given the context that often uses "science and technology" in China，This topic needs to be discussed separately)。We go back to the history of natural science to see，From Newton to Einstein，All scientists who can be called "a great scientist who greatly promotes a certain discipline"，Does anyone have no systematic theoretical discussion about this discipline? But in the current psychological community，Famous、Unlikely，Study、No theory，There is a paper、Many people who have no system are here。Some self -claiming school、Created the theoretical psychologist，The presets of their ontology of the subject、Methodology Innovation、Innovation of application technology，Where is the innovation of the concept system? If you are insisting, write them into the history of psychology，How to refine their "thought"?

In fact，After the independence of psychology，Never stay away from philosophy。

On the one hand，Currently being regarded by mainstream psychologists as the "science" standard，It was raised by philosophers -because this topic belongs to the "scientific division" question in scientific philosophy。We usually think that judgment psychology Bet365 app download is the criteria of science -confirmation of experience、Verification for pseudo、The concepts of operating definition have their philosophical origin，It can be said that it is the contribution of a philosopher。The perspective confirmed by the experience is based on the logic empiricalism in scientific philosophy，The perspective of verifying the pseudo -proven from the point of view of the scientific philosopher Poper，Operating definition is affected by logical empiricalism in scientific philosophy。Further talk，Even the contribution of philosophers even to the issue of science and non -scientific trading。Based on the relationship between psychology and philosophy does not understand，This situation appeared in psychology: in the "Speaking of" Pseudo -Psychology "in the psychology community，The author opposes the point of view of other philosophers from the perspective of philosopher Poper，and tell everyone how "philosophical contemplation" is "useless"，How "Ideal" is "worthless"。

On the other hand，From the academic process of the founders of those psychology，It can not be seen that their psychological contribution is far from philosophy。Feng Te was a professor of philosophy who had received strict medical and physiological training。Burentano has done a lot of foundation work for later mainstream philosophy -the birth of phenomenology，The psychology of the humanistic orientation has laid the basis of the philosophical foundation。Freud is also a maverick who has received strict medical training and embarked on the road of humanistic psychology，The basis for explanation for the methodology of human psychology。James has received chemistry and physiology training，James has received chemistry and physiology training。Back to history，We can't see any trace of psychology away from philosophy。opposite，All scholars who have made significant contributions to psychology，There are often systematic theoretical discussions，For example, Freud、Jung、Piajie、Vigsky，Even the behaviorism and cognitive psychology of the most experimental psychologists，There are also a lot of theoretical discussions。More importantly，In these works，They discussed a large number of psychological philosophical problems。Bet365 app download For example，Skinner systematically discussed the issue of the relationship between decision theory and free will、Self -question。This can be seen，The discipline independence of psychology has nothing to do with whether it is far from philosophy，opposite，Psychology has always maintained a very close contact with philosophy。

　　Look at the basic theory of psychology from the philosophical level

in the country，The mainstream experimental psychology "successfully" "away" philosophy。Specific performance as，Books in psychological methods，The philosophical foundation that basically did not involve methodology before (have changed in recent years); in the course system of psychological students，There are not many courses that can offer "psychological philosophy" (or "theoretical psychology"); psychology scientific research projects，If you want to involve theoretical problems，Disciplinary declaration of philosophy is more appropriate than going to the discipline of psychology。Psychology Declaration of the National Social Science Fund is generally in sociology or ethnicology，Declaration of Natural Science Fund is generally in life sciences，and none of these channels will reserve space for psychological philosophical problems。

In sharp contrast to it is，The most worshiped psychologist、Physics that best shows its natural scientific attributes is not like this。Every year the National Natural Science Foundation of China has the application channel for the "Special Fund for theoretical Physics"，Explore philosophical problems in physics。Physicists will feel，First -class physics discipline requires philosophical support，First -class physicists need to explore philosophy problems，You need to be like time、Space and other issues to expand "essential" discussion，They will not think this is a meaningless "empty talk"。

Physics as a symbol of natural science，never stay away from philosophy。Psychology，A new discipline trying to become a natural sciences like physics，mainstream experimental psychology tried to stay away from philosophy，Is its subject development "almost"?

mainstream experimental psychologists try to stay away from philosophy，An important reason is，Do they not understand what the philosophy is。They think，Philosophy is "Xuan Si on the Hand -in Chair"，is "useless imagination"bet365 best casino games 。What is philosophy? This is not a question that can be made clear in a few words。But at least for specific experience disciplines，According to Professor Sun Zhengzheng's point of view，Philosophy lies in "Criticism of the prerequisite for theoretical thinking"。So，Does psychology need "criticism"? "Criticism" mentioned here，refers to the basic concept of psychology、Proposition、Theoretical system，You need to continuously carry out "reflection and review" from the philosophical level。Why does it need to be reviewed? Because any specific discipline，In addition to philosophy，When expressing the point of view，I will unconsciously、Unconsciously implied a lot of indispensable philosophy presets，These philosophy presets can not be confirmed，Can't be falsified，It is even difficult to define。but，These compulsory、unconditional philosophy preset，But the boundaries have been defined for these theoretical expressions，If our inference exceeds these boundaries，So，The original reliable knowledge system lost its foundation，"Science" becomes "superstition"。So，in mathematics、Physics、Chemistry，There will be some axioms that do not need to be proved，or the assumption that is self -explanatory。For example，In Newtonian mechanics system，The preset of time passes evenly、Uniform distribution of space，This is a common sense preset，Only within the scope of this preset，Newtonian mechanical system is valid，Once this range is exceeded，New scientific system is needed。Einstein surpasses Newton's premise premium，Discuss the change of time and space，So I proposed the theory of relativity。Similarly，The study of psychology is the same。For example，In a psychological method system，"The small probability incident will not happen" constitutes one of the prerequisites for psychological statistics，"Psychological phenomenon must have its own quantity，Quantity can be measured "constitutes a prerequisite for psychological measurement。According to the standard of "scientific psychology"，These two presets cannot be "confirmed"，These two presets cannot be "confirmed"。But in actual operation，Because the premise of these "theoretical issues" bet365 Play online games presets lack of systematic reflection and criticism，p & lt; 0.05 becomes the golden family jade law of psychological research。A psychological phenomenon cannot be quantitative analysis for the time being "unscientific"，This is obviously inappropriate。

Any discipline，Including natural sciences such as physics，Can't leave the philosophy observation of philosophy during its development。Because of any experience science，Its most basic concept、Proposition、Axioms，All rooted in philosophy。The development of psychology，Discussion on its basic theoretical preset from the philosophical level，Instead, you need to keep returning basic theoretical problems，To view the original intention and future direction of the discipline。

　　(This article is the theoretical root of psychological discipline division crisis and the philosophical basic research of the discipline of psychology disciplines "(18bzx048) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University)