Chen Yuan (1880-1972)，Famous historian，In History Literature、Yuan Shi、Religious History and other fields have profound accomplishments，In the early 20th century, it was considered to be two historians who were arrogant to the West with Wang Guowei，Also known as Chen Yinque as the "North and South Chen Chen" in the historical world。Compared to Chen Yinque's comprehensive use of modern comparative linguistics，Chen Yuan is generally considered to be a scholar who is relatively traditional by historical methods。But actually，If Chen Yuan was placed in the modern transformation of Chinese academics since the new period of the Wuwu Wei，can be found，His academic continuation ancient and modern，Methods of sorting out traditional historical literature、pioneering new historios areas，Consciousness with modern academic pursuit。

　　Bet365 lotto review

Develop Chinese academic，It is the general ambition of Chinese scholars in the early 20th century，Modern Chinese historian Chen Yuan is one of the representatives。According to Zheng Tianping's memories，About 1923，Chen Yuan said: "Now Chinese and foreign scholars talk about Han Xue，Not to say how to Paris，That is to say how to Japan，No mention of China。We should recapture the Sinology Center，Rack Beijing。"Similar if you are similar，Chen Yuan's students like a statement、Weng Dujian listened to him repeatedly on different occasions。

The sense of mission to recapture the Sinology Center is mainly from two points，First, the loss of Chinese literature is serious，Dunhuang cultural bet365 best casino games relics and Mozhu Library as a large end; the second is the rise of western sinology。Chen Yinque's proposed，Since its spontaneous discovery of cultural relics in Dunhuang，Japan、France、British contributions，"Scholars of our country，Its writings are listed in the forests of Dunhuang's works in the world，Only three people "。Therefore，At that time, there was "Dunhuang，Sad history of my country's academic sadness。Chen Yuan was compiled into a catalog for more than 8,000 axis gates in the Beiping Library in 1924，Named "Dunhuang Robbery Yu Lu"，Published in 1930。About the title of "Robbery"，Some friends persuade Chen Yuan，Is this two words too "exciting"，Chen Yuan said, "The use of the words of the other looting Yu has not yet explained our anger，How can it be changed! "

Shen Yishi also expressed distress on the Chinese academic place in the world at that time: "With such a magnificent richness in Chinese antiquities，Chinese people cannot play a biglight，Fighting in the world academic circles，This non -extremely sad thing! "1929，Chen Yinque has "Groups to east of the nation's history，Divine Scholars' shame to die。In the same year，Chen Yuan in a speech entitled "The Organization of Chinese Historical Materials"，There are also extremely similar sighs: "Contrary to，If we do n’t come to sort out ourselves，I'm afraid I will soon，Burning and burning，But the outsiders have been more than 庖 庖 庖 庖 庖，That is our shame。"to early 20th century，Systems finishing Chinese learning, including history, becomes a common mission of scholars。It can be said，Chen Yuan's modern academic consciousness and sense of mission，It is mainly due to national self -esteem in the background of modern history。

　　Method of the road to the road

Bet365 lotto review The consolidation of the State Movement of the State Studies of Peking University has driven the modern transformation of humanistic and academics such as history and religion。As the first batch of mentors of Chinese Studies at Peking University，Chen Yuan also participated in it。1923 "Declaration Declaration" of Peking University's "National Studies Journal" proposed one of the directions of sorting out the country's hometown is to use the system of systematic studies for the system of systematic studies，and proposed the three -step plan of "index", "checkout" and "special history"。In 1929, Chen Yuan delivered a speech entitled "Organization of Chinese Historical Materials" in the modern cultural class of Yanjing University，Almost the countermeasures of the "index" and "checkout" formula。

Chen Yuan emphasizes the compilation of the instrument books such as indexes，He thinks，Whether it is a book、Note、Collection、Book Book Study Preparation or other important books，Both the directory should be prepared，It is best to have a total directory、Sub -volume Directory，plus index。He said，Ancient book Tool Books according to rhyme or class，It is inconvenient to use，Must be improved，Reaching "Elementary students can use it only"。

1925，Chen Yuan completed the two historical reference books: "Twenty History" and "Chinese and Western History Calendar"。Study in the history of Yuan，Chen Yuan is often difficult to calculate the corresponding date in other calendar in history。spring 1922，3207_3224，List the year to list the annual prime minister of the calendar.。Then，He edited the "First Form of the Middle Calendar" and "The First Form of the Western Calendar"。Because the medium calendar must be set up every year，No calendar，About thirty bet365 Play online games years, the two calendars are different for one year，Three years in three hundred years，So Chen Yuan was angry and approved the two thousand years of admission，and refer to other calendar and history books，"Twenty Shisho Tables" compiled from Han to Qing。Back the middle calendar Shuo and the head of the month，Month of the four years of the Western calendar，Creation Table，Then use the calendar and look back at the beginning of the calendar，Fill in the table，Compiled into "Chinese and Western History Calendar"。This，Any day in Chinese and Western back calendars，can be found in the table in the table。Chen Yuan called it "China West Month Card in 2 Thousand Years" and "1350 Years of Western Region Fasting List"。Calculation and design of these two forms，Chen Yuan has five easy manuscripts，Spend four years。But he thinks，This is worthwhile，"It's very fine，The wise man is not，However, it is not possible to use it in the end。Yu Zhi's disappointment，矣 矣，How dare to speak "。

Chen Yuan talked about in his speech，The machine can already replace artificial typing prints，But I can't read it for people，"Although we can not read us with a machine，How can we improve reading as much as possible，Materials for sorting out research，Make the most economical and the highest performance，As we can not build a railway in China now，You can build a road like a road first。I am going to say today，This is the method of building a road road "。For Chen Yuan，Index New Tables and other tools like "machine"，"Efficacy" that can improve research，It is equivalent to search engines in the previous computer era，Although it cannot be compared with today，But it also greatly improves the efficiency of research，It is undoubtedly a modern pursuit。

　　The "checkout" practice of historical literature

The Qing Dynasty was the prosperity of the classics，Scholarship results excellent，But until Chen Yuan，Only the system summary of the traditional science of Chinese collation ourselves，That is the four methods for survey。A pair of school method: Read the ancestor of the same book or do not read，There are differences in the encounter，It is noted by it; two school laws: Mutual testimony with this book，and pick it different，The fallacy is directly;、Books of descendants and books at the same time; Four School Laws: In the basis of no ancient basis，or several mutual differences，When confused，Specialized knowledge can be used to verify。These four methods，It is also proposed on the basis of "fully summarizing the achievements of the previous achievements"。The school law is a summary of Liu Xiangxiang in the Han Dynasty; the law of this school summarizes the method of Wu Xiang's "New Tang Book Rectification" and Wang Huizu's "Yuan Shi Ben Certificate"; 》、Cen Jiangong's method engraved with the theory of "Old Tang Book Survey";、Wang Niansun、Method of Qian Daxin。Chen Yuan inherited a lot from Qianjia scholars，He has purchased the books of Qianjia scholars、Manuscript、Reading notes and theory of science hand，Study Wang Nian Sun's "Guangya Shu"、Some manuscripts of Qian Daxin's "Two History Examinations"，How do they write a book，How to modify，Replace the quoted information again and then change，As a result, the method of learning and book books。

Calling Four Methods，It can be said that it is Chen Yuan's checkout process of collation，and pioneered the collation of historical documents，"Yuan Dianzhang School Supplementary Explanation" is a masterpiece in this area。Chen Yuan's 12,000 Bet365 app download errors checked in the "Yuan Dian"，Pick out 1,200 pieces，Classified cases of historical book collation，Write as the book。Hu Shi commented on this book. "It is the first great job in Chinese collation，It can also be said that it is the first time the Chinese collation is on the scientific road "。1956 Chinese Book Company redefined，Chen Yuan renamed it "Survey Explanation"。Class survey is Chinese traditional academic，But the crown is "learned"，It is only available in modern times。Chen Yuan offers a classification course in teaching，and renamed the book to "Survey Explanation Example"，Explain that Chen Yuan has a concluding traditional academic method，Modern Academic Consciousness for the direction of Chinese history research to develop the direction of collation。

In terms of literature，Chen Yuan also summarized China's historical taboo learning，Writing with "History Taboo Examples"。In addition，He is studying in the directory、Version Learning、Age of learning and other aspects also have outstanding contributions。Some scholars think，Chen Yuan will "various scattered research methods in the Qing Dynasty，Summarize with scientific methods，to form multiple special studies "，"Established a certain foundation for the study of Chinese historical literature"。

The 1930s，Chen Yuan's disciples mentioned，Teacher Chen is regretful for the underdevelopment of Chinese history，Often said, "Japanese historians send a new work，Non -gun hit my desk "。So，He will work harder to study。His student Liu Naihe more than once listened to him, "Whenever I receive the paper from Japan to study Chinese history，I feel like a bomb throwing on my desk，Inspiration me must catch up with them in historical research。bet365 live casino games "" "，National emotions are driven by Chen Yuan to win academically with Europe and the United States，Summarize traditional academic，Open the motivation of new fields of history。The reason why it can introduce new、Following the past，Based on his profound grasp of traditional Chinese history and the courage to open up new realms based on both China。

(Author Unit: Institute of Qing History of Renmin University of China)