Xu Shuofang (1923-2007)，The famous ancient literature research expert in my country，An important pioneer in ancient opera novel research and the Ming Dynasty literature research。He is the author of "The Miscellaneous Opera", "Tang Xianzu's Chronicles", "On Tang Xianzu and Others", "Tang Xianzu Comment", "Shi Han's Draft", "On the Book of Jin Ping Mei & GT; "The Chronicle of the Wanming Qu Family", "Novels Test", "Xu Shuofang Speaking of Opera", "History of the Ming Dynasty Literature", etc.，Sorting up "Peony Pavilion School Note", "Note of Changsheng Hall", "Complete Works of Tang Xianzu", "Shen Yan Collection"，Edited "" Jin Ping Mei "Collection" "Jinting Mei" Western thesis collection，Another published poem collection "The Year of the Water"、Prose Collection "The United States and Europe Tour", etc.。The above discussion of "Xu Shuo Fang Collection" published by Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House in 1993 (Five Volume)。

Mr. Xu Shuo Fang was born on December 10, 1923，This year is his century birthday。The best way to commemorate a scholar is to learn his academic research results，Discuss his academic research method，For the reference for the latecomers，The academic undertakings that he is engaged in life can be done with all the time。I am the first doctoral student recruited by Mr. Xu，After graduating, I worked around him for more than ten years，I have written a few small texts before，Or introduce Mr. Xu’s academic research experience and achievements，or recalls the bits and pieces of the care of Mr. Mr. Teaching。This article intends to talk about my understanding of Mr. Xu Shuo Fang's academic research characteristics，Express the nostalgia for Mr.。

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Mr. Xu Shuo Fang was admitted to the Chinese Department of the Chinese Department of Longquan Branch of Zhejiang University in 1943，Turn into English system after one year，The graduation thesis written in English is based on "the subjective and objective of poetry"，Speaking of the long poem "Ring and Book" by British poet Bronin，I believe that its drama poems are "objective poems"，"The Realm of Element" in the "Words and Words of the World" in Wang Guowei is the same as。Experience in the English Department，Make him not only proficient in English，It provides convenience for the use of foreign language materials in future research and communicating with foreign scholars，And has a systematic understanding of the works of European literature，provided a reference system for later engaging in ancient Chinese literature research，This is an advantage of his academic research。

He wrote in 1962、Published in 1978 "Tang Xianzu and Shakespeare"，It is a paper in the field of comparative literature research。Due to the author's life for Shakespeare、Works, etc. have a comprehensive and detailed understanding，Therefore, this article does not have some discussions when comparative literature research becomes a hot ratio when it becomes a popular.，Instead, the social and historical environment and cultural background of Tang Xianzu and Shakespeare, who died in 1616 and Shakespeare, compared，Revealing the reasons for the formation of their different ideas and its significance in the history bet365 live casino games of the development of cultural development of Chinese and Western culture。Mr. Xu's proposal，Tang Xianzu wrote in classical Chinese，Intellectuals facing high literary cultivation; Shakespeare wrote in a passable language at that time，For the market and the public。They don’t die because of the same year，can be regarded as contemporary people。Mr. Xu also noticed that the 20th year of Wanli (1592) Tang Xianzu was on the way to the history of Xu Wendian，Passing bet365 best casino games Zhaoqing，I met Matteo Matteo, the missionaries of the Roman Jesuit，Write "Duanzhou Confucian Western Regions Breaking the Buddha and the Righteousness of Two"，Among them, Tang Xianzu, who expressed as the best intellectual in China at that time, was so blurred in the Western world，Thinking for people。

When reviewing the creative style of "Jin Ping Mei"，The point of view of many thesexes as naturalism，Mr. Xu details the development process of naturalism in European literature history represented by Zira and its basic characteristics，It is pointed out that "Jin Ping Mei" is full of exaggerated distortion、A sensational sex description，Naturalism who pursue the authenticity of details rarely has common things。

　　Based on literature as the basic historical facts test and art analysis, it complements the literature

Mr. Xu Shuo Fang engaged in ancient literary research is out of love for literature and art，But from entering the field of academic research，That is, strictly follow the laws of scientific research，Based on literature，No subjective preferences and imagination replace historical facts and logic。His "Tang Xianzu Chronicles" and even the entire "The Chronicle of the Wan Mingqu Family", "The Complete Works of Tang Xianzu", "Shi Han's Draft", and "Novel Test", etc.，All belong to literature research works，The main part of his academic achievements。They not only laid a solid historical foundation for his related research，It also provides convenience for further research in the academic community。

1962，It is still a lecturer Xu, a lecturer of the Chinese Department of the Chinese Department who has just entered the year，Suddenly received a letter from Beijing People's Literature Publishing House，Make him write "History of Literature of the Ming Dynasty"。Mr. Xu calm down immediately after "excitement"，It is believed that "writing the history of literature should read all the works of all writers during the compilation period.。The editor has the right to decide who does not write to the history of literature，But you must read his work carefully in advance。Reviews are unavoidable for incorrectness，But it must be your own view "。He proposed，"There is a common problem with the history of Chinese literature or the history of literature written by all famous artists: the writer did not read all the works he discussed before writing，Otherwise, under the popularity of the editor，Some mistakes are impossible "。According to this "Learning of the front car"，Mr. Xu proposed truthfully，His Hangzhou where he is located to find all information required for compilation books。Press is very enthusiastic，Borrowing a variety of good books and texts from each library，Send it to Mr. Xu with a registered mail。Mr. Xu reads "Japanese and Night"，Organize various information，After a period of time, I feel "getting a lot and seeing the vast"，Hypertension，and suspected of coronary heart disease。Later，Mr. Xu will give about 50,000 words from high to the first seven sons to the relevant personnel of the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Because they are writing multiple volumes of "History of Chinese Literature"。Until nearly eighty -year，Mr. Xu does not wait when I feel it，Only writing "History of Ming Dynasty Literature" for the fourth time。

As mentioned earlier，Mr. Xu Shuo Fang emphasized that data collection and research work is very important，But this is not all the research work，It is fundamentally served for research work。The main task of literary research，Still the inherent intention and artistic skills of literary works，For the appreciation and reference for contemporaries。Mr. Xu is particularly good at based on the literature test and text reading，Personality in literary works、The exquisiteness of psychological emotions and artistic expression is made by the analysis bet365 Play online games of Kenzhong。Analysis is lively and lively，Different concepts of boring，also includes the history of literature、In -depth thinking of the history of thought，Can guide readers to fully appreciate the beauty of literary classics，Bring deep inspiration to readers。

　　Combination of empirical research with macro theory

Mr. Xu Shuo Fang made a detailed inspection of the life of dozens of late Ming opera artists such as Tang Xianzu，Discussion on the process and ideological connotation of many important works in ancient Chinese opera novels，History of ancient Chinese novels、History of opera、All important aspects of the history of literature in the Ming Dynasty have done special research，I made a series of important opinions。

"South Opera" as the oldest mature opera style in China，It has long been considered to originate in Wenzhou。There are records of "Wenzhou Opera" and "Yongjia Miscellaneous Drama" in some documents。Mr. Xu's "The Creation and Book of South Opera from the Early Pass" and its sequel "The Artistic Features of the South Opera and its popular region"，No literature has been found to have a specific acoustic accent，Saying southern opera originated from Wenzhou's lack of convincing evidence; South Opera starts from the vast Southeast folk region including Wenzhou，Wenzhou is just one of the earliest popular areas of Nan opera。

Time about the rise of miscellaneous dramas，Wang Guowei's "Song and Yuan Opera Examination" divides the development of Yuan Zi Drama into three issues，And think most、Pingyang and Hangzhou are the central areas of three development stages，This view has been regarded as conclusion for a long time。Mr. Xu's "Re -Aware of the Golden Yuan Miscellaneous Drama" and other articles from investigating the story of the existing mixed drama script and track、The place name appeared、Official name and historical facts、Wang Shifu's life and the creation age of "West Chamber" and "Li Chun Tang", etc.，Research with 21 miscellaneous drama works with the golden generation as the background or the mark with the life of the golden generation，There are 38 kinds of mixed drama works (at least one of them) with Kaifeng as the background，Wang Shifu should be the golden generation，"West Chamber" and "Li Chuntang" are all made in Jin Dynasty。So，The "miscellaneous drama" as one of the most important forms of opera in ancient China should originate from the golden (Song) generation，Kaifeng is also one of the centers in the development of miscellaneous dramas，"Yuan Miscellaneous Drama" should be renamed "Gold (Song) Yuan Miscellaneous Drama"。

The boundary between "South Opera" and "Legend"，Mr. "On Pipa" and other articles that the fundamental difference between "South Opera" and "Legend" is that the former is a cumulative collective creation of generations，The latter is the creation or adaptation of the literati，Other different attributes of the two are generated by this。"Pipa" adapted from Gaoming at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty has belonged to "Legend"，and the Ming Xuande drama "Liu Xibi Jin Ji Ji", "Cai Boju" unearthed in Chaozhou, Guangdong in 1975, still belongs to "South Opera"。

About the situation of Nan opera and miscellaneous dramas in the Ming Dynasty，Mr. proposed，What people usually call "Song and Yuan Nan Opera" is actually not limited to Song Yuan，Folk South Drama has not declined throughout the Ming Dynasty，Creation and performances are continuing at the same scale，Just due to the rise of the legend of literati，It lost its former monopoly position and made people mistakenly think it was declining。The creation and performances of the mixed drama in the Ming Dynasty are not as cold as people think。If the records of the poems concentrated in the rolling of the Ming Dynasty are scattered, it is difficult to leave a deep impression on the record.，So the frequent opera performances described or mentioned in the novel Bet365 app download "Jin Ping Mei" in the middle and late Ming Dynasty and late Ming Dynasty are enough to wake people up，They are all miscellaneous dramas and southern dramas，or even ancient drama，No word mentioned Kunqiang。Even if you occasionally mentioned Suzhou Lingren，They are also "sea salt children"。

Mr. Xu proposed based on a large amount of literature and materials: Kunshan cavity stands out from the southern opera，Rate to the country's first drama，Its time is much later than what people have so far.。At the same time，Even in the last year of Wanli，Haiyan cavity、Puyang cavity, etc. Not only did not sound in various places，Even in Suzhou, the birthplace of Kunshan cavity，Sometimes they can still compete with Kunshan cavity for a day long。The situation of their coexistence in the competition may last for one or two hundred years。The same opera can be performed by Kunshan cavity，can also be performed by other dramas，At most simple adaptability, deletion, deletion, adaptation。The so -called "soup sinking dispute" problem related to this。After a detailed investigation of the relevant people and things, Mr. Tang and Shen never confront them directly，Opinions have conveyed through common friends Sun Rufa and Lu Yichang。"Dang Shen's dispute" is the friction caused by the development of the southern opera from a variety of sound cavity to the unique development of Kunqiang.，It appears in the history of late Ming opera. It has some certainty。

Mr. Xu's "The Chronicle of the Wan Ming Song Family" outlines the life experience of 39 opera artists，An important basic project of ancient Chinese literature research。When he basically completed the test of the life of the operaists，One comprehensive、stereo、Dynamic late Ming opera scrolls are clearly displayed in front of us: Wanming operaists are Suzhou、Zhejiang best，Anhui、Ganci，Obviously several communities。This phenomenon accurately reflects the South Opera at that time、The geographical distribution of the legendary popular area and the song writer。

About the author and creative time of "Jin Ping Mei"。People have always believed that "Jin Ping Mei" is the first novel created by the writer's personal creation，Spend a lot of energy to explore the author。Mr. Xu thinks after a long -term research and believes，"Jin Ping Mei" preliminary published title "Jin Ping Mei Words"，The so -called words are words，It includes speaking and singing，This indicates that "Jin Ping Mei" also experienced a process of long -term circulation in the folk in the form of words (words)，It is likely to be a branch that is independent of the story of the story of "Water Margin" in the long -term spread。He thinks，"Jin Ping Mei" also belongs to the accumulated collective creation of generations。

Writer for ancient Chinese opera novels、On the basis of a lot of in -depth and meticulous case research，Mr. is committed to overall observation and theoretical summary of the formation and development of ancient Chinese opera novels。He thinks，Ancient Chinese Opera Novels and West Different，There is a unique history of growth and development。One of its features is the long -term of opera and novels，Rely on each other，Forest the relationship。So，Novel research and opera research must be combined。You can testify the opera novel，You can also permit novels。Only know one，I don't know the two，It's almost impossible。

Mr. Xu pointed out，Another attractive phenomenon of the development history of ancient Chinese opera novels，There are quite a lot of works in the book.、Rap -up artists and folk unknown writers have passed on the hand for generations，Only the literati finally wrote it。Many researchers acknowledge that these works are the accumulated collective creation of generations，On the other hand, I am used to treating them as personal creation。For example, the ideas of works such as "Three Kingdoms bet365 best casino games Popular Performance" and "Water Margin" and other works、The achievements of artistic achievements are all attributed to Luo Guanzhong、Schneider and others name，And these works are ideological tendencies、Structure、Language in language and other aspects must also be responsible for them; he spent a lot of energy to take the test of Shi Nae、The life of Wu Chengen and others，strives to find out the connection between their personal experience and works; when taking the interrelationship of each version of the works of each opera novel，Some people say that a certain version comes from another version，Some people put forward the opposite arguments; researchers often hold a certain version as "ancient" and "original"，and strongly derogate other versions, etc.。This indicates，Theoretically accepted the view of "Cumulative Collective Creation of Generations" in theory is one thing，It is another thing to implement it in specific studies。

The theory of "Cumulative Cumulative Cultivation of Generations" is raised to the height of the important laws bet365 live casino games of the development of ancient Chinese opera novels，Through the inspection of novels such as "The Three Kingdoms Popular Performance", "Water Margin", "The Biography of Ping Demon", "Journey to the West", "Fengshen Romance", etc.，Make a more systematic demonstration of this theory，Use this rule，In turn, many important issues and important links in the history and important links of Chinese opera novels are discussed.。He pointed out，The above -mentioned cumulative collective created works mentioned above have been basically set up before the last writing，They include many talented talents of previous generations、Rap -up artists and folk unknown writers' ideas and aesthetic fun，Therefore, it is more typical in reflecting the ancient Chinese social and cultural forms。The role of the final writer of these works is actually quite limited。This kind of work is finalized in the folk in a variety of forms，Various mutations in the process of circulation。Later, there are different versions of the opera novel works compiled and published by literati and book vendors。The printed on the printed first is not necessarily the closest to its original face，After finishing the publishing, it may also be based on some kind of history that has a long history and even older sources.，There is not necessarily a linear source relationship between them。Since many works have actually been in the process of change for a long time，So the earliest version is not necessarily the best version，The versions of the post -emergence should not be due to their changes to the previous versions.。These insights of Mr. Xu have important theoretical significance for the research of ancient opera novels。

　The fundamental mission of using innovation as an academic research

Mr. thinks that the real academic theory must be innovative，Real scholars must write about the discussion that others have never written or even cannot even write。No new opinion on the discussion，Even if there is no error，No value。Based on certain materials、After a certain thinking、The discussion of putting forward a certain new insight，Even if it is not perfect，It may even be proven to be wrong，But they have caused further exploration of academic circles，It also has a certain meaning。Mr. Xu never write narrative、Introduction、Popular articles and books，Each article strives to make a clear point of view。Discussion on my early years，With the discovery of new materials and in -depth thinking，Also revised，Some articles have been rewritten。

Adhere to innovation, you cannot blindly obey authority。Mr.'s work never invite others to write prefaces，He believes that the author himself is the author himself。April 8, 1956，He published "What kind of opera is the Pipa" in the "Guangming Daily" supplement，Affirm that this script ’s important position in the history bet365 live casino games of the development of Chinese opera and its profound influence on the creation of later generations，At the same time, it is emphasized that its basic tendency is to promote feudal morality。Summer of the same year，He was invited to participate in the "Pipa" seminar organized by the Chinese Drama Association，Fully clarify your opinions，Cause strong response，"Master General" who was named the "Negative School"。Experts from the participating experts affirm the majority of "Pipa Ji"，Most of them are well -known scholars，Some are Mr. Xu Shuofang’s teacher，Mr. Xu was still a 33 -year -old young lecturer at the time。But he was before he was really persuaded，Never change your point of view。

This original intention is also fully reflected when Mr. Tang Xianzu's Poetry Collection Chronicle School "is also fully reflected。This kind of independence is not leaning、Seeking truth from facts、The spirit of striving for innovation，Can be described as the fundamental spirit of Mr. Xu Shuo Fang's academic research。This spirit has basically formed and revealed at the beginning of his academic research，Since then, he has been running through his decades of academic research activities，It is the inner spiritual force of Mr. Xu Shuofang's academic research to achieve fruitful results。

from "point" to "line" to "face"

long -term planning for academic research

The academic research work of Mr. Xu Shuofang，It is both an interest as the lead、The process of the inner logic of the research object naturally advances，It also includes subjective sufficient academic consciousness and deep consideration，This is another important reason he has achieved outstanding academic achievements。The planning and design of a scholar's academic road，Although it is just a technical factor，But the impact of the success or failure of its academic research work and the achievements of achievements are huge，In this regard, Mr. Xu Shuofang set up a model for us，He took a road from "point" to "line" to "face"。He first followed classic works such as "West Chamber" and "Pipa Ji"，Preliminary attempts for scattered theoretical criticism research。Generally speaking，This is an essential in the starting stage of a scholar。Then，He turns to empirical research，Focus on the important "point"，Write "Tang Xianzu Chronicle"、Compiled "Tang Xianzu's Poetry Collection", etc.，The "point" of Tang Xianzu to the research of ancient opera novels and the "line" and "surface" of Ming Dynasty literature，I did a lot of case research，Theoretical research and literature sort out merger，Finally launched the integrated results "The Chronicle of the Well Ming Song Family" and "History of the Ming Dynasty Literature"。

As far as the Chronicle of the Wan Ming Song Family "is concerned，Its successful advent is also related to Mr. Xu's careful planning。This book is one of the masterpieces of Mr. Xu Shuofang，Also his long -length work in his writings。It derived from "The Chronicle of Tang Xianzu"，The whole book can be said to be an extension of the latter to a certain extent。Mr. Xu when choosing this project and design framework system，Inspiration from his teacher Mr. Xia Chengzhang's "Chronicle of the Tang and Song Dynasties" and British scholar Qian Bi Shi "British Drama in Elizabeth" and other discussions。From "Tang Xianzu's Chronicles" to "The Chronicle of the Wan Ming Qu Family"，The research and the overall study of the case formed a perfect combination: in -depth research on a iconic writer's work set a benchmark for studying the works of contemporary writers; the comprehensive research on the works of contemporary writers is also for research iconic writers for research writers. The work provides more observation dimensions。

There are many people in the opera in the late Ming opera，"The Chronicle of the Wan Ming Qu Family" chooses 39，Mainly consider feasibility，At this point，bet365 Play online games Mr. Xu is inspired by Tolstoy again。"Tolstoy told a story: the riders was allowed to gallop at random on the earth，As long as you finally return to the place，The land in the circle can be all belonging to him，The land in the circle can be all belonging to him，Make the route he passed forming a complete encirclement circle，He will have nothing to gain。The ending of the story is that the riding ambition is too great and fails to achieve。"Mr. Xu remember" Learning of Rider "，Fighter yourself "The range cannot be expanded infinitely，Otherwise, it will become a bunch of waste paper "。The book is reasonable to design，Get successfully completed，This is undoubtedly an academic research must be open、A typical example of being able to open up Chinese and foreign。

　　Logic strict text is beautiful

Mr. Xu Shuo Fang's academic theory is beautiful，Unique among many ancient literature research，Acoustic peers in the academic industry，This constitutes another distinctive feature of his academic research。Mr. Xu repeatedly emphasized，Literature researchers should pay attention to writing，"Literature papers are also literature after all，Although it writes like Lu Ji "Wen Fu", it is more than luxury，But at least it must be smooth from the word，Make people happy to see "。 Researchers should have a certain writing experience，"If you have no creative experience，and the female yellow to ancient or modern writers，That will only remind people of the military theorist of Zhuge Liang "。He created a new collection of poems "The Year of the Water" and the collection of prose "The United States and Europe"，The richness of its love、Skills of Penso，Very amazing。Only a small poem "Untitled" he wrote at the age of seventy years old is just as an example: "Happiness is like a bird in the palm，Feel her body temperature and throbbing across the hair。Don't think that the ancient well can't afford ripples，The slender reed is facing the storm。”

Mr. Xu’s research is not only based on、Strict logic，And the word is fine、Sentence -style lively jumping，It is like a cloud flow，Frequent metaphors with the finishing touch。Mr. Xu has received traditional education and English education，Have a maverick personality，His style is basically not contaminated with eight -strand cavity，No pan -empty talk、nonsense、Word，No rigid sentence，There is often a shadow of English sentences behind，Rarely use "、Di、get、、、Passing "virtual words，Basically, no "for、Perform Sentences and the like。Seemingly easy but hardship，Mr. Xu can do this，Of course, it is related to his talent endowment and educational experience，It is also the result of his painstaking business scrutiny。

　(The author is the director of the Chinese Ancient Literature Research Center of Peking University、Professor)