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■ Li Zhenche's interviewee/Picture

There is no modern mode set in the world，There is no accurate modernization standard for the seas of seas.。In recent decades，China and South Korea have explored modern roads with their own characteristics，The two countries have bid farewell to the backwardness and poverty since modern times，ushered in a period of prosperity。The characteristics and causes of modernization roads for China and South Korea，Our reporter interviewed Bai Yongrui, a professor at the Department of History at the School of Humanities of Yanshi University in South Korea and Li Zhenche, Professor of Political Foreign Diplomacy Department of Seoul University。

　　Korean modernization has typical features of East Asian model

　　"China Social Sciences":What are the characteristics of the modernization process of South Korea? What are the factors to promote Korean modernization?

　　Bai Yongrui:South Korea's modernization process is not much different from other non -Western countries。South Korea implemented industrialization in the 1960s，Democraticization of parallel after 1987。While achieving high economic growth，Regional、Classification gaps are increasingly larger，Social contradictions gradually appear。

　　Li Zhenche:Korean modernization is one of the typical East Asian models。Relying on the post -issuing industrialization relying on the government's strong intervention，Through the exchange rate、Interest rate、Price and other market intervention and price intervention，The country has successfully regulated the order of investment，These are the reasons for the success of industrialization。Korean people are used to savings，High folk savings rate，Based on this cultural psychological factors，Investment incentive system，Allowing enterprises to obtain a loan equivalent to several times their own assets，Therefore, the rapid development of the enterprise。other，Compared with the method of reducing actual salary by strengthening the competition of the labor market，South Korea used to reduce the labor cost of production links，A variety of methods have been adopted to reduce labor expenditure，As a result, competitive production goals。This process accompanies many invisible anti -market measures，belonging to the government -led development model。The 1990s，With the end of the Cold War、Economic Globalization，South Korea began to gradually transform into the current development mode。

　　Reform and opening up promotes China's modernization process

　　"China Social Sciences":After reform and opening up，China has achieved rapid economic growth，How to view the modernization process of China during this period?

　　Bai Yongrui:The important feature of the modernization of China is the combination of socialist construction experience from 1949-1978，Pursue changes in step -by -step。Specifically，In the mid -1960s to the early 1970s，China's economic development is not stable，Compared with Japan and South Korea, which are also in East Asian countries，More backward。1978，China's implementation of reform and opening up policy，Open the road of unprecedented economic growth in a short period of time，This was the result of the Chinese government at that time in response to the development of global economic development。

　　Li Zhenche:China's modernization is a modernization of the socialist market economy system，It is a huge test of socialist and market economy system。The original planned economic system is controlled by price control -type macro system、Planning resource allocation system and micro business mechanism centered on state -owned enterprises。Reform and opening up has opened a grand reform process for the planned economic system，This has created the amazing development results in human history。Of course，During the reform and opening up,，The imbalance of development and income gaps generated by the area generated，Need to attract attention，How to better solve this problem will become an important direction of the Chinese government in the future。

　　Sino -South Korea modernization has a common point

　　"China Social Sciences":What is the common process of the modernization of China and South Korea? How to explain these things in common?

　　Bai Yongrui:The modernization process between China and South Korea has a lot of common things，But I want to emphasize an external characteristic and an internal feature。

First is the external feature of the change of world economic order，The re -adjustment Bet365 app download of the world economic order provides favorable conditions for the modernization of the two countries。Since the 1970s，World Capitalism is facing crisis。Due to the slowing production growth of Western Europe，inevitably leads to the reorganization of global economic order and the expansion of the global economic scale。At the same time，The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe did not adapt to the influence of the world economic structural adjustment (that is, the globalization of new liberalism) to a certain extent.。Compared with it，China, which has gradually implemented reform and opening up，Compliance with the trend of globalization, gradually becoming a new world manufacturing base。other，The regional characteristics of East Asia's economic development cannot be ignored。"Four Little Dragons in Asia" (Korea、Singapore、Taiwan, China、Hong Kong, China) East Asian Emerging Industrial Economic Zone，Become a huge production consumer market，China has also strengthened extensive contact with the world market due to geographical advantages。

The 1960s，After the establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Japan，Enter the regional vertical division of labor in Japan，The material basis that has grown into one of East Asia's emerging industrial economy areas。So，China and South Korea have the common features that make full use of external conditions to independently promote modernization。

The internal characteristics of the modernization process between China and South Korea are the initiative of the people of the two countries。Both countries have a large number of high -education labor for labor，The people of the two countries also have a strong wish to improve their living standards。

　　Li Zhenche:The development model of East Asian countries is due to the external direction of the export leading industry，that is, the attribute of the development path of the external dependency，It is bound to be closely linked to the trend of the rise and fall cycle of the world economy and the flow of world capital。Due to external orientation limitations，South Korea experienced the painful period of the 1997 Asian financial crisis。

Beyond economic factors，The people of the two countries have a certain cultural commonality。In the first half of the 20th century，Both countries have suffered imperialist aggression，This makes the people of the two countries have common historical memory and cultural bonds。other，Different West that prevails with individualism，The people of China and South Korea are more diligent and simple、More collaborative spirit。

　　The government plays a leading role

　　"China Social Sciences":What role does the Chinese and Korean governments play in their respective modernization process? How to view this role?

　　Bai Yongrui:China and South Korea have a common point，That is, the government played a leading role in the process of national modernization。Take China as an example，China's dynamic system has successfully transformed many challenges into resource advantages，The Chinese government's pragmatic governance ability has attracted much attention。Internationally，The governance ability of the Chinese government is called "adaptive Governance"。The characteristics of the Chinese government in the process of modernization，It is the style of continuously promoting the "promotion and grasp" (Push and Seize style，That is, China has resources and abilities that can withstand the changes in objective conditions。As far as South Korea is concerned，The government has also played a key role in promoting the process of modernization。but but，The institutional characteristics of the regular alternation of the president due to political elections，Korean occasionally political confusion。But in addition to the political system，The social movement launched by the people has played an effect on correction and governance errors and offset modern side effects。The vitality of this kind of people's autonomy has been passed down in the form of national and democratic movements since the "Three -1 Movement" in 1919。

Except for these common points and differences，I also want to emphasize the common topic facing the two countries，How the government should respond to the role and influence of the large enterprise that gradually expands the scale in the process of modernization。Especially South Korea, where the government frequently changes,，The influence of oversized enterprises is related to the more political power，Therefore, this problem is even more serious。

　　Li Zhenche:China and South Korea have adopted the government -led economic growth model in the process of modernization。During the development of the two countries，The positive attitude adopted by the government is an important driving force for economic growth。

After China's reform and opening up，Get rid of the traditional planned economy system that is isolated from the world economic system。As a global country，China now has a strong government governance ability and governance mode。In Korea，The government's advancement process of the modernization process，After a long -term duel between the civic society and the government。The Military Government and the Old Elite System quit the historical stage after the duel。Another，Because it has a special relationship with the United States，South Korea is very sensitive to foreign security status，It is more fragile when dealing with the global crisis。