In the past ten years，Through my research on the history of bet365 bonus bets in the Qing Dynasty，Especially for the Qianjia academics represented by Dai Zhen、Study of Thoughts，Refined the philosophical concept of "humanistic positivism"。After completing "Dai Zhen、After the book Qianjia Scholarship and Chinese Culture，I once fell into a dilemma of thought，But when trying to put forward Dai Zhen’s idea of ​​“using characters to understand their words，To understand the meaning through words”，"The meaning of one word，Dangguanqunjing，Six books，Then the linguistic method of “definition”，After applying to the analysis of Lao-Zhuang’s philosophical texts，Gradually formed some basic methods of interpreting the classics。Through the reading of modern Western philosophical hermeneutics，I have a new understanding of the saying "big heart" in Dai Zhen's bet365 bonus bets，The "Confucian Hermeneutics" that believes that his "big heart" reflects the harmony between the ancient sages and the heart of heaven and earth，Beyond the scope of positivism，With obvious characteristics of philosophical hermeneutics，This gave rise to the research impulse to activate Dai Zhen’s hermeneutical thoughts，Expand it into a classical hermeneutic method。Rethinking the literature discussed by fellow Western philosophical researchers on the “relationship between bet365 bonus bets and the history of bet365 bonus bets”，I put forward the research methodology and goal theory of "the history of bet365 bonus bets teaches bet365 bonus bets"。

　　Humanistic bet365 bonus bets

"Humanistic positivism" is a concept constructed by me，It is the abbreviation of "Positivist Method in the Humanities"。The empirical evidence of humanities，means by text、The empirical method of language solves the Chinese subtitles in philosophical texts in the history of bet365 bonus bets、The debate over the semantics of words and sentences，To achieve a relatively accurate interpretation。

　The term "humanistic positivism" is relative to positivism and logical positivism in Western bet365 bonus bets。Positivism requires bet365 bonus bets to be as accurate as science，Logical positivism rejects metaphysics。Humanistic positivism neither wants to make bet365 bonus bets as accurate as the natural sciences，Nor reject metaphysics，But try to grasp the meaning of ancient philosophical texts through philology and linguistics、Semantics，And then grasp the ideas of ancient philosophical texts。

When it comes to some questions about bet365 bonus bets and historical events，Humanistic positivism mainly uses comprehensive textual criticism methods to explore historical facts or truth。

Of course，The "humanistic positivism" method was mainly refined in the process of studying Qianjia scholarship，Therefore it does not necessarily have universal applicability，Not all philosophical problems or problems in the history of bet365 bonus bets can be solved using this method，Only the word about appears、words、When the interpretation of the sentence is disputed，Only humanistic positivism may come in handy。

　　Classical bet365 bonus bets

　The "classical hermeneutics" discussed here，Intended on the basis of Dai Zhen’s hermeneutics of Confucian classics，Relying on the combination of linguistics and "big heart" methods，The hermeneutic method used by Dai Zhen in the process of interpreting the Bible，Widely used in the interpretation process of ancient Chinese classics。The basic content is: 1，Yi Zi Tong Ci，General meaning bet365 bonus bets word，Extensively apply the principles of exegesis to the interpretation process of ancient Chinese classics。

　Second，One word meaning，When it comes to the whole。The "word" here has two meanings。One is the characters as the constituent elements of language，So it mainly involves word meaning analysis and textual research in the lexicographic sense。Two is the word as a philosophical concept，Concepts and categories of Song Confucian bet365 bonus bets as listed in Chen Chun's "Beixi Ziyi"。This is the most important word meaning analysis in classical hermeneutics。Dai Zhen proposed "the meaning of one word" in the process of interpreting the Bible，Dangguanqunjing，Six books，Then it is determined。”In the classical hermeneutics I advocate，"The meaning of one word"，Not limited to group scriptures，It means the whole。"Group Sutra" is certainly a form of "whole"，Or a type of whole，But the extension of the concept of "whole" is far greater than that of "group scriptures"。The texts of "Laozi" and "Zhuangzi" can be regarded as a whole，The "Equality of Things" chapter in "Zhuangzi" can also be regarded as a whole。The pre-Qin Taoist thoughts can also be compared to other schools and later Taoists，Regarded as a "whole"。Therefore，“Wholeness” is an extremely flexible philosophical concept，Any researcher who takes a certain idea as the research object，From a certain time period、School、When starting to study the problem domain，All can be expanded within a certain "whole" scope，This is "should be integrated into the whole"。For example，When we examine the use of the word "Ming" in Taoist works throughout the pre-Qin period，The entire pre-Qin Taoism can be regarded as a "whole"。Of course，The entire pre-Qin philosophers can also be regarded as "whole"，Inspect the use of the word "明"，And then through analysis、Conclude the meaning domain of the word "明"，You can even sort out the meaning structure of the word "明"，And the internal logical order of its various meanings。Key words，"Whole" is the result of the conceptual butterfly of "Group Sutra"，"Group Sutra" is a form of "whole"，But the extension of the concept of "whole" is far greater than that of "group scriptures"，More philosophical generalization and universal applicability。Therefore，The meaning of the word "Jiang Dai Zhen"，Replace the concept of "group of classics" with the concept of "whole" in the hermeneutical proposition of Confucian classics"，This will naturally transform Dai Zhen’s hermeneutic propositions of classics into classical hermeneutic propositions。

　Third，Dai Zhen also put forward the idea of ​​"big heart" in his thoughts on Confucian classics interpretation to reflect the harmony between the ancient sages and the heart of heaven and earth and to serve the people's "moral" heart，And the idea of ​​encountering the heart of the saint hidden in the scriptures with "carefulness"。This kind of hermeneutical thought of "two hearts meeting"，In fact, it can be mutually invented with the "horizon fusion" theory of modern Western philosophical hermeneutics。But Dai Zhen himself did not make specific and clear regulations on "big heart"。In terms of modern bet365 bonus bets’s “general epistemology” (Feng Qi)，"Big heart" includes at least two aspects: first, improving one's cognitive ability。The second is the improvement of ideological realm。Therefore，From the perspective of general epistemology of modern bet365 bonus bets，The “big heart” of classical hermeneutics，That is, improving the cognitive ability and ideological realm of the subject of classic interpretation，With a broad perspective of the history of human civilization，Examine the basic values ​​of human beings and the core values ​​that humans should have in the future，The "big heart" that serves as the subject of the interpreter，Then start from the perspective of good intentions，Contextualize the thoughts in the classics、Modern interpretation，Thus achieving “vision fusion” and “vision expansion”。

　Fourth，Regarding the epistemological tendency involved in Dai Zhen’s hermeneutics of the classics - “There are still some things that are difficult to understand about the classics”，Synthesize it with the idea of ​​"big heart"。I think，Classical hermeneutics should also involve the cross-fusion of knowledge horizons and ideological horizons、The principle of mutual promotion。The demarcation between knowledge and thought is relative，Also absolute。Not all knowledge is thought，But some ideas are humanistic knowledge，A lot of knowledge can also promote the generation and development of ideas，Although they are not thoughts themselves。In the process of classical interpretation，Utilize the expanded vision of thought and knowledge，Can tell a lot of new content，As in the process of research on contemporary Chinese bet365 bonus bets，Phenomenology to Confucian bet365 bonus bets、Taoist bet365 bonus bets or some other bet365 bonus bets，Both said some new ideas。

　That is, the history of bet365 bonus bets teaches bet365 bonus bets

The classical hermeneutics briefly explained above，In fact, it is a methodology that relies on the history of bet365 bonus bets to express new bet365 bonus bets。In the history of modern Chinese bet365 bonus bets, there are two sayings: "according to the explanation" and "continue to explain"，In the process of researching contemporary Chinese bet365 bonus bets，Some scholars further proposed "talk about yourself"，That is, tell your own bet365 bonus bets，Such as general epistemology, "wisdom theory" and "harmony theory"、Ontology of benevolence、Concrete metaphysics、The theory of oneness of all things, etc.。

"That is, the history of bet365 bonus bets teaches bet365 bonus bets"，There are actually two ways。One way is that you have formed a certain philosophical thinking，Prove your own philosophical theory by sorting out the history of bet365 bonus bets。This approach is similar to the "Six Classics Commentary on Me" in ancient Chinese classics。Another way is through the reconstruction of the history of bet365 bonus bets，To reflect your own bet365 bonus bets。Various ways of writing the history of modern and contemporary Chinese bet365 bonus bets，actually embodies the philosophical views of different writers，The positivist tendency reflected in Hu Shi's "Outline of the History of Chinese bet365 bonus bets"，Feng Youlan's two-volume "History of Chinese bet365 bonus bets" reflects Feng's neo-realist ideological tendency。After the founding of New China，Some experts in the history of bet365 bonus bets rely on historical materialism and dialectics，Write the history of Chinese bet365 bonus bets into materialism and idealism、The history of the struggle between dialectics and metaphysics，Reflects the collective philosophical view of Chinese Marxist scholars。This is similar to the method of "I annotate the Six Classics"，But in fact, I use the rewriting of the history of bet365 bonus bets to express my understanding of Chinese bet365 bonus bets。They all may have gained some understanding of some aspects of the "Chinese bet365 bonus bets Master"，However, none of them can be said to have completely grasped Chinese bet365 bonus bets。What I advocate here is “the history of bet365 bonus bets teaches bet365 bonus bets”，Mainly refers to the former，That is, relying on the ideological propositions of classic writers in the history of Chinese bet365 bonus bets，To express new philosophical propositions。As mentioned above，Relying on Dai Zhen’s hermeneutic thoughts and specific principles of Confucian classics，Tell us about contemporary classical hermeneutical thoughts and their new principles。Anyway，Some ancient philosophical propositions，After logical ideological transformation，To express new ideas beyond the scope of ancient philosophical thought，This is the method of “teaching bet365 bonus bets through the history of bet365 bonus bets” that I advocate and continue to pursue。

Actually，The ways of philosophical innovation are diverse。Politician、Philosophical thinking of revolutionaries，These are often new philosophies based on vigorous social revolutionary movements，Marx、Engels、Lenin、This is what leaders such as Mao Zedong are like。But scholars engaged in bet365 bonus bets education in modern universities，They often start from the classics，Combined with practical problems，And talked about some new philosophies，This is the current norm among philosophical workers。For example, Xiong Shili’s "New Consciousness-Only Theory"、Jin Yuelin's "On Tao" etc.。There are also some natural scientists，Especially physics、Chemistry、Scientists in the field of biology，Often also talk about some "scientific bet365 bonus bets" with strong scientific meaning。The artist will speak out some aesthetic ideas - an integral part of bet365 bonus bets。Although "teaching bet365 bonus bets through the history of bet365 bonus bets" is highly professional，Also has considerable limitations，But in order to prevent the study of the history of bet365 bonus bets from becoming an act of endorsing the ancients，“Teaching bet365 bonus bets through the history of bet365 bonus bets” is still a meaningful way of creating bet365 bonus bets。

　(The author is a professor at the School of bet365 bonus bets, Wuhan University、Dean of the Institute for Advanced Studies on Dialogue among Civilizations at Wuhan University)