Psychological Linguistics is the cross -disciplinary discipline of psychology and linguistics，The foundation of its research mainly comes from psychology、Cognitive Science、Theoretical and research methods of linguistics，Mainly explore speech perception and generation、speech understanding、speech communication、Language acquisition、The operating process and operation of the psychological mechanism of the language user, as well as the thinking phenomenon related to all language related to philosophy。

As the third generation of psychological linguistics in the world，Russian psychological linguistics is different from European and American psychological linguistics。It is used as an independent discipline，The establishment of its status began in 1966 to hold the first psychological linguistics seminar in Moscow，The theoretical basis with Russian psychological linguist Leon Jayev's "speech activity theory"。After more than 50 years of development，A relatively complete system has been formed，A large number of psychological language scholars have emerged，Ruang Jayev、Lulia、Fremkina、Zimnia、Kerryko、Rubide Niyi、Kopianko、Kopianko、Petelianke、Soro Jin、Carla Urov、Shme Lov、Ren Jin、Zlevskaya、Tarasov、Uffem Lottery、Sahalne、Ahkinna、Bet365 lotto review Sjirning、Guoli Gold、Grezenko、Marcivana、Barleasikova、Orv Curinskova, etc.，Published a large number of related works，Mainly discuss the psychological linguistics of grammar，Psychological linguistics characteristics of vocabulary semantics with experimental semantic research methods、Research on speech exchanges and text perception、Study on psychological vocabulary and psychological semantics、National Cultural Research on Language Consciousness，The theory of "speech activity" is also used for foreign language teaching，A unique principles of teaching methods formed — the principle of communication、The principle of consciousness、Consider the principles of mother tongue、Principles of response and principle of overall purpose。

Russia's psychological linguistics formed the four major schools with the "speech activity theory" as the mother source: Moscow psychological language school、Teville Psychological Language School、Volne Japan Psychological Language School and St. Petersburg Psychological Linguistics School。Although the four universities factions with homology symbiosis，​​But the research focuses on the differences，The director of the family，greatly enriched the Russian psychological linguistics research，Among them, Moscow's psychological linguistic school is the most powerful，Research history is also the longest。

The establishment of the Moscow Psychological Language School is established by the establishment of the Psychological Language Research Office of the Institute of Linguistics Bet365 app download of the Soviet Academy of Sciences，At that time, the leader was Professor Lien Jayev，The current leaders are Tallasov and Upim Laoswa in the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences。They are the editor -in -chief and executive deputy editor of Russian psychological linguistic journal "Psychological Linguistics" at the same time。Three works published from 1965 to 1967 were signs formed by the theory of speech activity。Speech Activities theory regards all speech activities as motivations、A purposeful conscious activity，Analyze the corresponding purpose when analyzing speech activities、task、communication motivation and language means, etc.。This theory is widely used in various studies in Russia's psychological linguistics。With cognitive psychology、Cognitive Linguistics、The rapid development of artificial intelligence research and other fields，The research scope of psychological linguistics is continuously expanded。Since the 1990s，Moscow Psychological Linguistics School began to conduct a large number of Lenovo experiments，Compilation of Lenovo Dictionary，Construction Lenovo database，Vocabulary Lenovo Fields conducts a Chinese cultural research on the national cultural nature。This school has written a series of dictionaries，For example, "Russian Lenovo Dictionary" (1994-1998)、"Slavic Alex Dictionary" (2004) (2004)、Belarusian、Ukraine and Bulgarian)、"Russian Regional Lenovo Dictionary" (2014) (2014) (this dictionary is divided Bet365 lotto review into three volumes，"Russian Regional Lenovo Dictionary · European District", "Russian Regional Lenovo Dictionary · Ural District" and "Russian Regional Lenovo Dictionary Siberia")。"Russian Lenovo Dictionary" and the traditional "Dictionary" exist in essential differences，If the "Dictionary" edited by linguists is a description of "individual linguistics" linguistic consciousness to a certain extent，Then "Russian Lenovo Dictionary" is the language consciousness describing the "collective daily" of the "collective daily life" of the language reality，In other words，"Russian Lenovo Dictionary" is a more authentic reflection of the real language consciousness of the language community (that is, the nation)。The corpus in "Russian Lenovo Dictionary" can reveal the deep connotation and national cultural characteristics of Russian national language consciousness，At the same time, it can also present the dynamic dynamic of the Russian national language awareness。

The Teville Psychological Linguistics School is based on Teville National University as an academic base，Its leader is Zlevscia，The main point of the school is: all psychological phenomena are functional products of the brain; all psychological functions such as language、Memory、Attention, etc.，Logically there is no isolated phenomenon，but a complex cognitive unity; the person's mental space is built from a complex network。This school mainly studies psychological vocabulary，Posted the Bet365 lotto review perspective of psychological vocabulary as an individual wealth，Vocabulary as one of the products of many psychological processes，It is believed that comprehensive investigation should be performed in combination with the characteristics of language/speech mechanism，The study of this school plays a unique role in modern psychological linguistics。

Volne -Japan Psychological Linguistics School uses Volne Nichu National University as the academic base，Establishment of Volne Japan Psychological Linguistics Association，The main leader is Sjirning。According to the latest statistics in 2019，The reference rate of its papers ranks first in Russian linguists。This school has mainly been described in the psychological linguistic description of vocabulary semantics in language consciousness since 2002，A number of academic conferences of psychological linguistics were held，Published a collection of psychological linguistics academic papers，The main views are: psychological language significance is the psychological reality of vocabulary meaning，Description through psychological linguistics experiments、The real function of the language bearer in the language bearer of the language bearer，The most effective method is free association experiment and directional association experiments。

St. Petersburg Psychological Linguistics School takes St. Petersburg National University as an academic base，The leader is Sahalne，It is mainly based on the "Word Activity Theory" to conduct word -based research，The school believes that when the speaker bet365 Play online games understands the role of the object or the nature of the phenomenon，If no synonymous words are available for specific explanations and explanations，New words will produce in speech activities。Unfortunately，After 1996，With the death of the leader Saharne，The school gradually disappears。Although the school has become history，But it has made an indelible contribution for the Russian psychological linguistic study research for a long time，Its influence is also far -reaching。

The process of Russian psychological linguistics research from speech activities to language consciousness is from the language itself -& gt; teaching practice — & gt; communication -& gt; national cultural research change，Its four university factions are distributed in various linguistic towns in Russia，It seems to be independent of each other，In fact, interconnection，Lay a good foundation for the sustainable development of the Russian psychological linguistics。The language consciousness of its research content from the language itself to the lingee of the language bearer、The overall steering of national culture，Provides a new perspective for psychological linguistics research and even the entire linguistic research，I made positive contributions to the world's psychological linguistics。

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(Author Unit: School of Western Language and Culture, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)