Before the unity of the two virtues，As an important part of its peaceful and unified policy，West Germany (referring to the Federal Germany) economic policy to East Germany (referring to democratic Germany) has been adjusted twice and major adjustments。West Germany always followed and implemented the "one German" principle at that time，Use various economic measures to impose impact on East Germany，Political purpose。Related policies have played a unique and important role in the process of realizing the unity of the two virtues，But there are obvious limitations。

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From the 1950s to the early 1960s，Under the influence of confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union and the power politics of the Adenner government of West Germany，West Germany's economic policy on East Germany is characterized by contradictions: on the one hand，West Germany and East Germany have developed "German internal Trade" (two German trade，including West Berlin)。Related trade activities played a bond function in a special way，Two two parts of Germany's increasingly alienated mutual alienation，This shows the existence of the "economic unity" in Germany; at the same time，"Internal Trade in Germany" is also used to ensure the economic security and independence of West Berlin，and political influence on East Germany。

On the other hand，The Adenner government has set up many restrictions in this "German internal trade"，Especially during the Cold War orgasm period against steel、Hard coal and other industrial materials and resources implement trade restrictions or embargo。，"Internal Trade in Germany" is sometimes regarded as a weapon for pressure on East Germany。

Since the mid -to -late 1960s，With its economic strength rapidly enhanced and peaceful and unified policy is becoming more pragmatic，West Germany Bet365 lotto review began to attach importance to ease political confrontation between the two German economic and trade cooperation。Therefore，West Germany actively lifted some restrictions on "internal trade in Germany"。West Germany's economic policy on East Germany also changed from the negative mode of "both cooperation and restrictions" to the positive mode of "promoting alignment with cooperation"。

　1969-1989: Promoting ease of cooperation

In the early 1970s，With the ease of the US -Soviet relations，The West German government has begun to take more gentleness on East Germany、Reason、Positive policy。In the "Basic Treaty of the Relationship between the German Federal Republic and the Democratic Republic of Germany" signed in 1972，Although West Germany only recognizes the existence of East Germany，But did not touch the principle of its "one German"，The particularity of "Internal Trade in Germany" has been retained。That's it，"Internal Trade in Germany" continues to maintain the economic unity of Germany，At the same time, the problem of unified Germany maintains publicity。After that，West Germany's economic policy on East Germany not only shows active features，and also become the core component of its "approximate transformation" policy。

During this period，West Germany passes "German internal trade"、No interest -free loan、Government guarantee loan、Non -commercial fiscal payment and other ways，Strengthen the communication network between the two virtues，Improve the traffic status between the two virtues，Promote the mutual visits between the people between the two and Germany，To deepen the national identity of the two virtues。The special need to pay attention is，No interest -free loan, while promoting the further development of "internal trade in Germany"，It also prompted East Germany to relax part of the restrictions on the relationship between the two German personnel。In 1974, the two Germany decided to renew the "Past -Invasion Loan Agreement"，Improve the interest -free loan amount，East Germany's repayment，Forced to except for the compulsory exchange obligation to bet365 live casino games visit the retirees of West Germany。

In the early 1980s，After the outbreak of the European "Guide Crisis"，Two -German relations turn straight down。The negative impact of the relationship between the crisis on the crisis，West Germany provided a government guarantee loan of nearly 2 billion West Germany to East Germany，This not only improves the two virtues that are caught in the freezing point，and to a certain extent eased the European situation，It also prompted East Germany to further relax the traffic for the two German travel、Control of personnel exchanges。，West Germany also pays hundreds of millions of West Demark's transit fees to East Germany every year、Mail delivery fee、Post management fee、Communication fee，and road construction fees、Use fee and improvement fee, etc.。At this time，West Germany's economic policy for East Germany has organized a close combination of two virtues with the promotion of the European alleviating process，For the future Germany unification, it has continuously created and accumulated favorable internal and external conditions。

　　1989-1990: Uniformly promoted unity

The late 1980s and early 1980s，A series of profound changes in socialist countries in Eastern Europe。At this time，West Germany fully rely on the opportunity of the collapse of the Eastern European drama and the collapse of the "Berlin Wall"，With strong economic strength，A "offensive" economic policy has been adopted to East Germany。

November 1989，Without communicating with Western allies in advance，The West Germany government quickly threw out the "Ten points to eliminate Germany and Europe"，Broken the horn of launching a unified offensive。After that，West Germany targets East Germany's internal and external distress、The real dilemma of isolation and helplessness and the urgent demand for economic assistance，Start with economic aid of additional political conditions as lever，Promote East Germany to completely carry out political and economic system reforms。At this time, West Germany is not satisfied with economic bet365 live casino games means in exchange for some politics of East Germany，Its target points to the unity of Germany。

March 1990，East Germany held a parliamentary election period，Then the Prime Minister of West Germany, in order to help the German Alliance with the East German League win the victory，Not only does it provide a lot of manpower、material and financial support，And 6 times to East Germany to participate in the selection。During the selection period，Kor also uses economic assistance as a bait，Follow the support of East German voters。With the German Alliance, I was selected to be on power，The unified internal obstacles of Germany are also basically cleared。Subsequent，The Corlon government also pays a huge economic price，Make concessions on the key two virtues exchange schemes，The salary of the citizen of East Germany、Pension、All kinds of rents are redeemed by 1: 1，The exchange standard for personal deposits and cash is 14 years old and below.，15 to 59 -year -old citizens 4000 West Germany，60 and above citizens 6000 West Germany，The part of the limit can be redeemed at 2: 1。Other debt or settlement amount will be redeemed at 2: 1。This exchange plan basically meets the requirements of the people of East Germany，The two virtues also quickly reached the "Currency、National Treaty of Economic and Social Union。This has paved the road for the subsequent unity of the two virtues。West Germany has also played a role in unified leverage for East Germany。

　Fighting in a unique role in peace and unity

Performance of West Germany's development and evolution of East Germany's economic policy，We can see clearly，This policy always focuses on the peace reunification of Germany。In the 1950s and 1960s，Although West Germany implemented a tough policy on East Germany，Reject political contact with the latter，But West Germany is willing to establish and maintain lasting economic connection with East Germany。West Germany always regards "German internal trade" as a domestic trade，Tariffs not levied on goods from East Germany。At the same Bet365 app download time，West Germany also strives to promote the international community in the form of legal and politics，Acknowledge the particularity of "German internal trade"。

Although West Germany has taken some restrictions on "German internal trade"，But I have never completely interrupted "German internal trade"，Even when the climax of the Cold War- "Berlin Wall" was established。Obviously，West Germany is unwilling to abandon this important link that maintains the two parts of Germany。Another，West Germany participates in and develops "internal trade in Germany" more to achieve political purposes。This point，We can see some clues from the proportion of "German internal trade" to the total foreign trade in both Germany and Germany。"Internal Trade in Germany" in its existence for more than 40 years，The average proportion of the total foreign trade in West Germany is less than 2%，Compared with it，The average proportion of the total foreign trade in East Germany is about 10%。

The early 1970s to the end of the 1980s，The relationship between the two virtues has achieved normalization。This period，West Germany's economic policy on East Germany focuses on the use of economic means to further closer the two German relations，Expand the exchanges between the two German personnel，To strengthen the sense of national identity that is increasingly diluted。Under the influence of West Germany's economic benefit policy，1970 "Internal Trade in Germany" was 4.6 billion westmark，In 1988, it increased to 14.1 billion West Mark。Visitors from West Germany to East Germany 1970 were 1.25 million，In 1988 to 5.55 million。East German visitors to West Germany were 1.05 million in 1970，In 1988 to 6.74 million。The number of telephone lines between the two virtues in 1970 was only 74，The number of calls for the whole year is 700,000 times。The number of telephone lines between the two virtues in 1970 was only 74，The number of calls in the whole year rose to 40 million times。1975 to 1988，The average annual amount of letters from West Germany to East Germany is about 74 million seals，The average annual package volume Bet365 app download is about 26 million pieces，The average annual amount of letters sent from East Germany to West Germany is about 98 million seals，The average annual package volume is about 9.3 million pieces。These play a role in enhancing the sense of national identity of the two virtues play an incredible role。"Berlin Wall" collapsed，The West Germany government uses the strong national emotion and unified requirements of the people，Make full use of the favorable international situation and strong economic strength，Finally promoted the unity of Germany。

To sum up，West Germany relies on its strong economic strength，Temptation of the East German government and the public with material interests，Let them accept West Germany's policy proposition，Raise the recognition of East Germany's recognition of West Germany，The foundation laid the foundation for the unity of the two virtues led by West Germany。West Germany's economic policy to East Germany，It played an important role in the process of unified Germany。This is particularly reflected in ensuring that West Berlin Economy、Politics、Road traffic safety and independence，Keep the German problem openness，Highlight the special nature of the relationship between the two virtues，Strengthen two German personnel、Cultural communication，Enhance the common consciousness of the nation，Promoting East German Economy、Changes in political and social structures。With the changes in the relationship between the two virtues，West Germany's characteristics of East Germany's economic policy have also changed from negative to positive，and then transform into a unified offensive，Finally promoted the peaceful unity of Germany。

It is worth noting that，Although the relevant economic policy has promoted the unification of the two virtues in politics，But it is also a "universal key"。The cracks between the east and west parts of Germany still exist，The integration process has not yet been completed。Although the gap between the two parties is constantly narrowing，But the difference is still very significant。Due to the difficulty bet365 best casino games of economic transition in eastern Germany，There is a significant gap in the level of economic development in both parties，Social security level has not been pulled，It also leads to a large psychological gap in the public。Therefore，There is still a long way to go to achieve "real unity" in Germany.。

　(This article is the State Social Science Foundation Project "Federal Germany's Economic Policy Research on Democratic Germany (1949-1900)" (16CSS029) phased results)

(Author Unit: Institute of World History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)