The bet365 sign up bonus code supervisory commissioner system has practical value in promoting the development and progress of the traditional bet365 sign up bonus code supervision system。Overview of the evolution and development of foreign bet365 sign up bonus code supervision systems、Features and Functions、Patterns and practices，It can be found that it has the characteristics and functions to adapt to the capitalist political system，But in the face of the continuous changes and diversified development of world politics，Also exposed its own shortcomings and shortcomings。

　Distinctive characteristics formed in long-term bet365 sign up bonus code

bet365 sign up bonus code system is an important supplement and innovative development to the traditional administrative supervision system。bet365 sign up bonus code system is usually provided for by the constitution、Adjustment of special laws、Enacted and implemented by the legislative body。Within the scope of authority stipulated in the Constitution，bet365 sign up bonus code has the power to independently investigate and supervise illegal and improper administrative behaviors of government departments complained by the public，It is a relatively mature and relatively special supervision model and system。

The development of bet365 sign up bonus code system over more than 200 years is mainly divided into three stages。The first stage is the gestation and formation period from the 18th to the 19th century。bet365 sign up bonus code system originated in Sweden。The second stage is the initial development period from the early 20th century to the 1950s。bet365 sign up bonus code system gradually spreads from Sweden to Finland、Denmark。The third stage is the period of rapid development from the 1960s to the present。Relevant systems have begun to develop rapidly around the world，The emergence of the British Parliamentary Administrative Ombudsman、French Mediator、German Ombudsman、Public Defense Commissioner of Spain、Greece’s administrative commissioner and other systems。

Foreign bet365 sign up bonus code systems generally have the following characteristics。

First, it has high authority。Administrative Ombudsmen are mostly senior officials elected by parliament or appointed by the heads of administrative agencies，Has high authority。Although companies and industry associations in some countries have also established similar systems，But because the person concerned is not appointed by the parliament or the head of government，Cannot be included in the category of bet365 sign up bonus code。

The second is to have strong independence。bet365 sign up bonus code exercises his powers independently，Can be exempted from administrative agencies、Judiciary、Party power、Social organization、Influence and interference of interest groups or other organizations。To prevent it from being dominated and restricted by administrative agencies or relevant departments，Generally，Budget funds of bet365 sign up bonus code、Staff establishment, etc. are all independently approved by the parliament。Foreign administrative ombudsmen generally implement a term system，Unless there is serious bad behavior such as violation of law or discipline or moral corruption，Or be removed by a collective vote of the parliament，bet365 sign up bonus code shall not be dismissed during his term of office。

The third is the specificity of qualifications。Western countries, especially the United Kingdom, pay more attention to the personal moral character and social reputation of administrative ombudsmen，And they are required to have rich administrative work experience and high-level administrative business capabilities。The staff of bet365 sign up bonus code system generally come from the legal profession and government agencies，Strongly specific in terms of qualifications。

The fourth is the broadness of the scope of authority。bet365 sign up bonus code mainly supervises the administrative behavior of administrative agencies and their staff，Will also be extended to public enterprises and other public organizations，Administrative ombudsmen in a few countries will also sue the courts、Procuratorate for supervision。bet365 sign up bonus code accepts complaints from the public against illegal administrative behaviors of administrative agencies and their staff，Also accepts complaints about unreasonable or improper administrative behavior。The working methods of bet365 sign up bonus code are flexible and diverse，Can directly accept complaints from the public，You can also proactively launch an investigation based on the clues of the case。

The fifth is the compulsory exercise of power。bet365 sign up bonus code has the right to enter all offices of government agencies and departments or other public institutions to conduct investigations and collect evidence，Request the relevant departments to provide the required records and documents。When professional technical knowledge or complex complaints are involved，bet365 sign up bonus code has the right to request relevant experts to provide necessary support，Even ordered the police to intervene in the investigation。

Sixth, the effectiveness of treatment measures。bet365 sign up bonus code has considerable authority and effectiveness in handling the cases under investigation。If his opinions and suggestions are not fully valued and adopted，bet365 sign up bonus code can report to either the head of the executive agency or the legislative body，Also to all relevant administrative agencies、Results of public investigation and processing by news media and the public，Forcing relevant agencies to take measures to solve the problem。

　　Has unique value orientation and typical operating mode

The rise and widespread acceptance of bet365 sign up bonus code system is mainly due to its unique value orientation and functions。The Swedish Parliament initially set up bet365 sign up bonus code for two purposes: one is to supervise public administration and judicial practice；The second is to ensure that citizens’ basic rights and freedoms are protected from infringement by public administration。bet365 sign up bonus code system gradually has three major functions in the development process: First, the administrative dispute resolution function，Mainly refers to the fact that bet365 sign up bonus code can use non-judicial means to resolve administrative disputes between administrative agencies and ordinary citizens；The second is to improve the function of the rule of law，Mainly refers to the way the Ombudsman restricts government power，Make up for the judicial system’s lack of restraint on administrative power，Improving the rule of law；The third function is to protect human rights，Mainly refers to bet365 sign up bonus code providing timely relief to ordinary citizens，Protect the relevant rights of citizens。

The foreign bet365 sign up bonus code system mainly has the following three typical operating modes。

　First，Administrative supervision model within representative agencies。The supervisory agency established within the representative body is called the Parliamentary bet365 sign up bonus code。Sweden requires an bet365 sign up bonus code to be elected from the parliament，Representing Parliament in supervising administrative agencies and officials，Can also investigate complaints against courts and public administration agencies。

Second，bet365 sign up bonus code supervision model within bet365 sign up bonus code agencies。Many countries exercise bet365 sign up bonus code supervision functions by setting up bet365 sign up bonus code supervision agencies within bet365 sign up bonus code agencies。This model belongs to the government’s internal supervision mechanism，Is the enforcement of laws against bet365 sign up bonus code agencies and their staff、Supervise regulations and the decisions they make，Promote the improvement of government bet365 sign up bonus code efficiency，Investigate and punish civil servants’ illegal and disciplinary behavior。The main countries that adopt this model are the United States、Japan, etc.。

　Third，bet365 sign up bonus code supervision model integrating supervision and review。In this mode，bet365 sign up bonus code supervision and audit supervision are an organic system，The two cooperate with each other。Supervisory agencies often involve economic issues when investigating and handling cases of violations of laws and disciplines committed by national public officials，Need assistance from the audit department。Based on this，South Korea、Poland and other countries have combined bet365 sign up bonus code supervision agencies and audit agencies into one，The formation of a unified supervision and review model。For example，The highest supervisory authority in South Korea is the Supervisory Yuan，Integrated monitoring and audit functions，Independent of Parliament and Government，Leaded only by the President。

　Multiple flaws hinder further bet365 sign up bonus code

By examining its development history and current situation，We can find that there are still many shortcomings and deficiencies in the foreign bet365 sign up bonus code system，Mainly manifested in the following aspects。

The first is the limitation of resources。To ensure authority，The number of people in bet365 sign up bonus code team of the relevant country、The scale is strictly controlled。Those qualified to serve as administrative ombudsmen must be the "selected few"。Sweden is the birthplace of bet365 sign up bonus code system，So far, there are only a few representative administrative supervisory commissioners coordinating the supervision work nationwide，This makes it difficult to effectively supervise a large number of administrative actions and civil servants。

The second is the limitation of authority。bet365 sign up bonus code system belongs to post-event supervision，Unable to function as a preventer。bet365 sign up bonus code does not have the final say，And most administrative ombudsmen passively wait for complaints to come to their door。Also，The objects of supervision by bet365 sign up bonus code usually do not include senior officials above the ministerial level，This means they only swat flies but not tigers。From a global perspective，bet365 sign up bonus code system has not yet been fully utilized，The powers of bet365 sign up bonus code have not yet been fully utilized。

Finally, there are the limitations of the program。The parliamentary referral system often causes delays or obstructions in bet365 sign up bonus code’s inspection process。UK、France and other countries clearly stipulate in bet365 sign up bonus code system that public complaints must be referred to bet365 sign up bonus code by parliamentarians，That is, the parliamentary referral system。The original intention of this system is to improve the efficiency of case handling by limiting the total number of complaints to bet365 sign up bonus code，Speed ​​up the complaint handling process。But，The development and improvement of modern government，Make the ways for citizens to seek relief more diverse，The parliamentary referral system artificially blocks bet365 sign up bonus code from the public，Influenced bet365 sign up bonus code’s principle of prioritizing backlogged cases，It also caused delays in processing appeal cases due to the referral process。Visible，This model can no longer adapt to the current development trend of bet365 sign up bonus code system。

　　(This article is part bet365 sign up bonus code Humanities and Social Sciences General Planning Project bet365 sign up bonus code Ministry of Education "Research on the Early Warning and Prevention and Control Mechanism of Integrity Risks for Leading Cadres Based on Personal Reports of Related Matters" (19YJA810006)、Hunan Provincial Social Science Achievements Review Committee Project "Research on the Identification and Prevention and Control Mechanism of Integrity Risks for Leading Cadres Based on Personal Reports of Major Matters" (XSP18YBZ050)、Hunan Provincial Social Science Planning Fund Project "Research on the Self-Discipline Prevention and Control Mechanism of Grassroots Cadres Based on the Effectiveness Evaluation of Integrity Culture Construction" (17YBA366) Phased Results)

(Author’s unit: School of Management, Hunan City University、Hunan New Urbanization Research Institute provincial-level professional think tank)