Marxism believes，Individual needs to be the source and foundation of individual behavior enthusiasm and power。Since the 20th century，The needs of people and their satisfaction are not only widely concerned by the psychological community，It is also a topic of discussing and research on many disciplines。Where，American psychologist Maslow needs the most popular theoretical influence。He not only builds a wide range of the theory of the need for the need for five levels，It also further developed this theory，Metaid the need to surpass self -realization，And extended to X in the management field、Y、Z theory。Reversing Maslow needs layer theory，The motivation and development of our decryption、Personality、Beyond self and even the new era to realize the needs of the people's good life, there is a positive guidance significance。

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Mention Maslow，People generally think that he put forward the need layer theory consisting of five levels.，This is the core results of Maslow's previous psychological research。Maslow believes that people are a kind of constant demand，There are some common and development of life、Personalized and closely related needs; in order to meet this need for this one after another，People have generated motivation for continuous steady stream。In this sense,，It needs to promote the development of human history。

Maslow discusses the theory of layering in detail in the masterpiece "Motivation and Personality"。He summarizes the general needs of people into a progressive hierarchical system，Divided into physiological Bet365 app download needs from low to high -level、safety needs、The needs of love and belonging、The need for respect and self -realization requires five levels。It is meaningful to sort at the level of layer。People are preferred to meet the needs of low levels，When it is satisfied，High -level layer needs to appear with it。Physiological needs such as hunger cannot be satisfied，It is difficult for people to seek safety needs，Its main behavior can only work hard to meet the physiological needs; when the physiological needs are basically met，Safety becomes the next subject。From low to advanced，The process that the old need to meet and the new needs is dynamic、Getting up、There is a causal relationship、Mode to develop overlap。

Maslow needs to have a strong guiding significance for individual and social development。First，Need to be bet365 Play online games closely related to the development of people。The implementation required for each level is a leap in the quality of life，determines the realm of individual personality development。If not satisfied，Life may stagnate at this needs level，Human nature will be restrained，Personality development is also greatly affected。Second，Need to be closely linked to social development。From horizontal view，In the real society of life in Maslow，From physiological needs to self -realization needs，The distribution of the situation in the social population is a pyramid -shaped structure。The most people who meet the physiological needs，The bottom layer of the pyramid。As the level increases，The person who can meet the corresponding needs gradually decreases，The least person who meets the need for self -realization，At the position of the tower spire。From the vertical perspective，Need to be closely related to the development level of national society and people's expectations。

Maslow needs to have a great impact in my country。For the 70 years since the founding of New China，People's life continues to improve，Overall in our society has achieved a huge leap from physiological needs to respect for respect and needs。People gradually recognize this theory in practice，and consciously take self -realization as a goal。

　　Development of layer theory: Need to surpass self -implementation

Maslow needs to layer theory based on his research on human society at that time。"Motor and Personality" Published in 1954，In the first 20 years，The world is in tension、turbulent and recovery，People need in a shortage state，People are mainly committed to meeting the needs of lower levels，Self -implementation needs to be difficult to reach。

Enter the 1960s，With the recovery of the world economy and the development of society，The overall needs of human society start to get out of the scarce state，Self -implementation is no longer unattainable，People have emerged in the process of pursuing self -realization。The concept of self -implementation is continuously strengthened，As a result, people excessively value themselves，centered on "self"，Ignore others and others、Social relationship; in terms of personality，People’s selfish、Self -benefit、Indulgence Self and other phenomena increasingly prominent。Maslo keenly touch these changes，and a serious reflection。For individuals，There is an upper limit for self -realization，The ultimate need to use it as a person will reduce the value of people。When the self -implementation is satisfied，People may lose the motivation to move forward，Personality will also have problems。In a real society，Examples bet365 live casino games that often see people who lose theirself after they become famous。

Maslow realized that he needed an early theoretical architecture to be incomplete。Five levels of level need to focus on the people themselves and leave the complex social historical conditions，Even the highest level of self -realization，It will also cause various problems。He published two important articles on "The meaning of transcendence" and "Z theory" in the year before his death (1969)，Perfect the theory that requires levels。He believes that humans have a potential and higher -level nature, that is, self -transcendence。People can find a wider field of vision after the healthy self -realization needs to be satisfied、Higher -level spirit or transcendence self -implementation。Here，Maslow needs to reinterpret the original self -realization，Divide one of them into two，Divided into healthy self -realization needs and transcendent self -realization needs。Self -implementation，But there is a essential distinction。Healthy self -realization needs to live in the "scarce kingdom" that lives on scarce needs and scarceness with a similar attitude of Confucianism in the WTO，Muting for yourself，Reaches the unity of the individual，A small self。Beyond self -actualization needs to be dominated by transcendence motivation，Based on a healthy self -realization，Excessive attitude of the world is superior to personal sense，and society、Unified others and nature，Realize "Expansion Self"，Enter the "selfless" state。

Maslow believes that surpassing is the highest human consciousness、The broadest or overall level，Is it as a purpose rather than a means to play a role，And with yourself、Others who have an important relationship、Most people、Nature，and the relationship between the universe。He Bet365 app download frequently uses "Super Personal", "Beyond Self", "Superman" and "Superman" when describing the highest level of describing the highest level，What emphasizes super personal value、Inconsistent effects of value or cosmic value，Assuming the need for people to dedicate and sacrifice self -sacrifice than self -sacrifice。Proposal required for surpassing self -realization，Maslow needs a layer theory to complete a complete study of the full development of people who explore individuals to super personal。

　　Extension of layer theory: Management X, Y, Z theory

Maslow's impact of layer theory is beyond the field of psychology，Wide attention by various disciplines。American management scientist McGregor introduced Maslow's early theory to introduce management research。He proposed X theory and Y theory in the book "The Human Noodles of the Enterprise"。X theory is called the management theory of autocraticism，I believe that people have negative working power motivation。Driven by physiological and safety，Work is just a way to make a living，Need to rely on forced、Threat、Money and other means to stimulate employees' enthusiasm。Y theory is love and belonging、Respect、Self -implementation needs to be based on，I believe that people have a positive source of working source。People are regarded as active life individuals and received human rights respect，Employees have a sense of belonging to the company，It is encouraged to realize self -worth in active work。Maslow put forward Z theory on the basis of X theory and Y theory in his later years，Analyzing the positive role of transcendence self -realization needs to be in management。Z theory point out，All workers regardless of IQ，All have potential transcendence、Elitage's、full of ideal bet365 best casino games needs。He revealed the spirit of dedication and self -sacrifice on the existence of the workers' self -need motivation。Z theory is applied in many excellent corporate management practices in the world today。

So far，X、Y、Z theory re -constructed the structure of Maslow's later theory from the perspective of management，Divide the needs of the need to include transcendence self -actualization needs to be divided into three continuous systems。X Theory includes physiological needs and safety needs，It is to meet the needs of low -level needs to ensure that workers complete work tasks; Y theory includes the need for love and belonging、The needs of respect and the need for healthy self -realization，Strive to mobilize the enthusiasm of workers by meeting the middle and high levels、Activeness is the development of the company; Z theory is the need for transcendence self -realization，By achieving the highest level of needs，Stimulate the creativity and dedication of employees to contribute to the company。X、Y、Z theory more fully reveals the nature and internal connection required by human beings at various levels。The effectiveness it obtained in the application，Fully verified the practical value and scientificity of the theoretical theory,It marks the final completion of Maslow's need for layer theory。

British psychologist Collin Wilson believes that the important value of Maslo theory belongs to the 21st century，The significance of the need to layer theory will be displayed vividly this century。Maslo's transcendent self -realization needs and Z theory，Entering the new era、China has a strong reference meaning with higher levels of need。The goal of our struggle in the new era includes not only the need to realize the needs of individual and national development，There is also the need Bet365 lotto review to realize the development of all human beings。In -depth interpretation and using Maslow's needed layer theory is a meaningful thing。

(This article is the Ideological and Moral Quality Improvement of Hunan Provincial College Students, "Research and Practice of University Freshmen Mental Health Education and Consultation Work Innovation Research and Practice" (17GC18) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Hunan Urban College Art College)